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pharm quiz 5 Flashcards

1
Q

chlorpromazine HCL (thorazine) thera

A

conventional antipsychotic

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2
Q

chlorpromazine HCL (thorazine) pharm

A

phenothiazines

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3
Q

chlorpromazine HCL (thorazine) moa

A

block positive symptoms of schizophrenia (prevent dopamine & serotonin from accessing neurological sites)

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4
Q

Q
chlorpromazine HCL (thorazine) indication

A

for severe mental illness (schizophrenia)

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5
Q

chlorpromazine HCL (thorazine) ae

A

acute dystonia, akathisia, parkinsonism, tardive dyskinesia, anticholinergic effects (dry mouth, urinary retention, postural/orthostatic hypotension, blurred vision), sedation, hypotension, sexual dysfunction, neuroleptic malignant syndrome

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6
Q

chlorpromazine HCL (thorazine) considerations

A

7-8 weeks needed to see improvements, black box warning, should be gradually withdrawn over 2-3 weeks (N/V, tremors, dizziness, dyskinesia can occur during withdrawal), cava & st john’s wort can increase severity of dystonic or painful muscle contractions

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7
Q

haloperidol (haldol) thera

A

conventional antipsychotic

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8
Q

haloperidol (haldol) pharm

A

non phenothiazine dopamine 2 antagonist

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9
Q

haloperidol (haldol) moa

A

blocking of dopamine type 2 receptor

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10
Q

haloperidol (haldol) indi

A

severe mental illness (schizo)

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11
Q

haloperidol (haldol) ae

A

identical to that of phenothiazines (acute dystonia, akathisia, parkinsonism, tardive dyskinesia, anticholinergic effects (dry mouth, urinary retention, postural/orthostatic hypotension, blurred vision), sedation, hypotension, sexual dysfunction, neuroleptic malignant syndrome)

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12
Q

haloperidol (haldol) considerations

A

black box warning, do not suddenly discontinue, EPS high chance

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13
Q

risperidone (Risperdal) thera

A

atypical antipsychotics

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14
Q

risperidone (Risperdal) pharm

A

benzisoxazoles

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15
Q

risperidone (Risperdal) moa

A

block dopamine type 2 receptors, serotonin (5HT) and alpha adrenergic receptors

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16
Q

risperidone (Risperdal) indi

A

severe mental illness (schizo)-treat both positive & negative symptoms

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17
Q

risperidone (Risperdal) ae

A

fewer than those of phenothiazines & non phenothiazines but OBESITY and its risk factors need to be monitored (constipation, itching, NMS, dizziness, EPS, HA, insomnia, sedation, wt gain)

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18
Q

lorazepam (Ativan); alprazolam (Xanax) thera

A

sedative-hypnotic, anxiolytic, anesthetic adjunct

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19
Q

lorazepam (Ativan); alprazolam (Xanax) pharm

A

benzodiazepines

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20
Q

lorazepam (Ativan); alprazolam (Xanax) moa

A

binds to gaba receptor chloride channel molecule, which intensifies GABA effects

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21
Q

lorazepam (Ativan); alprazolam (Xanax) indi

A

anxiety disorders & insomnia (caused by anxiety)

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22
Q

lorazepam (Ativan); alprazolam (Xanax) ae

A

drowsiness, dizziness, resp depression

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23
Q

lorazepam (Ativan); alprazolam (Xanax) consid

A

monitor LOC, resp rate every 5-15 mins, motor open & patent airway (since it relaxes epiglottis), treat overdose w/flumazedone (romazicon), pt not to operate heavy machinery, watch children, dont sign legal documents, dont mix w/etoh or herbal or sedative drug

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24
Q

sertraline (Zoloft) thera

A

antidepressant

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25
sertraline (Zoloft) pharm
ssri
26
sertraline (Zoloft) moa
increase availability of serotonin at specific postsynaptic receptor sites located within the cns(slows reuptake of serotonin in presynaptic nerve terminals)
27
sertraline (Zoloft) indi
depression
28
sertraline (Zoloft) ae
sexual dysfunction, nausea, HA, wt gain, anxiety, insomnia; less common: sedation, anticholinergic effects (ask abt urinary retention), sympathetic effects
29
sertraline (Zoloft) consid
can cause sexual dysfunction, can develop serotonin syndrome (happen when given w/maois)-discontinue if happens
30
imipramine (Tofranil) thera
antidepressant
31
imipramine (Tofranil) pharm
tcas
32
imipramine (Tofranil) moa
inhibit reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonins
33
imipramine (Tofranil) indi
major depression
34
imipramine (Tofranil) ae
orthostatic hypotension, sedation, anticholinergic effects (dry mouth, blurred vision, urine retention), hypertension rarely: cardiac dysrhythmias
35
imipramine (Tofranil) consid
activated charcoal & nasogastric tube for suction given for overdose, dont give to pts w/past heart attack/heart block/arrhythmia, avoid w/etoh/cns depressants
36
bupropion (Wellbutrin) thera
atypical antidepressants
37
bupropion (Wellbutrin) pharm
aminoketone
38
bupropion (Wellbutrin) moa
dopamine-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (DNRI)
39
bupropion (Wellbutrin) indi
depression
40
bupropion (Wellbutrin) ae
HA, insomnia, hypertension
41
bupropion (Wellbutrin) consid
Was classified as an SNRI in older texts; bupropion is actually an aminoketone by pharmacologic class and functions as a dopamine-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (DNRI). It is now known to have minimal effect on serotonin.
42
phenelzine (Nardil) thera
antidepressants
43
phenelzine (Nardil) pharm
maois
44
phenelzine (Nardil) moa
decrease effectiveness of monoamine oxidase
45
phenelzine (Nardil) indi
depression
46
phenelzine (Nardil) ae
orthostatic hypotension, HA, insomnia, diarrhea; interact w/large number of foods/other meds-hypertensive crisis caused by interaction between MAOis and foods w/tyramine
47
phenelzine (Nardil) consid
only for pts not responsive to other agents, potentiate the effects of insulin and other diabetic drugs food that contain tyramine: avocados, bananas, raisins, figs, fava beans, beer papaya, wine, beef, salami, sausages
48
phenobarbital (Luminal) thera
sedative/hypnotics, anticonvulsants
49
phenobarbital (Luminal) pharm
barbiturates
50
phenobarbital (Luminal) moa
CNS depressant
51
phenobarbital (Luminal) indi
sedative and hypnotic, antiseizure
52
phenobarbital (Luminal) ae
tolerance, resp depression, psychological and physical dependence
53
lithium carbonate (Eskalith; Lithobid) thera
mood stabilizer
54
lithium carbonate (Eskalith; Lithobid) pharm
antimanic
55
lithium carbonate (Eskalith; Lithobid) moa
affects sodium transport across cell membranes
56
lithium carbonate (Eskalith; Lithobid) indi
bipolar disorder
57
lithium carbonate (Eskalith; Lithobid) ae
excessive loss of sodium
58
lithium carbonate (Eskalith; Lithobid) consid
has narrow therapeutic index so need lithium drawn periodically
59
enalapril (Vasotec) thera
anti-hypertensive
60
enalapril (Vasotec) pharm
ace inhibitor
61
enalapril (Vasotec) moa
inhibits effects of angiotensin II lowering peripheral resistance and decreasing blood volume
62
enalapril (Vasotec) indi
htn
63
enalapril (Vasotec) ae
persistent cough and hypotension
64
enalapril (Vasotec) consid
monitor potassium (can cause hyperkalemia), good for diabetics, all ace inhibitors end in pril
65
losartan (Cozaar) thera
antihypertensives
66
losartan (Cozaar) pharm
angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARBS)
67
losartan (Cozaar) moa
block angiotensin receptors in arterial smooth muscle and adrenal glands
68
losartan (Cozaar) indi
htn
69
losartan (Cozaar) ae
hypotension
70
losartan (Cozaar) consid
all end in sartan, can cause hyperkalemia
71
metoprolol (Lopressor); atenolol (Tenormin)--high alert thera
antihypertensives, antianginals
72
metoprolol (Lopressor); atenolol (Tenormin)--high alert pharm
beta blockers
73
metoprolol (Lopressor); atenolol (Tenormin)--high alert moa
decrease hr and contractility (negative inotropes and chronotropes), blockade beta 1 receptors in juxtaglomerular apparatus
74
metoprolol (Lopressor); atenolol (Tenormin)--high alert ae
bradycardia, HF, rash, blurred vision, hyper/hypoglycemia, erectile dysfunction, fatigue, weakness, pulmonary edema, dizziness, drowsiness
75
metoprolol (Lopressor); atenolol (Tenormin)--high alert consid
end in lol, do not give to asthmatics, pulmonary disease, or diabetics (bec the mask the signs of hypoglycemia)
76
nifedipine (Procardia) thera
antihypertensives, antianginals
77
nifedipine (Procardia) pharm
calcium channel blockers
78
nifedipine (Procardia) moa
block calcium ion channels-cause vasodilation decreasing BP
79
nifedipine (Procardia) indi
htn and angina
80
nifedipine (Procardia) ae
include dizziness, HA, flushing
81
nifedipine (Procardia) consid
best for African Americans (bec they have high IC calcium), avoid grapefruit bec it enhance absorption of calcium
82
doxazosin (Cardura) thera
antihypertensives
83
doxazosin (Cardura) pharm
peripherally acting antiadrenergics (alpha 1 adrenergic antagonist)
84
doxazosin (Cardura) moa
block sympathetic receptors in arterioles leading to vasodilation
85
doxazosin (Cardura) indi
htn
86
doxazosin (Cardura) ae
orthostatic hypotension dizziness, nausea, nervousness, fatigue
87
hydralazine (Apresoline) thera
antihypertensives
88
hydralazine (Apresoline) pharm
direct acting vasodilators
89
hydralazine (Apresoline) moa
cause vasodilation by direct relaxation of arterial smooth muscle
90
hydralazine (Apresoline) indi
for severe htn and hypertension crisis
91
hydralazine (Apresoline) ae
reflex tachycardia, sodium and fluid retention
92
atorvastatin (Lipitor) (THE BEST) thera
antihyperlipidemic
93
atorvastatin (Lipitor) (THE BEST) pharm
HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/Statin
94
atorvastatin (Lipitor) (THE BEST) moa
inhibits HMG-CoA reductase
95
atorvastatin (Lipitor) (THE BEST) indi
reduces serum-lipid levels
96
atorvastatin (Lipitor) (THE BEST) ae
HA, fatigue, muscle or joint pain, heartburn, rarely: rhabdomyolysis (breakdown of muscle fibers leading to acute renal failure) and myopathy, hepatotoxic
97
atorvastatin (Lipitor) (THE BEST) consid
satins can dro LDL, VLDL, triglycerides, raise HDL, are used first, take in evening, do liver function test, report muscle pain not brought on by activity and hold-ask prescribers to draw LFTs, high ck levels = muscle breakdown
98
cholestyramine (Questran) thera
antihyperlipidemic
99
cholestyramine (Questran) pharm
bile acid sequestrant
100
cholestyramine (Questran) moa
to lower serum-lipid levels
101
cholestyramine (Questran) indi
gi tract such as bloating and constipation
102
cholestyramine (Questran) ae
liver increases LDL receptors (which reduces cholesterol) but these can bind to other drugs-be mindful of drug-drug interactions (digoxin, pcn, thyroid hormone, thiazide diuretics), liked to be used w/statins
103
niacin (Niacor)-b complex vitamin thera
lipid-lowering agents, vitamin
104
niacin (Niacor)-b complex vitamin pharm
nicotinic acid, water soluble vitamins
105
niacin (Niacor)-b complex vitamin moa
decrease VLDL levels
106
niacin (Niacor)-b complex vitamin indi
reduce triglycerides; increase HDL levels
107
niacin (Niacor)-b complex vitamin ae
flushing, hot flashes, nausea, excess gas, diarrhea; more serious-hepatotoxicity, gout
108
niacin (Niacor)-b complex vitamin consid
ae makes drug undesirable, aspirin can help with flushing, not good for diabetics (raises fasting glucose)
109
gemfibrozil (Lopid) thera
antihyperlipidemic
110
gemfibrozil (Lopid) pharm
fibric acid agent (fibrate)
111
gemfibrozil (Lopid) moa
unknown
112
gemfibrozil (Lopid) indi
treating severe hypertriglyceridemia
113
gemfibrozil (Lopid) ae
gi distress, watch for bleeding w/pts on anticoagulants
114
gemfibrozil (Lopid) consid
combined w/statins = reduced triglycerides
115
ezetimibe (Zetia) thera
lipid-lowering agents
116
ezetimibe (Zetia) pharm
cholesterol absorption inhibitors
117
ezetimibe (Zetia) moa
inhibits absorption of cholesterol (cholesterol absorbed by intestinal lumen and zetia blocks 50% of this absorption but body responds by producing more cholesterol)
118
ezetimibe (Zetia) indi
modest reception in LDL
119
ezetimibe (Zetia) ae
no serious side effects
120
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