Pharm Qiz 2

Question 0

Define hyperreactive?

Answer 0

Low dose for expected results. O.5mg versed makes the patient blue for example(BIG REACTION TO SMALL DOSE)

Question 1

What is the only volatile agent that is not a racemic mixture?

Answer 1

Sevoflurane

Question 2

Define hypersensitive

Answer 2

Allergic reaction to a drug

Question 3

Define hyporeactive

Answer 3

Large dose for expected results, 380 mg dilaudid

Question 4

Define tolerance

Answer 4

hypo-reactivity secondary to chronic exposure

Question 5

Define cross tolerance

Answer 5

hypo-reactivity between drugs of different classes, for example ether or alcohol, propofol and alcohol both affect GABA so it might take more drug to achieve the effect.

Question 6

Define tachyphylaxis

Answer 6

hypo-reactivity with only a few drug doses, the first time one receives fentanyl its the best it will ever be

Question 7

Three ways one develops tolerance

Answer 7

1. cellular tolerance, neuronal adaptation(crack smoker having neuro changes)
2. Enzyme induction(drinks alcohol everyday)
3. Neurotransmitter depletion(big coffee drinkers deplete their catecholamine stores, so it would take more catecholamine support for them

Question 8

Define immunity

Answer 8

hypo-reactivity due to the formation of antibodies

Question 9

Define idosyncrasy

Answer 9

unusual drug effects in small percentage of patients regardless of dose

Question 10

Define additive effects

Answer 10

2 drugs together have total effects of each drug added together, 1/2 mac Des + 1/2 mac of N20 = 1 mac

Question 11

Define synergistic effect?

Answer 11

2 drugs interact to have effect greater than each effect if drug was given alone, 1/2 mac drug “a” + 1.2 mac drug “b” = 2 mac

Question 12

Define agonist in relation to a drug effect

Answer 12

binds to receptor and activates, there is a conformational change at the receptor site

Question 13

Define antagonist as related to a drug receptor

Answer 13

drug binds but does not activate or generate a response

Question 14

What are two types of antagonist?

Answer 14

1. competitive

2. non competitive

Question 15

Explain competitive antagonist

Answer 15

agonist can replace the antagonist on the receptor site, it takes greater does of antagonist to prevent being swept off the receptor site by the agonist

Question 16

Explain noncompetative antagonist

Answer 16

Irreversible binding, large doses of agonist can’t overcome the antagonist on the receptor site

Question 17

In the two compartment model of pharmokinetics what happens?

Answer 17

Drug is administered IV into the central compartment, distributes to the peripheral compartment, and then returns to the central compartment for clearance

Question 18

Define the central compartment

Answer 18

1. intravascular fluid
2. highly perfused tissue(heart, lung, brain,kidneys and liver)
3. 75% of cardiac output but only 10% of the blood mass

Question 19

Define peripheral compartment

Answer 19

Everything else, majority of body weight, minority of cardiac output

• theoretical calculated volume
• rate of drug transfer from central compartment to peripheral compartment can vary with age
• peripheral drug compartment can exaggerate repeated drug doses

Question 20

What do log graphs show concerning decreases in drug plasma versus time after IV bolus?

Answer 20

alpha shows distribution with a rapid fall off of concentration, while beta elimination will show a more slow decline

Question 21

What is elimination 1/2 time?

Answer 21

• most common method of describing a drugs pharmakinetic behavior
• its the time necessary for the plasma concentration to decrease by half
• Inversely proportional to clearance
• 5 elimination1/2 times necessary for 97% clearance of a drug

Question 22

What is elimination 1/2 life?

Answer 22

time necessary to eliminate 1/2 of the drug from the body, elimination 1/2 life is not = elimination 1/2 time if plasma concentration decreases do not = drug elimination