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Fall P2 > Pharm Practice - Midterm Material > Flashcards

Pharm Practice - Midterm Material Flashcards

1
Q

Subjective vs Objective

A

Subjective - What patient tells you, history, CC

Objective - What you detect during Exam (Vitals)

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2
Q

Components of Past History

A 
Childhood illnesses
Adult Illnesses w/ Dates
 - Medical (HTN, DM)
- Surgical (indication/types)
- Obstetric/Gynecologic (history)
- Psychiatric (Illnes/timeframe)
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3
Q

ROS

A

Review of systems

Documents presence or absence of common symptoms related to each major body system, long list of y/n questions

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4
Q

7 attributes of a symptom

A 
History
Location
Quality
Severity
Modifying Factors
Onset
Additional symptoms
Duration
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5
Q

ROS Categories

A 
General
Skin
Head
Eyes
Ears
Nose
Throat
Neck
CDV
Lungs
GI
Limbs
Genito/Urinary
Musculoskeletal
Hematologic
Endocrine
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6
Q

4 cardinal techniques of examination

A

Inspection
Palpation
Percussion
Auscultation

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7
Q

Inspection

A

Close observation of details of patient’s appearance, behavior, movement

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8
Q

Palpation

A

Tactile pressure from the palamar fingers/pads to assess areas of skin elevation, depression, warmth, tenderness, etc.

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9
Q

Percussion

A

striking w/ fingers to create a sound wave from underlying tissues/organs

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10
Q

Auscultation

A

Listening w/ stethoscope to detect characteristics of heart/lung/bowel sounds

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11
Q

Problem Lists how to

A

Start with most severe, CC first unless will make dead

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12
Q

What is FIFE

A

Patients Perspective on illness

Feelings
Ideas
Function
Expectations

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13
Q

FIFE - Feelings

A

What the patient feels about the problem (fears/Concerns)

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14
Q

FIFE - Ideas

A

Patient’s idea about the nature/cause of the problem

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15
Q

FIFE - Function

A

Effect of problem on patients life and functioning

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16
Q

FIFE - Expectations

A

What does the patient expect of the disease/clinicion/healthcare

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17
Q

3 dimensions of cultural humility

A

Self Awareness
Respectful Communication
Collaborative Partnerships

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18
Q

Building Blocks of Ethics

A

Nonmalefeficence
Beneficence
Autonomy
Confidentiality

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19
Q

Primum Non Nocere

A

Nonmaleficence

First, do no harm

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20
Q

Benficence

A

clinician must do good for the patient

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21
Q

Autonomy

A

Patients have right to determine what is in their best interest

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22
Q

Confidentiality

A

Obligation to not say anything about patient. Give privacy.

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23
Q

Hx

A

History

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24
Q

PMH

A

Past Medical History

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25
CC
Chief Complaint
26
C/O
Complains of
27
HPI
history of present Illness
28
FH
Family History
29
SH
social History
30
H&P
history and physical
31
WDWN
well developed/well nourished
32
HEENT
Hed, ears, eyes, nose and throat
33
HA
Headache
34
N/V
nausea/Vomiting
35
RHM
routine health maintenance
36
CV
cardiovascular
37
PV
peripheral Vascular
38
HTN
hypertension
39
BMI
Body mass Index
40
GU
Genito-urinary
41
Calculate BMI
Weight (KG) / height (m2)
42
6 - "7" Vital Signs
``` Height Weight BP HR Respiratory Rate Temperature "Pain" ```
43
Waist Circumference + Risk
Women - 35+ Men - 40+ = Risk for Diabetes/HTN/CVD
44
Normal HR
50-90
45
White Coat HTN
15-20% of stage 1 HTN in office (ambulatory readings = normal)
46
Masked HTN
Office BP = normal (ambulatory readings = high, risk of CVD)
47
CAGE
Questions Regarding substance/alcohol abuse Cutting Down Annoyance when criticized Guilt Eye Openers
48
RRR
Regular Rate and Rhythm
49
BP
Blood Pressure
50
BPM
beats/min breath/min
51
HR
Heart Rate
52
RR
Respiratory Rate
53
Na
Sodium
54
KCl
Potassium Chloride
55
Cl
Chloride
56
HCO3
Bicarbonate
57
BUN
Blood Urea Nitrogen
58
SCr
Serum Creatinine
59
CrCl
Creatinine Clearance
60
Ca
Calcium
61
ALT
Alanine Aminotransferase
62
ALP
Alkaline Phosphatase
63
RBC
Red Blood Cells
64
WBC
White Blood Cells
65
HgB
Hemoglobin
66
Hct
Hematocrit
67
H&H
Hemoglobin & Hematocrit
68
Plt
Platelets
69
Erythrocytosis
High Red Blood Cell count
70
Erythrocytopenia
low red blood cell count
71
Thrombocytosis
High platelet count
72
Thrombocytopenia
Low platelet count
73
Leukocytosis
high wbc count
74
Leukocytopenia
low wbc count
75
Pancytopenia
low RBC, WBC, and Plts
76
Anemia
Lack of blood (low rbc)
77
Hyperkalemia
High serum levels of potassium Rhythm disturbancances (bradycardia, cardiac arrest) Shifts: Crush injuries/burns Increased potassium intake Decreased output (renal failure or drugs)
78
Hypokalemia
Low serum levels of potassium Shifts of Insulin/Dextrose Deficits in diet, meds, vomiting, diarrhea
79
Hypernatermia
High serum levels of sodium (low = greater water loss than Na loss) (high - IV hypertonic solution) Thirst, irritability, seizures
80
Hyponatremia
Low serum levels of sodium | often caused by dilution
81
Chem-7 Units
``` Na K Cl SCr BUN CO2 Glu ```
82
Sensitivity
ability to sense true positive
83
Specificity
ability to sense true negative
84
Na reference Range
135-145 mEq/L
85
K reference Range
3.5-5.0 mEq/L
86
Cl Reference Range
96-106 mEq/L | Follows Sodium to maintain osmolality
87
CO2 reference range
22-32 mEq/L
88
Metabolic Acidosis
Blood CO2 low, increased RR
89
Metabolic Alkalosis
Blood CO2 high, lethargy/confusion
90
BUN reference Range
8-20 mEq/L
91
Azotemia
High Blood Nitrogen, helpful in assessing renal function
92
SCr reference Range
0.7-1.2 mg/DL
93
BUN:SCr ratio indicates
>20:1 = pre-renal failure (sign of dehydration)
94
IBW
Ideal Body Weight Male - 50kg + (2.3kg(inches over 5ft)) Female - 45.4kg + (2.3 (inches over 5ft))
95
ABW
Actual Body Weight
96
Adj BW
Adjusted Body Weight | IBW + 0.4(ABW-IBW)
97
Cockcroft-Gault
CrCl = [((140-age)xWeight(kg))/(SCr x 72)] x (0.85 female)
98
Glu Reference Range
70-110 mg/dL ~40 needed for brain function ~400 = ER
99
Hyperglycemia
High Blood Glucose --> Ketoacidosis (fruity breath)
100
Hypoglycemia
Low Blood Glucose --> risk of coma/death
101
Mg reference Range
1.5-2.2 mEq/L | Mirrors Potassium
102
Hypermagnesemia
Decreased RR | Increased risk MI
103
Hypomagnesemia
Increased RR | Decreased GI absorption
104
Ca Reference Range
8.5-10.8 mg/dL | Neuromuscular activity/endocrine function
105
Hypercalcemia
Twitching, Kidney Stones, Constipation
106
Hypocalcemia
Tingling, Numbness
107
Phosphate Reference Range
2.6-4.5 mg/dL Opposite Calcium High energy bonds of ATP (may cause renal failure)
108
Albumin Reference Range
3.5-5.0 g/dL main serum protein produced by liver Binds Ions/drugs
109
Hyperalbuminemia
May cause sudden dehydration

Fall P2 (13 decks)

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