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Fall P2 > Pharm Practice - Midterm Material > Flashcards

Pharm Practice - Midterm Material Flashcards

1
Q

Subjective vs Objective

A

Subjective - What patient tells you, history, CC

Objective - What you detect during Exam (Vitals)

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2
Q

Components of Past History

A 
Childhood illnesses
Adult Illnesses w/ Dates
 - Medical (HTN, DM)
- Surgical (indication/types)
- Obstetric/Gynecologic (history)
- Psychiatric (Illnes/timeframe)
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3
Q

ROS

A

Review of systems

Documents presence or absence of common symptoms related to each major body system, long list of y/n questions

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4
Q

7 attributes of a symptom

A 
History
Location
Quality
Severity
Modifying Factors
Onset
Additional symptoms
Duration
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5
Q

ROS Categories

A 
General
Skin
Head
Eyes
Ears
Nose
Throat
Neck
CDV
Lungs
GI
Limbs
Genito/Urinary
Musculoskeletal
Hematologic
Endocrine
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6
Q

4 cardinal techniques of examination

A

Inspection
Palpation
Percussion
Auscultation

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7
Q

Inspection

A

Close observation of details of patient’s appearance, behavior, movement

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8
Q

Palpation

A

Tactile pressure from the palamar fingers/pads to assess areas of skin elevation, depression, warmth, tenderness, etc.

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9
Q

Percussion

A

striking w/ fingers to create a sound wave from underlying tissues/organs

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10
Q

Auscultation

A

Listening w/ stethoscope to detect characteristics of heart/lung/bowel sounds

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11
Q

Problem Lists how to

A

Start with most severe, CC first unless will make dead

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12
Q

What is FIFE

A

Patients Perspective on illness

Feelings
Ideas
Function
Expectations

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13
Q

FIFE - Feelings

A

What the patient feels about the problem (fears/Concerns)

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14
Q

FIFE - Ideas

A

Patient’s idea about the nature/cause of the problem

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15
Q

FIFE - Function

A

Effect of problem on patients life and functioning

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16
Q

FIFE - Expectations

A

What does the patient expect of the disease/clinicion/healthcare

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17
Q

3 dimensions of cultural humility

A

Self Awareness
Respectful Communication
Collaborative Partnerships

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18
Q

Building Blocks of Ethics

A

Nonmalefeficence
Beneficence
Autonomy
Confidentiality

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19
Q

Primum Non Nocere

A

Nonmaleficence

First, do no harm

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20
Q

Benficence

A

clinician must do good for the patient

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21
Q

Autonomy

A

Patients have right to determine what is in their best interest

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22
Q

Confidentiality

A

Obligation to not say anything about patient. Give privacy.

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23
Q

Hx

A

History

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24
Q

PMH

A

Past Medical History

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25
Q

CC

A

Chief Complaint

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26
Q

C/O

A

Complains of

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27
Q

HPI

A

history of present Illness

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28
Q

FH

A

Family History

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29
Q

SH

A

social History

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30
Q

H&P

A

history and physical

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31
Q

WDWN

A

well developed/well nourished

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32
Q

HEENT

A

Hed, ears, eyes, nose and throat

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33
Q

HA

A

Headache

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34
Q

N/V

A

nausea/Vomiting

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35
Q

RHM

A

routine health maintenance

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36
Q

CV

A

cardiovascular

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37
Q

PV

A

peripheral Vascular

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38
Q

HTN

A

hypertension

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39
Q

BMI

A

Body mass Index

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40
Q

GU

A

Genito-urinary

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41
Q

Calculate BMI

A

Weight (KG) / height (m2)

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42
Q

6 - “7” Vital Signs

A 
Height
Weight
BP
HR
Respiratory Rate
Temperature
"Pain"
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43
Q

Waist Circumference + Risk

A

Women - 35+
Men - 40+
= Risk for Diabetes/HTN/CVD

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44
Q

Normal HR

A

50-90

45
Q

White Coat HTN

A

15-20% of stage 1 HTN in office (ambulatory readings = normal)

46
Q

Masked HTN

A

Office BP = normal (ambulatory readings = high, risk of CVD)

47
Q

CAGE

A

Questions Regarding substance/alcohol abuse

Cutting Down
Annoyance when criticized
Guilt
Eye Openers

48
Q

RRR

A

Regular Rate and Rhythm

49
Q

BP

A

Blood Pressure

50
Q

BPM

A

beats/min breath/min

51
Q

HR

A

Heart Rate

52
Q

RR

A

Respiratory Rate

53
Q

Na

A

Sodium

54
Q

KCl

A

Potassium Chloride

55
Q

Cl

A

Chloride

56
Q

HCO3

A

Bicarbonate

57
Q

BUN

A

Blood Urea Nitrogen

58
Q

SCr

A

Serum Creatinine

59
Q

CrCl

A

Creatinine Clearance

60
Q

Ca

A

Calcium

61
Q

ALT

A

Alanine Aminotransferase

62
Q

ALP

A

Alkaline Phosphatase

63
Q

RBC

A

Red Blood Cells

64
Q

WBC

A

White Blood Cells

65
Q

HgB

A

Hemoglobin

66
Q

Hct

A

Hematocrit

67
Q

H&H

A

Hemoglobin & Hematocrit

68
Q

Plt

A

Platelets

69
Q

Erythrocytosis

A

High Red Blood Cell count

70
Q

Erythrocytopenia

A

low red blood cell count

71
Q

Thrombocytosis

A

High platelet count

72
Q

Thrombocytopenia

A

Low platelet count

73
Q

Leukocytosis

A

high wbc count

74
Q

Leukocytopenia

A

low wbc count

75
Q

Pancytopenia

A

low RBC, WBC, and Plts

76
Q

Anemia

A

Lack of blood (low rbc)

77
Q

Hyperkalemia

A

High serum levels of potassium
Rhythm disturbancances (bradycardia, cardiac arrest)
Shifts: Crush injuries/burns
Increased potassium intake
Decreased output (renal failure or drugs)

78
Q

Hypokalemia

A

Low serum levels of potassium
Shifts of Insulin/Dextrose
Deficits in diet, meds, vomiting, diarrhea

79
Q

Hypernatermia

A

High serum levels of sodium
(low = greater water loss than Na loss)
(high - IV hypertonic solution)
Thirst, irritability, seizures

80
Q

Hyponatremia

A

Low serum levels of sodium

often caused by dilution

81
Q

Chem-7 Units

A 
Na
K
Cl
SCr
BUN
CO2
Glu
82
Q

Sensitivity

A

ability to sense true positive

83
Q

Specificity

A

ability to sense true negative

84
Q

Na reference Range

A

135-145 mEq/L

85
Q

K reference Range

A

3.5-5.0 mEq/L

86
Q

Cl Reference Range

A

96-106 mEq/L

Follows Sodium to maintain osmolality

87
Q

CO2 reference range

A

22-32 mEq/L

88
Q

Metabolic Acidosis

A

Blood CO2 low, increased RR

89
Q

Metabolic Alkalosis

A

Blood CO2 high, lethargy/confusion

90
Q

BUN reference Range

A

8-20 mEq/L

91
Q

Azotemia

A

High Blood Nitrogen, helpful in assessing renal function

92
Q

SCr reference Range

A

0.7-1.2 mg/DL

93
Q

BUN:SCr ratio indicates

A

> 20:1 = pre-renal failure (sign of dehydration)

94
Q

IBW

A

Ideal Body Weight
Male - 50kg + (2.3kg(inches over 5ft))
Female - 45.4kg + (2.3 (inches over 5ft))

95
Q

ABW

A

Actual Body Weight

96
Q

Adj BW

A

Adjusted Body Weight

IBW + 0.4(ABW-IBW)

97
Q

Cockcroft-Gault

A

CrCl = [((140-age)xWeight(kg))/(SCr x 72)] x (0.85 female)

98
Q

Glu Reference Range

A

70-110 mg/dL
~40 needed for brain function
~400 = ER

99
Q

Hyperglycemia

A

High Blood Glucose –> Ketoacidosis (fruity breath)

100
Q

Hypoglycemia

A

Low Blood Glucose –> risk of coma/death

101
Q

Mg reference Range

A

1.5-2.2 mEq/L

Mirrors Potassium

102
Q

Hypermagnesemia

A

Decreased RR

Increased risk MI

103
Q

Hypomagnesemia

A

Increased RR

Decreased GI absorption

104
Q

Ca Reference Range

A

8.5-10.8 mg/dL

Neuromuscular activity/endocrine function

105
Q

Hypercalcemia

A

Twitching, Kidney Stones, Constipation

106
Q

Hypocalcemia

A

Tingling, Numbness

107
Q

Phosphate Reference Range

A

2.6-4.5 mg/dL
Opposite Calcium
High energy bonds of ATP
(may cause renal failure)

108
Q

Albumin Reference Range

A

3.5-5.0 g/dL
main serum protein produced by liver
Binds Ions/drugs

109
Q

Hyperalbuminemia

A

May cause sudden dehydration

Fall P2 (13 decks)

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