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PHARMACOLOGY > Pharm PNS I > Flashcards

Pharm PNS I Flashcards

1
Q

What does the autonomic system innervate?

A

Involuntary organs

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2
Q

What are two divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

A

Sympathetic (fight or flight) and parasympathetic (rest and digest)

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3
Q

What is the resting tone?

A

The resting level of activity in the normal animal

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4
Q

What does the somatic nervous system innervate?

A

organs under voluntary control (ex. skeletal muscles)

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5
Q

The fiber length for post ganglionic neurons in the PNS are…

A

Short

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6
Q

Neurotransmitters in the pre ganglions of the PNS are?

A

Acetylcholine (nicotinic)

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7
Q

Neurotransmitters in the post ganglions of the PNS are?

A

Acetylcholine (muscarinic)

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8
Q

PNS is in what region?

A. Craniosacral
B. Thoracolumbar

A

A. Craniosacral

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9
Q

SNS is in what region?

A. Craniosacral
B. Throacolumbar

A

B. Thoracolumbar

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10
Q

What is the fiber length of pre ganglions in the SNS?

A

short

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11
Q

What type of neurotransmitter is found in the pre ganglion of SNS?

A

acetylcholine

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12
Q

What type of neurotransmitter is found in the post ganglion of SNS?

A

norepinephrine

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13
Q

Where is acetylcholine released from?

A

Pre-synaptic neurons in:

  • pre-ganglionic neurons (SNS, PNS)
  • post-ganglionic terminal (PNS)
  • somatic terminals (NMJ)
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14
Q

What breaks down acetylcholine?

A

Acetylcholinesterase (in synapse) and Pseudocholinesterase (plasma/other tissues)

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15
Q

Where is the neurotransmitter Norepinephrine released from?

A

Synaptic nerve endings of neurons

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16
Q

Where is the neurotransmitter Epinephrine released from?

A

Adrenal gland

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17
Q

What type of receptors are Cholinergic receptors?

A

Nicotinic and Muscarinic

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18
Q

What type of receptors are Adrenergic receptors?

A

Alpha and Beta

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19
Q

What kind of receptor is a nicotinic receptor?

A

Inotropic receptor

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20
Q

What kind of receptor is a muscarinic receptor?

A

metabotropic receptor

21
Q

Which muscarinic receptors are stimulatory?

A

M1, M3, M5

22
Q

Which muscarinic receptors are inhibitory?

A

M2 and M4

23
Q

What does SLUDD stand for?

A 
Salivation
Lacrimation
Urination
Digestion 
Defication
24
Q

Where do you normally find muscarinic (M1) receptor and what changes do they make?

A
  • GI tract smooth muscles to increase gastric secretion
  • smooth muscle contraction
  • urinary bladder smooth muscle
  • myocardium to decrease heart rate
  • exocrine glands to increase exocrine secretions
25
Q

What will a drug do in relation to the receptor?

A

Drug will act as an agonist and will bind to the receptors

26
Q

What are some thangs about a-1?

A
  • it is the most common adrenergic receptor
  • found on vascular smooth muscle
  • vasoconstriction
  • increase blood pressure (MAP)
  • Mydriasis (dilation of the pupil)
  • sphincter contraction (urinary bladder and GI tract)
  • glycogenolysis
27
Q

What are some thangs about a-2?

A
  • found in brain and spinal cord
  • found in vascular endothelium
  • found in endocrine organs
  • decrease insulin
  • decrease renin
  • decrease Norepinephrine release
  • decrease pancreatic secretion
28
Q

What are some thangs about B-1?

A
  • found in the myocardium to mediate HR
  • found in adipose tissue
  • increase heart rate
  • increase cardiac contractility
  • lipolysis
  • smooth muscle relaxation
  • increase renin to increase blood pressure
29
Q

What are some thangs about B-2?

A
  • airway smooth muscle (to open up airways)
  • found in vascular smooth muscle
  • bronchodilation
  • vasodilation
  • smooth muscle relaxation
  • increase blood to skeletal muscle
  • cycloplegia (paralysis of ciliary muscles in the eye)
  • glycogenolysis
  • increase in insulin
  • increase in norepinephrine release
30
Q

What are the main effects of the Vasopressin receptors?

A
  • increases the amount of solute-free water reabsorbed back into the circulation by renal tubular cells –> main site of action is the collecting ducts
  • arteriolar vasoconstriction –> increases peripheral vascular resistance (PVR) and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP)
31
Q

Binding to V1 receptor does what to what structures?

A
  • vascular smooth muscle
    • vasoconstriction
    • preferentially shunts blood to CNS and heart
  • platelets
    • aggregation
  • juxtaglomerular cells
    • inhibits renin release
32
Q

Binding to V2 receptor does what to what structures?

A
  • renal collecting ducts
    • increase water permeability through aquaporins
    • increase urea ports
  • endothelial cells
    • Von Williford Factor release
  • platelets
    • Aggregation
  • vascular endothelium
    • vasodilation
33
Q

Binding to V3 receptor does what to what structures?

A
  • Pituitary gland
    • negative feed back for ADH (increase vasopressin will
      cause a decrease in ADH release)
    • stimulates ACTH release
34
Q

Autonomic drugs are classified as either MIMETICS or LYTICS. What does MIMETICS mean?

A

drugs that stimulate (mimic) autonomic input or effects

35
Q

Autonomic drugs are classified as either MIMETICS or LYTICS. What does LYTIC mean?

A

drugs that block (lyse) autonomic input or effects

36
Q

What does it mean if a drug is “direct-acting”?

A

They are agonists or antagonist and act directly on the receptor.

37
Q

What does it mean if a drug is “indirect-acting”?

A

Non-receptor interactions

38
Q

What are some sympathetic stuff about the eye?

A
  • relaxation of ciliary muscle for far vision
  • contraction of the iris radial muscle (mydriasis)
  • decrease aqueous humor production
39
Q

What are some parasympathetic stuff about the eye?

A
  • contraction of ciliary muscle (lens accommodation for near vision)
  • contraction of the iris sphincter muscle (miosis)
40
Q

What are some sympathetic stuff about the heart?

A
  • B-1
  • increased heart rate (tachycardia, positive chronotropy)
  • increased contractility (positive inotropy)
  • increased automaticity and conduction of AV node (positive dromotropy)
41
Q

What are some parasympathetic stuff about the heart?

A
  • M1
  • decreased heart rate (bradycardia, negative chronotropy)
  • decreased contractility (negative inotropy)
  • decreased AV node conduction (negative dromotropy)
42
Q

What are some sympathetic stuff about the vasculature?

A
  • a-1 and V-1
    • vasoconstriction
  • B-2 and V-2
    • vasodilation
  • a-2
    • various (vasoconstriction or vasodilation)
43
Q

What are some parasympathetic stuff about the vasculature?

A

indirect vasodilation through the release of nitric oxide (NO)

44
Q

What are some sympathetic stuff about the lungs?

A
  • B-2
    • bronchodilator
    • increase in cilia synchronicity
  • B-1
    • increase in pulmonary blood flow
45
Q

What are some parasympathetic stuff about the lungs?

A
  • bronchoconstriction

- increase respiratory secretions

46
Q

What are some sympathetic stuff about the GI tract?

A
  • a-1, B-1, B-2
  • decrease motility
  • closure of sphincters and increased tone
  • inhibit secretions
47
Q

What are some parasympathetic stuff about the GI tract?

A
  • M1
  • increased motility
  • relaxation of sphincters and decreased tone
  • stimulate secretion
48
Q

What are some sympathetic stuff about the urinary bladder?

A
  • B-2
    • relaxation of detrusor muscle
  • a-1
    • contraction of internal urethral sphincter
49
Q

What are some parasympathetic stuff about the urinary bladder?

A
  • M1
  • contraction of detrusor muscle
  • relaxation of internal urethral sphincter

PHARMACOLOGY (6 decks)

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