PATH II LAB FINAL Flashcards
What is the EDx in this horse?
Ceribralspinal nematodosis
What is the etiology in this horse?
Halicephalobus gingivalis
What is the Mdx for this histo in a horse?
Multifocal granulomatous nephritis (has multinucleated giant cells and increased vaculoation of the neuropil)
What is the Mdx in this horse which is due to infection with H. gingivalis?
Granulomatous and eosinophilic meningoencephalitis
What is the etiology in this lamb?
Clostridium perfingens type D (epsilon toxin)
Describe the abnormalities….
- multifocal areas of hemorrhage and malacia
- focal areas in the brain stem and basal nuclei
What is the name of the disease in the lamb?
Due to what etiology?
- focal symmetrical encephalomalacia (FSE)
- Clostridium perfingens type D
Describe the lesions (what we said in class)…
- slightly depressed area of malacia in the internal capsule
- microscopically was able to determine if it was really malacia by seeing spongiform change, necrosis, gliosis and microhemorrhage (FYI)
Describe what looks abnormal….
- miningeal blood vessels are hyperemic
- right side appears to be bigger than the left side
- Gyri appear to be slightly swollen (suggesting edema)
- small lesion in the cranial portion of the brain
Brain from an 11 year old F dog.
Hx: Progressive neurological signs. Approximately 7 grand mal seizures over the last 6 weeks. After the seizures she was lethargic and disoriented for about 24 hours. Due to poor prognosis it was euthanized.
What is your diagnosis?
Meningeoma (benign?)
What is the etiology?
- ingestion of moldy feed (corn)
- Mycotoxin: Fumonisin B1
- Fusarium verticillioides, F. moniliforme, F. proliferatum (FYI)
What is the Mdx?
Leukoencephalomalacia
What is the Edx?
Equine mycotoxic leukoencephalomalacia
What is the etiology?
Repin toxin
What is the Mdx?
What did he call it in lecture?
- bilaterally symmetric encephalomalacia
- Nigropallidal encephalomalacia
What is the name of the disease?
Centuria poisioning
Where is the lesion located?
(substantia niagra/globus pallidus)
Describe the lesion…
bilaterally symmetric encephalomalacia
Persian cat, diagnosed with FIP and non-suppurative (granulomatous) encephalitis.
What is the abnormality?
Herniation of the parahyocampal gyri
What is the Mdx and where is the lesion?
- necrotizing meningoencephalitis or multifocal necrotizing meningoencephalitis
What is the Edx in this puppy brain?
Cerebral phaeophycomycosis
What thing is seen pigmented within the picture (its a puppy brain)?
Pigmented fungi with thrombus in blood vessel
This is tissue from a cow….
Is it normal or lesion?
- normal
- ovary showing the corpus leuteum
Tissue from a cow…
Is this normal or a lesion?
- lesion
- follicular cysts (normal follicles are smaller)
Tissue from a cow….
Is this normal or a lesion?
- lesion
- cystic corpus leuteum
Tissue from a cow…
Is this normal or a lesion?
- lesion
- Granulosa cell tumor in an ovary
Tissue from a cow…
Is this normal or a lesion?
- lesion
- Teratoma (developmental anomaly consists of multiple germ layers)
Tissue from a cow…
Is this normal or a lesion?
- lesion
- uterine torsion (organ can undergo necrosis)
Tissue from a cow…
Is this normal or a lesion?
- lesion
- uterine lymphoma
- Caused by Bovine leukemia virus
Tissue from a dog…
Is this normal or a lesion?
- lesion
- due to stimulation of the endometrial glands and they will proliferate and become cystic
- may lead to pyometra
What is the Mdx?
A. Cystic endometrial hyperplasia
B. Endometriosis
C. Pyometra
D. Retention of placenta
A. Cystic endometrial hyperplasia
Tissue from a monkey…
Is this normal or a lesion?
- lesion
- Endometriosis (the brown and black stuff)
What species of animals is this abnormality mainly seen in?
Human and non-human primates (its endometriosis)
This is tissue from a?
Horse
Is this tissue normal or a lesion?
- normal
- endometrial cups (horse)
This is tissue from a….
Cow
Is this normal or a lesion?
- normal (insidental finding)
- amniotic plaques
This is tissue from a….
horse
Is this normal or a lesion?
- both
- cervical star (horse)
- can be normal if inside the horse abnormal if you can see it outside like this
Tissue from a cat…
Is this normal or a lesion?
- lesion
- pyometra (uterus)
Tissue from a cat…
Is this normal or a lesion?
- lesion
- prolapsed uterus
Tissue from a…
Dog
Is this normal or a lesion?
- normal
- zonary placenta (dog)
Tissue from a dog…
Is this normal or a lesion?
- lesion
- subinvolution of the placental sites in a dog and can lead to hemoperitenium
Tissue from a cow….
Is this normal or a lesion?
- both
- Adventitial placentation (compensation for inadequate developement of placentomes)
- insidental finding
Tissue from a cow…
Is this normal or a lesion?
- lesion
- retained placenta in the uterus
Tissue from a…
cow
Is this normal or a lesion?
- normal tissue from a ruminant
- normal placenta
Tissue from a cow…
Is this normal or a lesion?
- lesion
- mummy
If this tissue was from a pig what would be the disease and etiology?
- SMEDI
- Porcine parvovirus
A 9 year old virgin German Shepard was admitted with continuous sanguinopurulent vaginal discharge, distended abdomen and cachexia. What is the Mdx?
A. Cystic endometrial hyperplasia
B. Endometriosis
C. Pyometra
D. Retention of palcenta
C. Pyometra
Tissue from a mare- Etiology?
A. Listeria monocytogenes
B. Sarcocystis neurona
C. Taylorella equigenitalis
D. Ureaplasma diversum
C. Taylorella equigenitalis
Tissue from a bovine fetus. What is the most likely etiology?
A. Neospora caninum
B. Brucella abortus
C. Aspergillus fumigatus
D. Leptospira borgpetersenii
C. Aspergillus fumigatus
Tissue from an equine fetus. What is the Mdx?
Multifocal necrotizing hepatitis
Tissue from an equine fetus. What is the most likely etiology?
A. Equine herpes virus 1
B. Taylorella equigenitalis
C. Listeria monocytogenes
D. Leptospira Pomona
A. Equine herpes virus 1
Tissue from a cow. What is the Mdx?
A. Placental insufficency
B. Cyclopia
C. Freemartin
D. Amorphos globosus
D. Amorphos globosus
Tissue from a pig. What is the cause and pathogenesis?
- Zearalenone (causes vulva hyperplasia)
- mycotoxin causes swelling of the vulva and can lead to vaginal prolapse
Tissue from a rat. What is the Mdx?
A. Mammary carcinoma
B. Squamous cell carcinoma
C. Mammary fibroadenoma
D. Transmissible Venereal cell tumor
C. Mammary fibroadenoma
Tissue from a bull. Is this normal or a lesion?
- lesion
- Balanitis (inflammation of the penis)
Tissue from a juvenile cat. What is the Mdx?
A. Mammary carcinoma
B. Squamous cell carcinoma
C. Fibroadenomatous hyperplasia
D. Transmissible Venereal cell tumor
C. Fibroadenomatous hyperplasia
Tissue from a ram. Is this normal or a lesion?
- lesion
- scrotal dermatitis
Tissue from a dog. Is this normal or a lesion?
- lesion
- cryptorchid testicle
Tissue from a ram. Is this normal or a lesion?
- lesion
- sperm granuloma (could be due to Brucella)
Tissue from a ram. Is this normal or a lesion?
- lesion
- epididimitis (can be from Brucella)
Tissue from an ovine fetus. Is this normal or a lesion?
- lesion
- Etiology: Camplyobacter fetus sub. fetus or Campylobacter jejuni (donut like lesions)
Tissue from a sheep. What is the etiology and Mdx?
- Toxoplasma gondii
- necrotizing placentitis
- looks like a strawberry
What is the etiology and Mdx?
- BVD (pestivirus)
- Cerebellar hypoplasia
Tissue from a neonatal puppy. What is the etiology?
Canine herpes virus 1
Tissue from a male dog. What is it and what is the other Ddx?
- Interstitial (Leydig) cell tumor
- Ddx: Sertoli cell tumor
What is this tissue from a male dog?
Sertoli cell tumor
Tissue from a male dog. What is this?
Seminoma
Tissue from a male dog. What is the Mdx?
Prostatic hyperplasia
Tissue from a male dog. What is this?
Hypospadia (incomplete fusion of the urethral folds)
Heart from a feedlot steer. What is the Mdx?
Chronic multifocal to coalescing suppurative myocarditis
What is the etiology?
Histophilus somni
What is the Mdx in this tissue from a calf?
- Liver: multifocal necrotizing hepatitis or multifocal suppurative hepatitis
- Vein: chronic suppurative omphalophlebitis
Heart from a steer. What is the Mdx?
Severe chronic valvular endocarditis (verrucous/vegitative valvular endocarditis)
What lesions do you see (in pic) with valvular endocarditis?
Jet lesions
Left AV valve in a Miniature Schnauzer. What is the Mdx?
Valvular endocarditis (nodular thickening of the leaflets)
This is associated with left-sided CHF. What are these cells typically called and what is the stain?
- Hemosiderin-laden macrophages (heart failure cells)
- Iron (perl’s) stain
Liver appears to be enlarged, rounded edges, surface appears uneven and nodular. What is this caused by?
- right sided CHF
What is the Mdx?
Chronic hepatic congestion (nutmeg liver)
Prominent cardiomegaly with prominent biventricular dilation and enlargement of the atria. What is the name of the disease?
dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM)
Tissues from an 8 year old dog with a history of respiratory distress and exercise intolerance. What is the diagnosis?
Hemangiosarcoma
Tissue from a cat. What is the Mdx?
Hepatic lipidosis
If this tissue was put in formalin would it float or sink?
Float
What is the name of the disease?
Hepatosis diabetica
What is the etiology?
Vitamin E/Selenium deficency
What is the Mdx?
panlobular hepatic necrosis
Liver from a dog. What is the MDx?
chronic hepatitis with post-necrotic scarring and nodular regeneration
What is this condition referred to as and (according to his lecture note) what was the cause?
- hepatic cirrhosis
- prolonged primidone (anticonvulsant) therapy
What is the etiology?
Faciolodies magna
Why is this Facioloides magna and not Faciola hepatica?
Faciola hepatica will be in the bile ducts where this one is in the liver parenchyma
What is the Mdx (liver)?
multifocal necrotizing hepatitis
2 year old Siamese mixed female cat. This stuff was collected from the gall bladder using a sieve. What is it?
Platinosum fastastosum
What is the Mdx?
Cholacystis
What is the etiology? (cholangitis)
Faciola hepatica (within the bile ducts)
Histology from the gall bladder of a cat. What is the etiology and Mdx?
- Platynosum fastosum
- chronic proliferative eosinophilic cholasistis
What is the microscopic diagnosis?
Cholecystitis and cholangitis/peri-cholangitis, multifocal, mild to moderate with intralesional trematode parasites
What are these liver lesions called?
Liver fracture (most likely resulted in hemoperitoneum)
How did this most likely occur?
HBC
Liver from a cow. What is this likely due to?
Right sided CHF
Liver from a rabbit. What is the etiology?
Eimeria stiedae
What is the Mdx in this liver from a rabbit?
Proliferative (hyperplastic) cholangitis/cholangiohepatitis
What is the Edx?
Coccidiosis hepatitis (protozoal cholangiohepatitis)
Stomach of a dog. What is….
- Mdx?
- Possible causes
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical signs
- multifocal to coalescing necrotizing ulcerative gastritis (he said gastic ulcers is ok too)
- Uremic ulcers and NSAIDs
- Cox inhibition –> vasoconstriction –> focal ischemia and necrosis
- anorexia
What is…
- Name of the syndrome
- Cause
- Brown bowel syndrome: intestinal lipofuscinosis (ceroid deposition)
- Vitamin E/Selenium deficency or PUFA ingestion
What is the Mdx?
Teeth dental calculus (plaque)
This lesion is in the margo plicatus. What is…
- Mdx
- Etiology
- multifocal ulceration
- Gastrophilus spp.
What is the Mdx in this horse?
Proliferative enteritis (jejunum granulomatous enteritis)
What is the etiology if this was in a…
- cow
- pig
- Johne’s disease (Mycobacterium avium sub paratuburculosis)
- Lawsonia intracellularis
What organ of a cat is this?
Esophagus
What is the…
- Mdx
- Etiology
- Edx
- gastric hyperplasia
- Trichostrongylus axei
- parasitic gastritis
What is the…
- Mdx
- Etiology
- duodenum: penetration (or full thickness) ulcerative, necrotizing enteritis
- NSAIDs or septic peritonitis
What is the…
- MDx
- Etiology
- Edx
- catarrhal enteritis
- ascaris equorium
- ascaris enteritis
What is the Mdx?
multifocal to coalescing necrotizing (ulcerative) gastritis
What species is this from (rumen)?
Llama (camilid)
What is the…
- Mdx
- Complication
- palatoschisis
- communication between the oral and nasal cavity (can lead to aspiration pneumonia)
What is the…
- Mdx
- Edx
- name of the disease
- necrohemorrhagic segmental enteritis
- canine parvoviral enteritis
- canine parvo virus
What is the…
- Mdx
- Etiology
- Tongue: necrotizing, ulcerative glossitis, Esophagus: necrotizing ulcerative esophagitis
- BVD (pestivirus)
What is the…
- Mdx
- Possible etiology
- reticulum lymphosarcoma
- Bovine leukemia virus (retrovirus)
In this cat, what is the…
- Mdx
- Etiology
- multifocal granulomatous vascultitis/peritonitis
- FIP (corona virus)
In this dog, what is the Ddx?
oral cavity malignant melanoma
In this pig, what is the…
- Name of the disease
- Etiology
- swine dysentary
- Brachyspira hyodysenteriae
In this sheep, what is the…
- Etiology
- Edx
- Mdx
- Eimeria spp.
- Intestinal coccidiosis
- necrohemorrhagic colitis
In this dog, what is the Mdx?
Intestinal intucusseption
In this dog what is the…
- Edx
- Pathogenesis
- Uremic glossitis
- due to renal failure
What is the Mdx and what can it be due to?
Aquired megaesophagus
Can be idiopathic or a manifestation of myasthenia gravis
What is this and what does it lead to?
Persistent right aortic arch that leads to congenital megaesophagus
What is the Mdx?
Mouth oral papillomas
In this cow, what is the…
- Mdx
- Ddx
- Ulcerative stomatitis
- BVD or MCF
In this skin from a dog, what is the….
- Gross Mdx
- endocrine abnormality that likely underlies this skin lesion
- Calcinosis cutis
- hyperadrenalcortisism
What other tissues may have lesions?
- Hepatomegaly (steroid hepatopathy)
- Muscle atrophy
- Fat redistribution
- Bilaterally symmetric alopecia
- Secondary infections (bacterial pyoderma, stomatitis, gingivitis, otitis externa, bacterial cystitis)
- adrenal hyperplasia and adrenal adenoma/adenocarcinoma
Adrenal glands from a dog. What is the…
- Gross Mdx
- cause of this lesion
- clinical diagnosis (disease name)
- adrenal cortical hyperplasia
- pituitary adenoma or corticotroph adenoma
- secondary hyperadrenocortisism
What is…
- morphologically abnormal
- Mdx
- tragic facial expression and skin is puffy
- cutaneous myxedema
What is…
- morphologically abnormal
- gross Mdx
- thyroid atrophy
- lymphocytic thyroiditis (pathogenesis is immune mediated)
What is the pathogenesis?
Coronary atherosclerosis –> due to high cholesterol (can happen in cases of severe hypothyroidism)
What is the gross Mdx?
Bilateral nodular thyroid hyperplasia
What is the pathogenesis in both the heart and kidney (pic in answer) in this cat?
- Heart –> fibrosis and chronic myocardial infarct
- Kidney –> acute infact
- Due to saddle thrombus!
Tissue from an adult cat. What is the gross Mdx?
multifocal parathyroid hyperplasia
What other lesions should we look for?
- check the kidneys –> if renal failure hypercalcemia? and will make a rubber dog (fibrous osteodystrophy)
- want to think what kind of nutrition does this animal have? (Ca/P)
- NOT DUE TO APROCRINE GLAND CARCINOMA OR LYMPHOMA (emphasized)
Will this lesion in a dog cause parathyroid hyperplasia?
- NO!!!!!
Will this lesion cause parathyroid hyperplasia?
YASSS
Adrenal glands from a horse. What is the possible neoplasm?
Pheochromocytoma because of the mottle red appearance (will produce norepi and epi)
What is the gross Mdx and cause of this iguana?
Fibrous osteodystrophy and its due to nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism (lack of sunligh/diatary imbalance of Ca/P)
What is the gross Mdx in this ferret (second pic in answer)?
Pancreatic islet cell carcinoma with hepatic metasitsis
What is the associated clinical pathology with this?
Pancreatic islet cell carcinoma causes hypoglycemia and is the #1 tumor in a ferret
In this cat, what is the Mdx and Edx?
- multifocal ulcerative glossitis or ulcerative necrotizing glossitis
- uremic glossitis
In this dog, what is the…
- Mdx
- Etiology
- EDx
- multifocal endocardial mineralization
- hyperparathyroidism (this is in association with renal failure)
- uremic endocarditis
What is the Mdx and can be due to what condition?
- Mdx: multifocal, intercostal subpleural mineralization
- uremia –> can be due to renal failure
In this stomach of a dog what is the Mdx and Edx?
- Mdx: multifocal to coalescing areas of hemorrhage
- Edx: uremic gastritis
- stomach of a dog with renal failure
This is the wall of a stomach of a dog. What are the areas of white discoloration and what is it due to?
- white discoloration –> mineralization
- uremic gastritis
What is the name of the stain seen to diagnose mineralization in tissue due to renal disease?
Von Kossa stain
What is the Mdx/disease name and what is it associated with?
- fibrous osteodystrophy (can be both)
- associated with secondary hyperparathyroidism
What is the name of this disease?
Renal osteodystrophy (secondary hyperparathyroidism). Decreased ratio density
What is the diagnosis for this dog thats 9mo old?
- familial renal disease (could be due to a toxin too)
- chronic renal disease that leads to the loss of the parenchyma replaced by fibrous connective tissue (scaring)
What is the cause of this disease and what is the Edx?
- due to renal disease
- uremic pneumonitis (mineralization in the lungs)
Describe the abnormalities and what is the cause?
- local areas of hemorrhage and edematous
- due to uremic gastritis
What is the diagnosis and describe the abnormalities.
- embolic pneumonia (bacteria came into the lungs through the hematogenous route)
- multifocal slightly raised nodules that are scattered throughout the parenchyma
This is tissue from a 5 mo old pig. What is the MDx and Etiology?
- Mdx: multifocal to locally extensive fibrinohemorrhagic and necrotizing pneumonia
- Et: Actinobacillus pleuropnumonia
- involves the caudal and middle lung lobes mainly (cranial rarely affected)
In this rabbit, what is the Mdx and etiology?
- Mdx: fibrinosuppurative bronchopneumonia (and pyothorax)
- Etiology: Pasturella multicoda
This is tissue from a steer. What is the Mdx and Etiology?
- Mdx: fibrinous-hemorrhagic and necrotizing pneumonia
- Manhemia hemolytica (shipping fever)
Why is this Manhemia hemolytica and not Histophilus somni (asides from it being tissue from a steer)?
Because of the areas of necrosis. Will only see necrosis in shipping fever
Tissue from a steer which died after showing signs of severe respiratory distress. What is the Mdx and etiology?
Mdx: fibrinous, hemorrhagic, necrotizing, and ulcerative laryngotracheitis
Etiology: IBR (bovine herpes virus 1)
Tissue from a foal. What is the Mdx and Etiology?
Mdx: hemorrhagic tracheitis
Etiology: iatrogenic –> improper placement of the nasogastric tube
What is this lesion most likely due to?
Aspiration pneumonia. When horses are transported and their heads are held up high.
What is the name of the disease and the Mdx? Which side is most likely affected?
- Mdx: laryngeal muscle atrophy
- Name: laryngeal hemiplasia
- left-side
This is tissue from a young horse. What is the MDx and etiology?
- Mdx: multifocal pyogranulomatous pneumonia
- Etiology: Rhodococcus equi
This is tissue from a foal. What is the etiology?
Rhodococcus equi
This is brain from a sheep. What is the Mdx and etiology?
- Mdx: catarrhal sinusitis
- Mdx: oestrus ovis
Tissue from a young grower pig that died in the holding pen. Describe the abnormalities.
diffuse enlargement, rubbery consistency, heavier than usual, see presence of rib impression and can see small nodules
What is the Mdx?
Diffuse, severe intersititial fibrino-necrotizing pneumonia
What caused this interstial and necrotizing pneumonia?
Systemic Toxoplasmosis
This is lung tissue from a dog. What is the cause of this abnormality? Describe the lesion.
Mammary carcinoma (note lymph node metastasis)
- multiple nodular lesions with locational umbilicated regions and can see lymph node involvement
What is the etiology?
- Called atrophic rhinitis
- Brodetella bronchiseptica + Pasturella multocida types A and D
- Mdx?: cattarhal rhinitis
What is the name of this disease and etiology in this sheep?
- Name: Enzootic nasal carcinoma (or adenocarcinoma)
- Etiology: Enzootic nasal tumor virus (ovine beta retrovirus)
