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Musculoskeletal > Pharm Muscle Relaxants > Flashcards

Pharm Muscle Relaxants Flashcards

1
Q

Neuromuscular blocking drugs

A

Used to produce muscle paralysis in order to facilitate surgery or artificial ventilation

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2
Q

Spasmolytic

A

A drug that reduces abnormally elevated muscle tone (spasticity) without paralysis

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3
Q

Spasms

A

Sudden, violent, painful, involuntary contractions of muscles (Lower Motor Neuron)

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4
Q

Neuromuscular Junction

A

Motor neurons release acetylcholine from nerve terminal to stimulate nicotinic receptors on muscle causing contraction

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5
Q

Spasticity

A

An increase in the passive stretch resistance of a muscle or muscle group. Increased muscle tone/contraction cause movements to be stiff and awkward. Considered a permanent condition and may progress to disabling condition (Upper Motor Neuron)

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6
Q

Neuromuscular Blocker Drugs

A

Atracurium, Pancuronium, Gallamine

Non-centrally acting drigs

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7
Q

Spasmolytic Drugs

A

Baclofen, Diaepam, Tizanidine
Centrally acting drugs
Exception: Dantrolene (non-centrally acting)

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8
Q

Major Uses of Skeletal Muscle Relaxants (Spasmolytic)

A

Treat muscle strains and back pain

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9
Q

Baclofen

A

Centrally acting spasticity drug that acts on the spinal cord on GABA B receptors to prevent release of neurotransmitters to decrease tone/rigidity

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10
Q

Baclofen Uses

A

Used to treat rigidity in diseases such as MS, spinal cord injury, cerebral palsy
Not useful for treating Parkinson’s or strokes

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11
Q

Side Effects of Baclofen

A

Causes drowsiness and dizziness
Should not be combined with alcohol or other CNS depressants because of additive effects on CNS depression. Risk for hepaotoxicity

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12
Q

Diazepam

A

GABA mimic that targets GABA A receptors. Member of benzodiazepine family

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13
Q

Diazepam Uses

A

Used to treat spasms and spasticity, both upper and lower motor neuron injuries

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14
Q

Side Effects of Diazepam

A

Causes sedation in most patients and preferred over dantrolene in patients whose strength in marginal. Should not be taken with other antidepressants, Risk for hepatotoxicity

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15
Q

Dantrolene

A

Peripherally acting muscle relaxant that acts directly on the muscle by interacting with ryanodine receptor and inhibits Ca release. This decreases ability of muscle to contract

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16
Q

Dantrolene Effects

A

Prevents skeletal muscle contraction and has little effect on smooth or cardiac muscle. Treats spasticity and malignant hyperthermia

17
Q

Malignant Hyperthermia

A

Some patient are genetically predisposed to this condition. Triggering causes ryanodine to cause Ca to stay open and sustained contraction that generates great amounts of heat

18
Q

Dantrolene and Estrogen

A

Causes sever hepatotoxicity

19
Q

Dantrolene and Clindamycin

A

Increases neuromuscular blockade

20
Q

Dantrolene and Verapamil

A

Hyperkalemia and cardiac depression

21
Q

Carisoprodol

A

Centrally acting muscle relaxant that works on LMN injuries (spasms) Metabolized with meprobamate to treat anxiety

22
Q

Carisoprodol Effects

A

Highly addictive, combined with rohyphnol as date rape drug

23
Q

Chlorphenesin

A

Centrally acting muscle relaxant that works on LMN injuries in combination with baclofen. Listed as an Anti-fungal. Do not give to pregnant women

24
Q

Chlorzoxanoe

A

Central acting muscle relaxant used to treat acute muscle spasm

25
Q

Cyclobenzaprine

A

Centrally acting muscle relaxant that is prototype for these line of drugs to treat spasms due to injury or ion imbalance. Has very high protein binding. Not effective in treating muscle spasms due to CP or spinal cord injury

26
Q

Metaxalone

A

Centrally acting muscle relaxant to treat muscle spasms (LMN)

27
Q

Metaxalone Effects

A

Increased absorption with food. Will cause dizziness and headaches but is less addictive then carisoprodol

28
Q

Methocarbamol

A

Centrally acting muscle relaxant to treat muscle spasm

29
Q

Methocarbamol Side Effects

A

Can cause depressed heart rate and skin rash

30
Q

Vigabatrin

A

Centrally acting muscle relaxant to treat muscle spasm by inhibiting GABA tranaminase. Use in combination with other spastolytic drugs to decrease their degradation

31
Q

Orphenadrine

A

Centrally acting and inhibits H1 receptors, muscarinic, NMDA, and norepinephrine uptake. Effective in treating fibromyalgia

32
Q

Tixanidine

A

Centrally acting spasticity drug that is agonist for alpha-2

33
Q

Tixanidine Side Effects

A

Causes hypotensioin, drowsiness, and dry mouth

34
Q

Botulinum Toxin

A

Binds to synaptobrevin and synaptotaxin to treat spasticity from CP and used in cosmetic surgery

Musculoskeletal (7 decks)

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