Pharm Module 1 Ch. 1

Question 1

Name the three different areas of Pharmacology??

Answer 1

1. ) Molecular
2. ) Toxicology
3. ) Clinical

Question 2

Define Molecular Pharmacology

Answer 2

The design of the drug

Question 3

Define Toxicology Pharmacology

Answer 3

The study of toxic or poisonous drug effects

Question 4

Define Clinical Pharmacology

Answer 4

The testing and therapeutic use of drugs

Question 5

Define Drug

Answer 5

Any biologically active substance

Question 6

Define medicine

Answer 6

A drug that is deliberately administered for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of a condition or malady

Question 7

Define Rx and where the root word comes from

Answer 7

Rx = perscription, from latin word “recipe” meaning prepare to take. Combining of ingredients to form a medicinal compound. Herbs used frequently

Question 8

Apothecary

Answer 8

Person who combined and dispensed drugs 15-17th century England and18th century America

Question 9

What are some Apothecary measurements that are still used today??

Answer 9

Gallon, quart, pint, and grain

Question 10

How much does a grain equal today?

Answer 10

~60mg=1grain

Question 11

Metric system measurements used today??

Answer 11

Grams, centimeters, and mL

Question 12

Process of Rx from development to you taking it

Answer 12

The Rx is formulated by a drug company, physician prescribes drug, pharmacist dispenses drug to you

Question 13

ATC

Answer 13

Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System. Published in 1967.
The classification system divides drugs into different groups according to organ/system they act and/or their therapeutic and chemical characteristics

Question 14

The ATC classification system uses ______ and _______.

Answer 14

Categories (mechanism of action or structure) and Uses (therapeutic benefits)

Question 15

USP

Answer 15

United States Pharmacopeia which organizes drugs into 41 therapeutic categories(categories broken down into 146 unique groupings)

Question 16

In this class drugs are loosely classified or categorized according to…

Answer 16

mechanism of action, effects, name and chemical configuration, disease or diseases they treat, or for any other reason seem fitted

Question 17

What are the three general medical uses of drugs??

Answer 17

1. ) Treatment (therapeutic)
2. ) Diagnosis
3. ) Prevention

Question 18

Give 3 examples of therapeutic drugs uses

Answer 18

a. ) antibiotics -> infections(bacteria)
b. ) analgesics -> control of pain
c. ) Hormones -> replacement therapy (HRT)

Question 19

Give 2 examples of preventive drug uses

Answer 19

a. ) vaccinations and immunizations

b. ) motion sickness

Question 20

Give 2 examples of diagnosis drug uses

Answer 20

a. ) thallium, exercise stress test

b. ) radiopaque, x ray

Question 21

Name 4 drugs derived from plants

Answer 21

1. ) Digitalis (Lanoxin), derived from foxglove plant, used in heart failure to increase contraction.
2. ) Scopolamine(motion sickness) and Atropine, derived from the belladonna and sometimes used by Italian woman as cosmetics to dilate their eyes.
3. ) ephedrine - used as a bronchodilator and decongestant
4. ) galantamine (reminyl) - derived from daffodil bulbs, treats Alzheimer disease

Question 22

Botox is derived from…

Answer 22

derived from the bacterium that causes botulism

Question 23

Drugs derived from animals…

Answer 23

1. ) Thyroid Hormone
2. ) Premarin
3. ) Insulin - comes from pancreas of cows and pigs

Question 24

Mineral sources

Answer 24

Potassium, lithium, iron, calcium

Radiology: Technetium, Thallium, Barium

Question 25

Drugs were initially found in _____ but today most drugs are made in _____.

Answer 25

nature, labs

Question 26

Before 1906, the phrase “buyer beware” meant…

Answer 26

Before drug laws, many dangerous drugs were available and unregulated. Therapeutic effects were misused or ignored.

Question 27

The book “Drood” by Dan Simmons is a great example of??

Answer 27

Mislabeled dangerous drugs:London underground opium dens of the victorian age (19th century)

Question 28

Movie Tombstone, Mattie is a abusing which drug?? Mislabeled and dangerous drugs

Answer 28

Laudanum (used in surgery for pain, misused by Mattie)

Question 29

Bateman’s original pectoral drops and Mrs. Winslow’s soothing syrup are good examples of mislabeled dangerous drugs filed with…

Answer 29

Large amounts of morphine, cocaine, and alcohol

Question 30

Define the term “patent medication”

Answer 30

medical compounds of questionable effectiveness sold under a variety of names and labels. Sold out of cars and wagons, no federal regulation

Question 31

Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906, “Willey Act”

Answer 31

Food manufacturers must use pure ingredients and accurate labeling. !st federal legislation

Question 32

Harrison Narcotic at of 1914

Answer 32

Cocaine and heroin were regulated by this law, taxation and regulation of interstate commerce

Question 33

FDCA

Answer 33

The Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act of 1938: No new drugs can be marketed until proved safe for use under the conditions described on the lablel and approved by the FDA

Question 34

Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act

Answer 34

FDCA 1938. Now drug marketing tell its proven safe under FDA conditions

Question 35

What law currently regulates drug quality??

Answer 35

The Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act of 1938

Question 36

Which drug replaced the Wiley Act (Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906)?

Answer 36

FDCA of 1938

Question 37

The FDCA established the creation of what Administration??

Answer 37

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) - mandating pure ingredients and safety tests on proposed new drugs

Question 38

What did the thalidomide tragedy cause in the 1960s??

Answer 38

Responsible for a serious birth defect in thousands of infants mostly in Europe.
Introducing the Kefauver Harris Amendment or Drug Efficacy Amendment of 1962 (“proof of efficacy”/side effects requirment)

Question 39

Who Is Dr. Frances Kelsey??

Answer 39

The Dr. that prevented Thalidomide from being approved in the US. Saved a generation from birth defects

Question 40

What is the responsibility of the FDA??

Answer 40

To protect and promote public health throught the regulation and supervision of food safety, drugs, tobacco products, etc…(also enforces other laws - sanitation on interstate travel and control of disease on products)

Question 41

The FDA has what authority??

Answer 41

To pull a drug off the market or force manufacturers to correct misleading advertising about their drugs

Question 42

Once a drug is recalled, it becomes the responsibility of the manufacturer to inform…

Answer 42

Hospitals, Doctors, pharmacists, and consumers

Question 43

What did the Prescription Drug Amendment of 1951 address??

Answer 43

Defining prescription drugs as those that are require supervision of an MD and OTC drugs as those that didnt

Question 44

The Controlled Substances Act (CSA) 1970 did what??

Answer 44

Under the CSA, all drugs are categorized into one of five “schedules”.

Question 45

A substance’s scheduling is based on three factors…

Answer 45

1. ) its medicinal value
2. ) its possible harmfulness to human health
3. ) its potential for abuse or addiction

Question 46

Schedule I is the most ______ and Schedule V is the least ______.

Answer 46

Dangerous and no recognized medical use, least dangerous

Question 47

Dietary Supplements and Health Education Act of 1994

Answer 47

Worst drug legislation to date. Manufacturers are liable for their dietary supplements and health foods, they can make whetever unproven claim they wish and be sold at any venue

Question 48

FDA Modernization Act of 1997 signed by Pres. Clinton…

Answer 48

Drugs used in life threatening situations became the focus of the law, leading to shortened approval times or for “off-label” purposes