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Pharm List Flashcards

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1
Q

Brand Name Acetaminophen

A

Tylenol and Tempra

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2
Q

Classification of Acetaminophen

A

-Analgesic
-Antipytretic

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3
Q

Mechanism of Action

A

-Inhibits the prostaglandin synthesis which produces analgesic effect.
-Acts on the hypothalamic heat regulating center.

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4
Q

Indications for Acetaminophen

A

-Treatment of mild pain
-Reduced fevers due to infection

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5
Q

Contraindications for Acetaminophen

A

-Hypersensitivity
-Liver disease
-Major burns

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6
Q

What is the dosages for acetaminophen?

A

Adult: 500-1000mg q 4-6 h prn PO
Pediatric: 10-15mg/kg q 4-6 h prn PO

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7
Q

What are the side effects of acetaminophen?

A

None if given proper dose

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8
Q

What are the precaution(s) for acetaminophen?

A

Acetaminophen is commonly seen in overdoses and may cause severe hepatic damage.

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9
Q

Brand names for Acetylsalicylic Acid

A

-ASA
-Asprin

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10
Q

What are the classifications of Acetylsalicylic?

A

-Anti-platelet
-NSAID (non-steroidal inflammatory drug

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11
Q

What is the mechanism of action for Acetylsalicylic Acid?

A

Inactivates the cyclooxyrgenase (COX) enzyme which decreases the production of prostaglandins in the tissue, blocking the pain receptors sensitivity and decrease inflammation. Due to this inactivation of COX, thrombin A2 production is also inhibited, which is responsible for platelet aggregation.

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12
Q

what are the indication(s) for Acetylsalicylic acid?

A

-Acute Coronary Syndrome

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13
Q

What are the contraindications for acetylsalicylic acid?

A

-GI bleed
-Asthmatic sensitive to ASA
-Hypersensitivity

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14
Q

What is the dosage for acetylsalicylic acid?

A

-160-325mg PO (chewed)

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15
Q

What are the side effects for acetylsalicylic acid?

A

-Indigestion
-Gastric bleeding
-Urticaria
-Anaphylaxis
-Nausea
-Vomiting

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16
Q

What are the precaution(s) for acetylsalicylic acid?

A

-Patients on other platelet inhibitors

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17
Q

What is the classification(s) for D50W?

A

-Carbohydrate

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18
Q

What is the mechanism of action for D50W?

A

-Increases blood glucoses levels.
-Hypertonic solution producing a transient movement from interstitial spaces into the venous system.

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19
Q

What is the indication(s) for D50W?

A

-Hypoglycaemia

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20
Q

What are the contraindication(s) for D50W?

A

-Hyperglycaemia

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21
Q

What is the dosages for D50W?

A

-Adult: 25g IVP, may repeat once
-Peds: 0.5-1g/kg slow IVP, dilute 1:1 with sterile water forming D25W (NS can be used if sterile not available)

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22
Q

What are the side effects of D50W?

A

-Phlebitis
-Tissue necrosis (if infiltration occurs)
-rebound hyperglycaemia

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23
Q

What are the precautions for D50W?

A

-Tissue necrosis if infiltration occurs
-May precipitate sever neurological symptoms in alcoholics (thiamine should be considered prior to administration)
-Patients with increased intracranial pressure, may worsen cerebral edema

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24
Q

What is the brand name for Dimenhydrainate?

A

Gravol

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25
What are are the classifications for dimenhydrainate?
-Antiemetic -Antihistamine -Anticholinergic
26
What is the mechanism of action for dimenhydrainate?
-Blocks histamine and Ach raptors in vomiting centres as well as blocks the pathways between the inner ear and the vomiting centre that case nausea and vomiting. -Similar chemical composition to that of diphenhydramine
27
What are the indications for dimenhydrainate?
-Nausea and vomiting may be associated with Ménière’s disease -Relief of prevention of motion sickness and Vertigo
28
What are the contraindication(s) for for dimenhydrainate?
-None
29
What are the dosages for dimenhydrainate?
-Adult: 25-100mg IM q 4h PRN 12.5-50mg IV q 4h PRN -Peds: 1.0mg/kg IV/IM max of 25mg
30
What are the side effects of dimenhydrainate?
-CNS depression -Headache -Anti-muscanrinic (blurred vision, dry mouth,urinary retention, constipation) -Thickened bronchial secretions -Paradoxical excitation can occur in children
31
What are the precaution(s) for dimenhydrainate?
-Pneumonia -Asthmatic attack -Dilute with NS prior to IV administration to avoid vein irritation
32
What is the brand name for diphenhydramine?
-Benadryl
33
What are the classification(s) for diphenhydramine?
-Antihistamine -Anticholingeric
34
What is the mechanism of action for diphenhydramine?
-Competes for free histamine for binding and blocks H1 receptors. -Antagonizes the effects of histamine (HA) receptors, leading to a reduction of the negative symptoms brought on by histamines. -CNS depressant -Has antiemetic properties (H2 histamine receptors in the Gi system)
35
What are the indication(s)for diphenhydramine?
-Allergic and anaphylactic reactions involving respiratory difficulties, edema or severe itching.
36
what are the contraindication(s) for diphenhydramine?
-Hypersensitiviy
37
What is the dosages for diphenhydramine?
-Adult: 25-50mg IV, IM -Peds: 1-2 mg/kg IV, IM (max 50mg)
38
What are the side effect(s) of diphenhydramine?
-Drowsiness -Dizziness -Headaches -Excitable state -Thickening of bronchial secretions -Chest tightness -Reflex tachycardia -Hypotension
39
What are the precaution(s) for diphenhydramine?
-The sedative effects of Benadryl can be potentiated by the administration of CNS depressants, other antihistamines, narcotic and alcohol. -Acute asthma as it may thicken secretions.
40
What is the generic name for Epinephrine?
-Adrenaline
41
What are the classification(s) for epinephrine?
-Sympathomimetic -Adrenergic
42
What is the mechanism of action for epinephrine?
-Stimulates alpha and beta receptors: >Increases heart rate >Increases AV conduction >Increases force of myocardial contractility >Increases vasoconstriction (increases SVR) -Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle (⬇️A/V resistance) -Increases coronary and cerebral blood flow
43
What are the indication(s) for epinephrine?
-Anaphylaxis -Near death asthma -Croup/Stridor (nebulized)
44
What are the contraindication(s) for epinephrine?
-Hypersensitivity -No indications
45
What are the dosage(s) for epinephrine?
-Adult: >Asthma/Anaphylaxis: 0.3-0.5mg IM/SQ 1:1,000 -Peds: >Asthma/Anaphylaxis: 0.02mg/kg >Croup/Stridor: (see chart) 0.5mg/kg 1:1,000 to a max of 5.0mg mixed with NaCl 0.9% to make 5.0ml of solution
46
What are the side effect(s) of epinephrine?
-Anxiety -Headache -HTN -Cardiac dysrhythmias -Tremors -Chest pain -Nausea/vomiting
47
What are the precaution(s) for epinephrine?
-Cardiovascular disease -Elderly patients -Hypertension -Pregnancy
48
What is are the classification(s) of Glucagon?
-Anti-hypoglycemic
49
What is the mechanism of action for glucagon?
-Stimulates the release of glycogen (glucongenesis) from the liver, for glycogenolysis (⬆️blood glucose levels) -Smooth muscle relaxation
50
What the indication(s) for epinephrine?
-Hypoglycemia (BGL < 4.0mmol/L and unable to take oral glucose or IV D50)
51
What are the contraindication(s) for epinephrine?
-Hypersensitivity -Pheochromocytoma
52
What are the dosages for epinephrine?
Adult: 1mg IM, SQ may repeat in 20 minutes required Peds: 0.5mg IM, SQ (<20kg)
53
What are the side effect(s) for epinephrine?
-Nausea/Vomiting -Rebound hyperglycemia -Hypotension -Tachycardia
54
What are the precaution(s) of epinephrine?
-Effectiveonly if there are sufficient stores of glycogen within the liver. -Use with caution in patients with cardiovascular or renal diesease.
55
What is the brand name for Glucose?
-Insta-glucose
56
What are the classification(s) for glucose?
-Sugar
57
What is the mechanism of action for glucose?
-Provides glucose content for regular cell metabolism. -Usually absorbed through mucus membranes.
58
What are the indication(s) for glucose?
-BGL < 4.0mmol/L in a conscious patient who can maintain their own airway. -Confusion with recorded BGL < 4.0mmol/L (an altered LOC)
59
What is the dosage(s) for glucose?
-1 tube (15g) orally/ buccaneers PRN
60
What are the side effect(s)? Of glucose?
-None
61
What are the precaution(s) for glucose?
-None
62
What are the brand names for Ibuprofen?
-Advil -Motrin
63
What are the classification(s) for ibuprofen?
-NSAID (non steroidal anti inflammatory)
64
What is the mechanism of action for ibuprofen?
-Decreases inflammation, pain and fever through inhibition of cyclooxyrgenase (COX) activity and prostaglandin synthesis.
65
What are the indication(s) for ibuprofen?
-Treatment of mild to moderate pain. -Reduction in fever. -Anti-inflammatory.
66
What are the contraindication(s) of ibuprofen?
-Hypersensitivity -ASA induced asthma -Late pregnancy (3rd trimester) -CVA if TBI in previous 24 hours -Major burns -Renal failure or solitary kidney -Age under 6 months
67
What are the dosage(s) for ibuprofen?
-Adults: 200-600mg PO q 6-8 h -Ped: (>6 months): 7.5mg/kg PO 6-8 h
68
What are the side effect(s) of ibuprofen?
-Dizziness -Drowsiness -Light headedness -Peripheral edema -Diarrhea -Nausea/vomiting
69
What are the precaution(s) for ibuprofen?
-Renal impairment -History of GI bleeds -CHF -Elderly patients (>65)
70
What is the brand name for Ipratropium Bromide?
-Atrovent
71
What is the classification(s) for Ipratropium Bromide?
-Anticholinergic
72
What is the mechanism of action for Ipratropium bromide?
-Causes bronchodilation by competitive inhibition of cholinergic receptors on bronchial smooth muscle. -Blocks the action of acetylcholine, which inhibits parasympathetic stimulation, thus decreasing bronchial secretions. -Dries respiratory tract secretions
73
What are the indication(s) for Ipratropium bromide?
-Bronchial asthma -Bronchospasm associated with COPD
74
What are the contraindication(s) for Ipratropium bromide?
-Known hypersensitivity -Is not indicated for acute treatment of bronchospasm for which rapid response is required -Ischemic chest pain -Acute narrow angle glaucoma
75
what are the dosages for Ipratropium bromide?
-Adults: >250-500 mcg mixed with Ventolin q 20 minutes x 3 >2-4 puffs q 20 minutes x3 -Peds: >125-250 mcg mixed with Ventolin and/or NS to minimum of 2cc >1-2 puffs
76
What are the side effect(s) of Ipratropium bromide?
-Palpitations -Anxiety -Dizziness -Headache -Nervousness -Rash -Nausea/Vomiting
77
What are the precaution(s) for Ipratropium bromide?
-Narrow angle glaucoma and patients with BPH and or bladder-neck obstruction.
78
What is the brand name for ketorolac?
Toradol
79
What are the classification(s) for ketorolac?
-Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory
80
What is the mechanism of action for ketorolac?
-Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis producing peripherally mediated analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic effects. -At analgesic doses little anti inflammatory or antipyretic seen. -Acts peripherally verse narcotics, which acts upon the CNS therefore, no CNS depression.
81
What are the indication(s) for ketorolac?
-Treatment of moderate to severe pain (major burns, CA pain, renal colic, neck/back)
82
What are the contraindication(s) for ketorolac?
-Hypersensitivity to ASA or NSAID. -Asthmatics due to bronchospactic activity. -Renal impairment. -Pt’s at risk for bleeding as ketorolac inhibits platelet function thereby increasing bleeding time for: >Trauma/GI bleed >CVA/TBI < 24hrs
83
What is the dosages for ketorolac?
-Adults: 30-60mg IM/IV q 4-6 h max, 120mg/day -Peds > 6 months: 0.5mg/kg IM/IV q 4-6 h, max 30mg/dose and 0.5mg/kg/day
84
what are the side effect(s) for ketorolac?
-Dizziness -Headache -Drowsiness -Bronchospasm -Heartburn -Nausea -Diarrhea -Renal failure -Edema -Rash
85
What are the precaution(s) for ketorolac?
-HTN, CHF, Elderly. -Hepatic insufficiency. -GI tract irritation and hemorrhage with long term use.
86
What is the brand name for metoclopramide?
-Maxeran
87
What is the classification(s) for metoclopramide?
-Antiemetic
88
What is the mechanism of action for metoclopramide?
-Antagonizes central and peripheral dopamine receptors, as well as 5HT4 receptors agonistic properties, which raises the threshold of activity in the chemoreceptor trigger zone,resulting in antiemetic effects. -Increases the amplitude and tone of gastric contractions, increases peristalsis and causes accelerated gastric emptying and intestinal transit.
89
What are the indication(s) for metoclopramide?
-Treatment of nausea and vomiting -Migraines headaches
90
What are the contraindication(s) for metoclopramide?
-Hypersensitivity -GI hemorrhage, mechanical obstruction or perforation -Pheochromocytoma (my cause HTN crisis) -Seizure disorder -Patients receiving medication s that put them at risk for extrapyramidal such as haloperidol and fluphenazine.
91
what are the dosages for metoclopramide?
-Adults: 10mg IV/IM/SQ q 4-6 h -Peds: 0.15mg/kg IM/IV max 10mg
92
What are the side effect(s) of metoclopramide?
-Drowsiness -Fatigue -Sedation -Dizziness -Mental depression -Hypertension -Hypotension -Tachycardia -Bradycardia -Diarrhea
93
What are the precaution(s) for metoclopramide?
-Hx of epilepsy or Parkinson’s disease (potential for exacerbation of their conditions). -Anticholinergic drugs antagonize the effects of Maxeran on GI motility. -Sedative effects of the drug can be potentiated by other CNS depressants. -May cause extra pyramidal symptoms, treat with 50mg diphenhydramine.
94
What is the brand name for Naloxone?
-Narcan
95
What are the classification(s) for naloxone?
-Narcotic antagonist
96
What is the mechanism of action for naloxone?
-Displaces opioids from receptors, reversing effects of the narcotic overdose.
97
What are the indication(s) for naloxone?
-Decreased LOC and respiratory depression in a suspected opioid overdose.
98
What are the contraindication(s) for naloxone?
-Allergy of known sensitivity.
99
What are the dosages for naloxone?
-Adult: 0.4-2.0mg IV/IN/IM/SC q 2-3 mins PRN -Peds: 0.1mg/kg IV/IN/IM/SC q 2-3 mins PRN , max 2.0mg per dose
100
What are the side effect(s) of naloxone?
-Seizures -Dizziness -Headaches -Tremulousness -Tachycardia -Hypotension -Hypertension -Nausea/Vomiting
101
What are the precaution(s) for naloxone?
-Use cautiously in patients dependent on opioids, acute withdrawal may occur. -Cardiac collapse in patients postoperative with cardiac dysfunction, or patients on cardio toxic medications. -Administer cautiously as patients may expire next withdrawl symptoms or aggressive behaviour.
102
What is the brand name for nitroglycerin?
-Nitro-Dur
103
What are the classification(s) for Nitroglycerin?
-Anti-angina -Vascular smooth muscle relaxer -Vasodilator
104
What is the mechanism of action for nitroglycerin?
-relaxes vascular smooth muscles, there by dilating the veins and arterioles (at higher doses), causing blood pooling, which reduces the preload thus decreasing workload of the heart muscles -Reduces left ventricular systolic wall tension, which decreases after load.
105
What’s are the indication(s) for nitroglycerin?
-Possible ischemia due to ACS (acute coronary syndrome): >Unstable angina >AMI (Acute myocardial infarction) -Pulmonary edema/CHF
106
What are the contraindication(s) for nitroglycerin?
-Hypotension (<90mmHg) -Severe bradycardia/tachycardia (<50 or >150 bpm) -Increase ICP(intracranial pressure) or intracranial dysfunction medications. -Patients taking erectile dysfunction medications: >Viagra within 24 hours >Cialis, Levitin, staxyn within 36 hours
107
What is the dosage for Nitroglycerin?
-0.4mg SL q 5 min
108
What are the side effect(s) of nitroglycerin?
-Headaches -Hypotension -Bradycardia -Postural syncope -Weakness -Dizziness -Nausea/Vomiting -Reflex tachycardia
109
What are the precaution(s) for nitroglycerin?
-administration to right ventricular infarction patients, due to preload dependency, can result in hypotension.
110
What are the brand name(s) for nitrous oxide?
-Nitronox -Entonox
111
What are the classification(s) for nitrous oxide?
-Analgesic gas
112
What is the mechanism of action for nitrous oxide?
-Blended mixture of 50% o2 and 50% N2O that has potent analgesic effects. -CNS depressant with analgesic properties -Effects last only 2-5 minutes after administration ceases.
113
What are the indication(s) for nitrous oxide?
-Acute pain associated with MSK injury, ACS, renal colic perinatal, burns and ABD pain. -Temporary relief of mild to moderate pain from painful procedures such as splinting. -Acute anxiety
114
What are the contraindication(s) for nitrous oxide?
-Patient cannot comprehend verbal instructions or who are intoxicated -Gas trapping conditions: >possible bowel obstruction >air embolism >pneumothorax >middle ear infection >decompression sickness -COPD or signs of respiratory distress including SaO2 <90% -Head injury -Altered LOC
115
What is the dosage for nitrous oxide?
-Self-administered
116
What are the side effect(s)of nitrous oxide?
-Dizziness -Light headedness -Altered mental status -Hallucinations -Apnea -Nausea/Vomiting
117
What are the precaution(s) for nitrous oxide?
-Use in well ventilated area (inhalation by provider is possible) -Anytime > 50% oxygen is required -Gases may separate at -6 degrees Celsius
118
What is the brand name for salbutamol ?
-Ventolin
119
What is the classification for salbutamol?
-Bronchodilator -Sympathomimetic B2 agonist
120
What is the mechanism of action for salbutamol?
-Selective B2 stimulation allows for smooth muscle relaxation of the bronchioles. Also has some B1 affects causing an increase in HR.
121
What are the indication(s) for salbutamol?
-Bronchoconstriction (wheeze) with SOB.
122
What are the contraindication(s) for salbutamol?
-Hypersensitivity -Ischemic chest pain (relative)
123
What are they dosage for salbutamol?
-Adults: >5.0mg aerosol >400-600 mcg (4-6 puffs) via MDI (1 poufs q 30 sec) -Peds (10-30kg): >2.5mg Aerosol >200-300 mcg (2-3 puffs) via MDI (1 puff q 30 sec) -Infant (<10kg): >1.25mg via Aerosol
124
What are the side effect(s) for salbutamol?
-Hypertension -Tachycardia -Muscle cramps -Dry nose and throat -Headache
125
What are the precaution(s) for salbutamol?
-Pt’s with pulmonary edema (cardiac in origin)
126
What is the brand name for tetracaine?
-Tetcaine
127
What is the classification for tetracaine?
-Topical anesthetic
128
What is the mechanism of action for tetracaine?
-Topical ophthalmic anesthetic to allow for flushing of an eye by removing the blink reflex.
129
What are the indication(s) for tetracaine?
-To facilitate eye flushing
130
What are the contraindication(s) for tetracaine?
-Hypersensitivity to local anesthetic s (Caine family) -Possible penetrating eye injury
131
What is the dosage for tetracaine?
-2-3 drops in affected eye -Once treatment is done, moist gauze should be placed over eye until blink reflex returns
132
What are the side effects of tetracaine?
-May briefly increase irritation
133
What are the precaution(s) for tetracaine?
-May cause blurred vision

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