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Pharm GI meds Flashcards

1
Q

major side effects of magnesium hydroxide

A

diarrhea

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2
Q

magnesium hydroxide trade name

A

mag-ox 400

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3
Q

aluminum hydroxide trade name

A

alternagel

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4
Q

aluminum hydroxide major side effects

A

-constipation
-metabolic alkalosis

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5
Q

calcium carbonate trade name

A

TUMS

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6
Q

calcium carbonate major side effects

A
  • rebound hyperactivity (d/t long duration of acid action)
  • kidney stones
  • constipation
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7
Q

antacids moa

A
  • reduces acid concentration
  • raises pH of gastric and esophageal secretions
  • NEUTRALIZES STOMACH ACID
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8
Q

reasons for taking antacids

A

-GERD
-gastritis
-gastric/duodenal ulcers

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9
Q

who is aluminum hydroxide recommended for

A

pts w renal disease

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10
Q

magnesium hydroxide nursing considerations

A

-dangerous when used w/ renal failure (cannot excrete magnesium)

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11
Q

sodium bicarbonate moa

A

buffers the acidic properties of HCL

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12
Q

sodium bicarbonate side effects

A

-metabolic alkalosis
-sodium content may increase in fluid retention w/ HF, HTN, or renal insufficiency

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13
Q

sodium bicarbonate nursing consideration

A
  • quick onset, short duration
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14
Q

famotidine trade name

A

pepcid

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15
Q

famotidine class

A

h2 receptor antagonist

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16
Q

h2 receptor antagonist moa

A

reduces secretion of gastric acid

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17
Q

reasons for taking h2 receptor antagonists

A
  • heartburn
  • gerd
  • gi ulcer
  • ng tube
  • prophylaxis inpatient care
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18
Q

major side effects of famotidine

A
  • H/A
  • confusion
  • reversible impotence
19
Q

famotidine nursing considerations

A
  • can increase levels of warfarin, benzodiazepines, dilantin, & theophylline, causing toxic levels
  • assess for allergies and impaired renal or liver function PRIOR to admin
  • smoking decreases effectiveness of h2 blockers
  • do not abruptly d/c
  • rapid action, lasts 12 hrs
  • used before ppis
  • do not admin concurrently w antacids
20
Q

omeprazole trade name

21
Q

omeprazole class

A

proton pump inhibitor (PPI)

22
Q

ppi moa

A

suppression of acid

23
Q

reasons for taking ppis

A

short term therapy for:
- PUD
- GERD

24
Q

side effects of omeprazole

A
  • h/a
  • nausea
  • diarrhea
  • abd pain
25
omeprazole nursing considerations
- delayed response, lats up to 24 hr - takes 6-8 weeks for full therapeutic effects - long term use increases risk for osteoporosis/bone fractures d/t the decrease in calcium absorption - long term use may impair b12 absorption, which may lead to pernicious anemia - can increase levels of warfarin, benzodiazepines, & dilantin, causing toxic levels
26
ondansetron trade name
zofran
27
ondansetron class
serotonin receptor antagonist
28
serotonin receptor antagonist moa
targets serotonin receptors at the CTZ (responsible for the sensation of nausea) and in the stomach
29
reasons for taking ondansetron
- preventative for nausea associated with chemotherapy - pre/postop n/v
30
major side effects of ondansetron
- prolonged qt - drowsiness - sedation - constipation/diarrhea
31
ondansetron nursing considerations
- note changes in baseline cardiac rhythm - weigh chemo pt daily (dose adjusted w weight loss) - alternate route of admin for vomiting pts
32
who should avoid ondansetron?
- CNS depression - long QT syndrome
33
promethazine trade name
phenergan
34
promethazine class
antiemetics - phenothiazines
35
phenothiazine moa
blocks dopamine receptors on the ctz, calming the cns
36
reason for taking promethazine
- nausea - psychotic disorders
37
promethazine side effects
- sedation - eps
38
promethazine nursing considerations
- mixed w opioids to potentate effects - monitor for eps- twitching, lip smacking, eye blinking, grimacing, tremors - consider alternate route if pt is vomiting
39
sulfasalazine trade name
azulfidine
40
sulfasalazine class
anti-inflammatory drugs
41
reasons for taking sulfasalazine
- crohn's - ulcerative colitis
42
side effects of sulfasalazine
- n/v/d - gi upset - h/a - decreased wbcs
43
sulfasalazine nursing considerations
- first line drug therapy for IBD - may increase r/f hypoglycemia in pts on sulfonylureas - divided doses decrease adverse effects - best taken on empty stomach - stay hydrated d/t crystalluria - wear long sleeves d/t photosensitivity

pharm II (11 decks)

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