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pharm II > Pharm GI meds > Flashcards

Pharm GI meds Flashcards

1
Q

major side effects of magnesium hydroxide

A

diarrhea

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2
Q

magnesium hydroxide trade name

A

mag-ox 400

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3
Q

aluminum hydroxide trade name

A

alternagel

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4
Q

aluminum hydroxide major side effects

A

-constipation
-metabolic alkalosis

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5
Q

calcium carbonate trade name

A

TUMS

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6
Q

calcium carbonate major side effects

A
  • rebound hyperactivity (d/t long duration of acid action)
  • kidney stones
  • constipation
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7
Q

antacids moa

A
  • reduces acid concentration
  • raises pH of gastric and esophageal secretions
  • NEUTRALIZES STOMACH ACID
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8
Q

reasons for taking antacids

A

-GERD
-gastritis
-gastric/duodenal ulcers

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9
Q

who is aluminum hydroxide recommended for

A

pts w renal disease

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10
Q

magnesium hydroxide nursing considerations

A

-dangerous when used w/ renal failure (cannot excrete magnesium)

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11
Q

sodium bicarbonate moa

A

buffers the acidic properties of HCL

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12
Q

sodium bicarbonate side effects

A

-metabolic alkalosis
-sodium content may increase in fluid retention w/ HF, HTN, or renal insufficiency

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13
Q

sodium bicarbonate nursing consideration

A
  • quick onset, short duration
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14
Q

famotidine trade name

A

pepcid

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15
Q

famotidine class

A

h2 receptor antagonist

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16
Q

h2 receptor antagonist moa

A

reduces secretion of gastric acid

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17
Q

reasons for taking h2 receptor antagonists

A
  • heartburn
  • gerd
  • gi ulcer
  • ng tube
  • prophylaxis inpatient care
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18
Q

major side effects of famotidine

A
  • H/A
  • confusion
  • reversible impotence
19
Q

famotidine nursing considerations

A
  • can increase levels of warfarin, benzodiazepines, dilantin, & theophylline, causing toxic levels
  • assess for allergies and impaired renal or liver function PRIOR to admin
  • smoking decreases effectiveness of h2 blockers
  • do not abruptly d/c
  • rapid action, lasts 12 hrs
  • used before ppis
  • do not admin concurrently w antacids
20
Q

omeprazole trade name

A

prilosec

21
Q

omeprazole class

A

proton pump inhibitor (PPI)

22
Q

ppi moa

A

suppression of acid

23
Q

reasons for taking ppis

A

short term therapy for:
- PUD
- GERD

24
Q

side effects of omeprazole

A
  • h/a
  • nausea
  • diarrhea
  • abd pain
25
Q

omeprazole nursing considerations

A
  • delayed response, lats up to 24 hr
  • takes 6-8 weeks for full therapeutic effects
  • long term use increases risk for osteoporosis/bone fractures d/t the decrease in calcium absorption
  • long term use may impair b12 absorption, which may lead to pernicious anemia
  • can increase levels of warfarin, benzodiazepines, & dilantin, causing toxic levels
26
Q

ondansetron trade name

A

zofran

27
Q

ondansetron class

A

serotonin receptor antagonist

28
Q

serotonin receptor antagonist moa

A

targets serotonin receptors at the CTZ (responsible for the sensation of nausea) and in the stomach

29
Q

reasons for taking ondansetron

A
  • preventative for nausea associated with chemotherapy
  • pre/postop n/v
30
Q

major side effects of ondansetron

A
  • prolonged qt
  • drowsiness
  • sedation
  • constipation/diarrhea
31
Q

ondansetron nursing considerations

A
  • note changes in baseline cardiac rhythm
  • weigh chemo pt daily (dose adjusted w weight loss)
  • alternate route of admin for vomiting pts
32
Q

who should avoid ondansetron?

A
  • CNS depression
  • long QT syndrome
33
Q

promethazine trade name

A

phenergan

34
Q

promethazine class

A

antiemetics
- phenothiazines

35
Q

phenothiazine moa

A

blocks dopamine receptors on the ctz, calming the cns

36
Q

reason for taking promethazine

A
  • nausea
  • psychotic disorders
37
Q

promethazine side effects

A
  • sedation
  • eps
38
Q

promethazine nursing considerations

A
  • mixed w opioids to potentate effects
  • monitor for eps- twitching, lip smacking, eye blinking, grimacing, tremors
  • consider alternate route if pt is vomiting
39
Q

sulfasalazine trade name

A

azulfidine

40
Q

sulfasalazine class

A

anti-inflammatory drugs

41
Q

reasons for taking sulfasalazine

A
  • crohn’s
  • ulcerative colitis
42
Q

side effects of sulfasalazine

A
  • n/v/d
  • gi upset
  • h/a
  • decreased wbcs
43
Q

sulfasalazine nursing considerations

A
  • first line drug therapy for IBD
  • may increase r/f hypoglycemia in pts on sulfonylureas
  • divided doses decrease adverse effects
  • best taken on empty stomach
  • stay hydrated d/t crystalluria
  • wear long sleeves d/t photosensitivity

pharm II (11 decks)

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