Pharm GI meds Flashcards
major side effects of magnesium hydroxide
diarrhea
magnesium hydroxide trade name
mag-ox 400
aluminum hydroxide trade name
alternagel
aluminum hydroxide major side effects
-constipation
-metabolic alkalosis
calcium carbonate trade name
TUMS
calcium carbonate major side effects
- rebound hyperactivity (d/t long duration of acid action)
- kidney stones
- constipation
antacids moa
- reduces acid concentration
- raises pH of gastric and esophageal secretions
- NEUTRALIZES STOMACH ACID
reasons for taking antacids
-GERD
-gastritis
-gastric/duodenal ulcers
who is aluminum hydroxide recommended for
pts w renal disease
magnesium hydroxide nursing considerations
-dangerous when used w/ renal failure (cannot excrete magnesium)
sodium bicarbonate moa
buffers the acidic properties of HCL
sodium bicarbonate side effects
-metabolic alkalosis
-sodium content may increase in fluid retention w/ HF, HTN, or renal insufficiency
sodium bicarbonate nursing consideration
- quick onset, short duration
famotidine trade name
pepcid
famotidine class
h2 receptor antagonist
h2 receptor antagonist moa
reduces secretion of gastric acid
reasons for taking h2 receptor antagonists
- heartburn
- gerd
- gi ulcer
- ng tube
- prophylaxis inpatient care
major side effects of famotidine
- H/A
- confusion
- reversible impotence
famotidine nursing considerations
- can increase levels of warfarin, benzodiazepines, dilantin, & theophylline, causing toxic levels
- assess for allergies and impaired renal or liver function PRIOR to admin
- smoking decreases effectiveness of h2 blockers
- do not abruptly d/c
- rapid action, lasts 12 hrs
- used before ppis
- do not admin concurrently w antacids
omeprazole trade name
prilosec
omeprazole class
proton pump inhibitor (PPI)
ppi moa
suppression of acid
reasons for taking ppis
short term therapy for:
- PUD
- GERD
side effects of omeprazole
- h/a
- nausea
- diarrhea
- abd pain
omeprazole nursing considerations
- delayed response, lats up to 24 hr
- takes 6-8 weeks for full therapeutic effects
- long term use increases risk for osteoporosis/bone fractures d/t the decrease in calcium absorption
- long term use may impair b12 absorption, which may lead to pernicious anemia
- can increase levels of warfarin, benzodiazepines, & dilantin, causing toxic levels
ondansetron trade name
zofran
ondansetron class
serotonin receptor antagonist
serotonin receptor antagonist moa
targets serotonin receptors at the CTZ (responsible for the sensation of nausea) and in the stomach
reasons for taking ondansetron
- preventative for nausea associated with chemotherapy
- pre/postop n/v
major side effects of ondansetron
- prolonged qt
- drowsiness
- sedation
- constipation/diarrhea
ondansetron nursing considerations
- note changes in baseline cardiac rhythm
- weigh chemo pt daily (dose adjusted w weight loss)
- alternate route of admin for vomiting pts
who should avoid ondansetron?
- CNS depression
- long QT syndrome
promethazine trade name
phenergan
promethazine class
antiemetics
- phenothiazines
phenothiazine moa
blocks dopamine receptors on the ctz, calming the cns
reason for taking promethazine
- nausea
- psychotic disorders
promethazine side effects
- sedation
- eps
promethazine nursing considerations
- mixed w opioids to potentate effects
- monitor for eps- twitching, lip smacking, eye blinking, grimacing, tremors
- consider alternate route if pt is vomiting
sulfasalazine trade name
azulfidine
sulfasalazine class
anti-inflammatory drugs
reasons for taking sulfasalazine
- crohn’s
- ulcerative colitis
side effects of sulfasalazine
- n/v/d
- gi upset
- h/a
- decreased wbcs
sulfasalazine nursing considerations
- first line drug therapy for IBD
- may increase r/f hypoglycemia in pts on sulfonylureas
- divided doses decrease adverse effects
- best taken on empty stomach
- stay hydrated d/t crystalluria
- wear long sleeves d/t photosensitivity
