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Pharm > Pharm Final > Flashcards

Pharm Final Flashcards

1
Q

gentamicin

A

Aminoglycoside (protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotic)
Gram negative infections
Bactericidal
Mechanism- cause misreading of mRNA, errors in amino acid sequence.

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2
Q

benzamine penicillin

A

Penicillin (Beta-lactam antibiotic)
Natural penicillin (IM with slow release)
Primarily gram pos, some gram neg
Susceptible to beta-lactamase

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3
Q

amoxicillin

A 
amino penicillin (beta-lactam)
Improved activity against gram pos and gram neg relative to natural penicillins, but susceptible to beta-lactamase
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4
Q

piperacillin

A

Extended spectrum penicillin (Beta-lactam antibiotic)
Same as amino penicillin but additional gram neg
Generally used with tazobactam (beta lactamase inhibitor) for more serious infections

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5
Q

cefazolin

A

Cephalosporin antibiotic (binds covalently to transpeptidases- enzymes involved with cross linking of the peptidoglycan strands of bacterial cell wall)
1st gen
Activity against many gram positives (skin infections, surgical prophylaxis)

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6
Q

cefuroxime

A

Cephalosporin antibiotic (binds covalently to transpeptidases- enzymes involved with cross linking of the peptidoglycan strands of bacterial cell wall)
2nd gen
Increased gram neg coverage, less gram positive (respiratory infections)

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7
Q

ceftriaxone

A

Cephalosporin antibiotic (binds covalently to transpeptidases- enzymes involved with cross linking of the peptidoglycan strands of bacterial cell wall)
3rd gen
Extended gram neg activity (pneumonia, meningitis)

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8
Q

cefepime

A 
Cephalosporin antibiotic (binds covalently to transpeptidases- enzymes involved with cross linking of the peptidoglycan strands of bacterial cell wall) 
4th gen 
Good gram positive and gram negative coverage- broad spectrum (pseudomonas)
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9
Q

ceftaroline

A

Cephalosporin antibiotic (binds covalently to transpeptidases- enzymes involved with cross linking of the peptidoglycan strands of bacterial cell wall)
5th gen
Broadest spectrum
Active against drug resistant strains (MRSA)

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10
Q

aztreonam

A

Monobactam (beta-lactam antibiotic)
narrow spectrum, effective against aerobic gram neg
Can be used in pts that have displayed Type 1 hypersensitivity reactions to other beta-lactams

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11
Q

Imipenem-cilastatin

A

Carbapenem (beta-lactam antibiotic)
Broad spectrum: active against gram neg and gram pos
Cilastatin inhibits renal enzyme that metabolizes the drug

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12
Q

clavulonic acid

A

Beta lactamase inhibitor antibiotic

often combined with amoxicillin

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13
Q

tazobactam

A

Beta lactamase inhibitor antibiotic

often combined with piperacillin

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14
Q

Vancomycin

A

Glycopeptide (prevents crosslinking by binding to peptide portion of peptidoglycan, antibiotic)
Active primarily against gram positive
Used for serious infections resistant to beta-lactams
Red man syndrome

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15
Q

azithromycin

A

macrolide (protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotic)
Mechanism- prevents translocation from A site (amino acid binding site) to P site (protein binding site), preventing protein synthesis.

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16
Q

clindamycin

A

lincosamide (protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotic)
Prevents peptide bond formation
Used in staph and strep infections and can be used in pts allergic to beta lactams

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17
Q

doxycycline

A

tetracycline (protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotic)
block tRNA binding to 30S subunit
Broad spectrum bacteriostatic

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18
Q

metronidazole

A

nitroimidazole (DNA damaging antibiotic)
mechanism: when reduced, creates cytotoxic free radicals leading to DNA strand breakage
anaerobic bacteria (narrow spectrum)
Bactericidal

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19
Q

levofloxacin

A 
fluoroquinolone antibiotic (DNA damaging)
mechanism: topoisomerase inhibitor (relax supercoiled DNA by allowing strands to pass through one another)
Bactericidal 
Black box warning for tendon rupture
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20
Q

ciprofloxacin

A 
fluoroquinolone antibiotic (DNA damaging)
mechanism: topoisomerase inhibitor (relax supercoiled DNA by allowing strands to pass through one another)
Bactericidal 
Black box warning for tendon rupture
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21
Q

sulfamethoxazole

A 
sulfonamide antibiotic (DNA synthesis inhibitor)
target a synthetic pathway not needed in humans for folate metabolism 
Bacteriostatic and broad spectrum
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22
Q

trimethoprim

A

antibiotic
DNA synthesis inhibitor
in folate metabolism inhibits bacterial DHFR about 50,000x more selectively compared to human

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23
Q

morphine

A

Opiate (analgesic)

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24
Q

fentanyl

A

Opiate (analgesic)

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25
Q

tramadol

A

Opiate (analgesic)

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26
Q

naloxone

A

Opiate antagonist in analgesic section

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27
Q

aspirin

A

NSAID (analgesic)

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28
Q

ibuprofen

A

NSAID (analgesic)

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29
Q

naproxen

A

NSAID (analgesic)

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30
Q

acetaminophen

A

analgesic

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31
Q

amiodarone

A

Class III antiarrhythmic

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32
Q

diltiazam

A

Class IV antiarrhythmic

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33
Q

doxorubicin

A

antitumor antibiotic; phase nonspecific (antineoplastic drug)

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34
Q

bleomycin

A

antitumor antibiotic; phase nonspecific (antineoplastic drug)

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35
Q

methotrexate

A

folate analog, S phase specific (antineoplastic drug)

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36
Q

imitinib

A

kinase inhibitor (antineoplastic drug)

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37
Q

acyclovir

A

Anti-HSV drug (antiviral)

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38
Q

oseltamivir

A

Anti-influenza drug (antiviral)

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39
Q

fluconazole

A

antifungal

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40
Q

terbinafine

A

antifungal

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41
Q

atropine

A

antimuscarinic (autonomic pharmacology)

42
Q

scopolamine

A

antimuscarinic (autonomic pharmacology)

43
Q

neostigmine

A

anticholinesterase (autonomic pharmacology)

44
Q

tolterodine

A

bladder control (autonomic pharmacology)

45
Q

atorvastatin

A

statin (cholesterol medications)

46
Q

simvastatin

A

statin (cholesterol medications)

47
Q

enoxaparin

A

heparin; anticoagulant (clotting)

48
Q

unfractionated heparin

A

heparin; anticoagulant (clotting)

49
Q

warfarin

A

anticoagulant (clotting)

50
Q

rivaroxaban

A

Factor Xa inhibitor (clotting)

51
Q

propranalol

A

beta blocker (coronary heart disease)

52
Q

metoprolol

A

beta blocker (coronary heart disease)

53
Q

amlodipine

A

CCBs (coronary heart disease)

54
Q

prednisone

A

corticosteroid

55
Q

dexamethasone

A

corticosteroid

56
Q

metformin

A

diabetes

57
Q

lispro

A

insulin preparations (diabetes)

58
Q

regular

A

insulin preparations (diabetes)

59
Q

NPH

A

insulin preparations (diabetes)

60
Q

glargine

A

insulin preparations (diabetes)

61
Q

glimepiride

A

Sulfonylureas (diabetes)

62
Q

rosaglitizone

A

Thiazolidinediones (TZD’s) (diabetes)

63
Q

liraglutide

A

GLP-1 agonist; Incretin-related drug (diabetes)

64
Q

sitagliptin

A

DPP-4 inhibitor; Incretin-related drug (diabetes)

65
Q

empagliflozin

A

SGLT2 inhibitor (diabetes)

66
Q

omeprazole

A

proton pump inhibitor; Anti-PUD/GERD (GI pharmacology)

67
Q

famotidine

A

histamine receptor antagonist (GI pharmacology)

68
Q

ondansetron

A

serotonin receptor antagonist; visceral nausea (GI pharmacology)

69
Q

digoxin

A

digitalis glycoside (heart failure)

70
Q

lisinopril

A

ACE inhibitor (heart failure)

71
Q

valsartan

A

ARB (heart failure)

72
Q

candesartan

A

ARB (heart failure)

73
Q

losartan

A

ARB (heart failure)

74
Q

spironolactone

A

aldosterone antagonist (heart failure)
ALSO
potassium sparing diuretic (hypertension)

75
Q

furosemide

A 
loop diuretic (heart failure)
ALSO
loop diuretic (hypertension)
76
Q

hydrochlorathiazide

A

thiazide diuretic (hypertension)

77
Q

diltiazam

A

CCB (hypertension)

78
Q

amlodipine

A

CCB (hypertension)

79
Q

lisinopril

A

ACE inhibitor; angiotensin-related agent (hypertension)

80
Q

losartan

A

Angiotensin receptor blocker; angiotensin-related agent (hypertension)

81
Q

valsartan

A

Angiotensin receptor blocker; angiotensin-related agent (hypertension)

82
Q

clonidine

A

alpha2 adrenergic agonist (hypertension)

83
Q

methotrexate

A

folate analog (immunopharmacology)

84
Q

cyclosporine

A

calcineurin inhibitor (immunopharmacology)

85
Q

succinylcholine

A

muscle relaxant

86
Q

rocuronium

A

muscle relaxant

87
Q

alendronate

A

bisphosphonate (osteoporosis)

88
Q

zolendronate

A

bisphosphonate (osteoporosis)

89
Q

ethyl estradiol

A

oral contraceptive (reproductive pharmacology)

90
Q

levonergestrel

A

oral contraceptive (reproductive pharmacology)

91
Q

tamulosin

A

benign prostatic hyperplasia (reproductive pharmacology)

92
Q

sildenafil

A

ED (reproductive pharmacology)

93
Q

tadalafil

A

ED (reproductive pharmacology)

94
Q

albuterol

A

short acting beta2 adrenergic agonist (respiratory pharm)

95
Q

salmeterol

A

long acting beta2 adrenergic agonist (respiratory pharm)

96
Q

fluticasone

A

glucocorticoid; inhalant (respiratory pharm)

97
Q

budesonide

A

glucocorticoid; inhalant (respiratory pharm)

98
Q

montelukast

A

leukotriene antagonist (respiratory pharm)

99
Q

levothyroxine

A

synthetic T4 (thyroid medication)

100
Q

methimazole

A

thyroid medication

Pharm (2 decks)

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