Pharm Final Flashcards
gentamicin
Aminoglycoside (protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotic)
Gram negative infections
Bactericidal
Mechanism- cause misreading of mRNA, errors in amino acid sequence.
benzamine penicillin
Penicillin (Beta-lactam antibiotic)
Natural penicillin (IM with slow release)
Primarily gram pos, some gram neg
Susceptible to beta-lactamase
amoxicillin
amino penicillin (beta-lactam) Improved activity against gram pos and gram neg relative to natural penicillins, but susceptible to beta-lactamase
piperacillin
Extended spectrum penicillin (Beta-lactam antibiotic)
Same as amino penicillin but additional gram neg
Generally used with tazobactam (beta lactamase inhibitor) for more serious infections
cefazolin
Cephalosporin antibiotic (binds covalently to transpeptidases- enzymes involved with cross linking of the peptidoglycan strands of bacterial cell wall)
1st gen
Activity against many gram positives (skin infections, surgical prophylaxis)
cefuroxime
Cephalosporin antibiotic (binds covalently to transpeptidases- enzymes involved with cross linking of the peptidoglycan strands of bacterial cell wall)
2nd gen
Increased gram neg coverage, less gram positive (respiratory infections)
ceftriaxone
Cephalosporin antibiotic (binds covalently to transpeptidases- enzymes involved with cross linking of the peptidoglycan strands of bacterial cell wall)
3rd gen
Extended gram neg activity (pneumonia, meningitis)
cefepime
Cephalosporin antibiotic (binds covalently to transpeptidases- enzymes involved with cross linking of the peptidoglycan strands of bacterial cell wall) 4th gen Good gram positive and gram negative coverage- broad spectrum (pseudomonas)
ceftaroline
Cephalosporin antibiotic (binds covalently to transpeptidases- enzymes involved with cross linking of the peptidoglycan strands of bacterial cell wall)
5th gen
Broadest spectrum
Active against drug resistant strains (MRSA)
aztreonam
Monobactam (beta-lactam antibiotic)
narrow spectrum, effective against aerobic gram neg
Can be used in pts that have displayed Type 1 hypersensitivity reactions to other beta-lactams
Imipenem-cilastatin
Carbapenem (beta-lactam antibiotic)
Broad spectrum: active against gram neg and gram pos
Cilastatin inhibits renal enzyme that metabolizes the drug
clavulonic acid
Beta lactamase inhibitor antibiotic
often combined with amoxicillin
tazobactam
Beta lactamase inhibitor antibiotic
often combined with piperacillin
Vancomycin
Glycopeptide (prevents crosslinking by binding to peptide portion of peptidoglycan, antibiotic)
Active primarily against gram positive
Used for serious infections resistant to beta-lactams
Red man syndrome
azithromycin
macrolide (protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotic)
Mechanism- prevents translocation from A site (amino acid binding site) to P site (protein binding site), preventing protein synthesis.
clindamycin
lincosamide (protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotic)
Prevents peptide bond formation
Used in staph and strep infections and can be used in pts allergic to beta lactams
doxycycline
tetracycline (protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotic)
block tRNA binding to 30S subunit
Broad spectrum bacteriostatic
metronidazole
nitroimidazole (DNA damaging antibiotic)
mechanism: when reduced, creates cytotoxic free radicals leading to DNA strand breakage
anaerobic bacteria (narrow spectrum)
Bactericidal
levofloxacin
fluoroquinolone antibiotic (DNA damaging) mechanism: topoisomerase inhibitor (relax supercoiled DNA by allowing strands to pass through one another) Bactericidal Black box warning for tendon rupture
ciprofloxacin
fluoroquinolone antibiotic (DNA damaging) mechanism: topoisomerase inhibitor (relax supercoiled DNA by allowing strands to pass through one another) Bactericidal Black box warning for tendon rupture
sulfamethoxazole
sulfonamide antibiotic (DNA synthesis inhibitor) target a synthetic pathway not needed in humans for folate metabolism Bacteriostatic and broad spectrum
trimethoprim
antibiotic
DNA synthesis inhibitor
in folate metabolism inhibits bacterial DHFR about 50,000x more selectively compared to human
morphine
Opiate (analgesic)
fentanyl
Opiate (analgesic)
