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pharm quiz > pharm final > Flashcards

pharm final Flashcards

1
Q

through cuts, scratches or wounds

A

tetanus

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2
Q

vaccines are example of

A

activeimmunity

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3
Q

young, old and smokers high risk

A

pneumonia

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4
Q

tetanus and diphtheria

A

TD

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5
Q

booster given every ten years

A

tetanusdiphtheria

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6
Q

people who have had this should not get flu vaccine

A

guilliainbarre

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7
Q

occurs between october and may

A

influenza

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8
Q

shingles is caused by

A

varicellazoster

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9
Q

transfer of antibodies

A

passiveimmunity

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10
Q

tetnus

A

muscletightening

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11
Q

thick coating in throat

A

diphteria

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12
Q

vaccine for ages 50 and above

A

shingles

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13
Q

protects against serious pneumococcal disease including meningitis and bloodstream infections for all adults 65 years or older

A

pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine

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14
Q

reduce memory problems
dementia
peripheral vascualr disease
antidoxidant and vasodilatory properties
can cause BLEEDING when used with anticoagulants
avoid during surgery

A

Ginko Biloba

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15
Q

lowers cholesterol
lowers BP
natural antibiotic
natural anti-platelet agent
Potientiates anti-diabetic drugs
avoid before surgery
BLEEDING

A

garlic

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16
Q

used to treat nausea, joint pain
BLEEDING
irregular heart rate
decrease BP
decrease blood sugar levels

A

ginger root

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17
Q

migraine prophylaxis
BLEEDING
can be given to mothers to make their milk come in
can cause preterm labor

A

feverfew

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18
Q

build immunity
wound healing
immune suppression
should not take more than 8 weeks

A

echinacea

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19
Q

may ease mild to moderate depression
contraindicated for major depression
do NOT use with other antidepressants

A

St Johns Wort

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20
Q

generally safe but ineffective
potentiates CNS depressants ex. alcohol

A

valerian root

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21
Q

relieves anxiety
promotes sleep
relaxes muscles
liver damage

A

kava

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22
Q

damaging to heart CNS
banned from sale in the US

A

ephedra

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23
Q

deaths
hospitalization
life-threatening experiences
persistent or significant disabilites
birth defects

A

dietary supplement and nonprescription drug consumer protection act (2006)

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24
Q

requires quality control procedures
labeling to reflect active and inactive ingredients

A

current good manufacturing practices (CGMP)

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25
Q

package labeling
adverse effects
inpurities, adulterants, variability

A

dietary supplement health and education act (DSHEA) 1994

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26
Q

japanese technique for stress reduction and relaxation that also promotes healing “life force energy”

A

Reiki

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27
Q

life force in correct balance and flow
concentration, strength, flexibility, symbolic movements

A

yoga

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28
Q

promotes the flow of energy throughout the body
reduces sx of fibromyalgia
used in cardiac rehab programs can lower BP

A

Tai Chi

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29
Q

major areas: therapeutic objectives

A

anxiety
pain
illness
depression
insomina

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30
Q

pain/cough
must be very careful about overdose adults can have 4000 (4g) a day

A

hydrocodone/acetaminphen
hydrocodone/chlorpheniramine

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31
Q

pantoprazole
omperazole
lansoprazole
-gastroesophageal reflux disease
-peptic ulcer disease
-stress ulcer prophylaxis

A

proton pump inhibitors

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32
Q

hypothyroidism
side effects
tachycardia
palpitations
dyspena on exertion
goiter

A

synthetic thyroxine

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33
Q

decreased responsiveness to a drug as a result of repeated drug admin

A

tolerance

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34
Q

drugs taken to manage one condition may complicate management of another condition

A

comorbilidies and drug interactions

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35
Q

good diet can elicit therapeutic responsed and reduce harm from ADRs
some food can interact with drugs and cause ADRs

A

diet

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36
Q

decline in liver or kidney function

A

increase of levels of drug in system

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37
Q

reduces rate of drug excretion drugs may accumulate to toxic levels

A

kidney disease

38
Q

reduces rate of drug metabolism drugs may accumulate to toxic levels

A

liver disease

39
Q

if the same dose of a drug is given to a big person and a small person, the drug concentration will be higher in the smaller person

A

body composition

40
Q

filter metabolites out of the body
cumulative exposure can cause damage

A

kidneys

41
Q

ototoxic reactions cause permanent damage
very important to catch it early

A

ears

42
Q

over 600 drugs are pneumotoxic

A

lungs

43
Q

predisone
methulpredisolone
hydrocortisone
reduce inflammation (pain, brochodilation, inflamatory injuries)
suppress the immune system (allergic reactions, infectious response)

A

corticosteroids

44
Q

levofloxacin
ciproflaxin
broad spectrum bacterial antibodies
excellent for bacterial respiratory infections
-bacterial pnemonia
-tuberculosis

A

fluoroquinolones

45
Q

albuterol
levalbuterol
brochodilator (fast acting)
Asthma
COPD
bronchospasm due to anaphylaxis

A

short acting beta-agonists (rescue inhalers)

46
Q

minimum amount of drug needed to elicit a response

A

relative potency

47
Q

maximum response a drug can elicit

A

maximum efficacy

48
Q

Definition: relationship between the size of an administered dose and the intensity of the response produced

A

Dose-response Relationship

49
Q

drug or poison

A

Pharmakon

50
Q

force or power

A

dynamikos

51
Q
A
52
Q

lower dose

A

maintenance

53
Q

good amount of drug in the body so it can effect

A

loading

54
Q

highest amount of drug in the body/medication is usually the highest 1-2 hours after the last dose (less than toxic)

A

peak

55
Q

lowest amount of drug in the body/seconds before we give the medication again

A

trough

56
Q

steady state

A

plateau

57
Q

the amount of time for the percentage drug in the body of time to decrease by 50% (how often we will administer a drug)-

A

drug half life

58
Q

there are certain drugs that are completley metabolized by the liver the first time they pass through.

A

first pass effect

59
Q

the enzymatic alteration of drug structure to a more water-soluble form that can be excreted

A

Drug Metabolism

60
Q

Barriers to Absorption
None
Absorption pattern
Variable
Water solubility
Blood flow

A

Intramuscular (IM) & Subcutaneous (subQ)

61
Q

Barriers to Absorption
NONE
Absorption pattern
Instantaneous and complete

A

intravenous

62
Q

Barriers to Absorption
Epithelial lining of GI tract
Capillary wall
Absorption pattern
Slow and variable

A

Oral (PO)PO – per os (Latin- by way of mouth)

63
Q

rate the amount it is dissolved-the quicker to dissolve the quicker we see effects of the drugs

A

Rate of dissolution

64
Q

where the drug is absorbed. The larger the surface area the quicker the absorption of the drug.

A

Surface area

65
Q

patients who have better blood flow is a quicker/efficient absorption of the drug.

A

blood flow

66
Q

cellular membranes are made up of lipids-if medication is lipid soluble it will be absorbed more quickly

A

lipid solubility

67
Q

the movement of a drug from its site of administration into the blood

Rate determines how soon effects will take place
Amount determines how intense the effects will be

A

absorption

68
Q

lisinopril (Zestril)
enalapril (Vasotec)
captopril (Capoten)

Indications
Hypertension
Heart failure (helps prevent the heart from remodeling)

Angioedema-very severe
Dry cough-common side effect
High potassium levels

A

Ace(Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme)Inhibitors

69
Q

atenolol(Tenormin)
Metoprolol(Toprol, Lopressor)

Indications-reason we give something
Hypertension-high bp (main)
Chest pain(decrease)
Assists the workload of the heart

Doses vary based on specific drug
Given once or twice a day

Side Effects
Low heart rate
Low blood pressure
Dizziness
Hides symptoms of hypoglycemia
DO NOT stop abruptly – risk of rebound hypertension!!

A

Beta Blockers

70
Q

atorvastatin (Lipitor)
simvastatin(Zocor)

For hyperlipidemia and hypercholesterolemia
Will reduce LDL and Triglyceride levels
Will raise HDL
Regular dose range10-80 mg daily
Given at night

Side Effects:
Decreased liver function/liver failure
Rhabdomyolysis- break down of muscle tissue
Myalgia-muscle pain

A

HMG CoA Reductase Inhibitors (Statins)

71
Q

healthy volunteers or volunteer patients

A

clinical testing phase 1

72
Q

actual patients for what the drug is intended

A

phase 2 and 3

73
Q

therapeutic use and dose range

A

phase 2

74
Q

safety and effectiveness

A

phase 3

75
Q

put it out and watch the effect it has on the people

A

phase 4

76
Q

either use a healthy volunteer or (control use)

A

RCT

77
Q

study-participants do not know if they are using the new treatment or the control

A

single blind

78
Q

both the participant and the researcher do not know who is getting the new drug or the control

A

double blind

79
Q

constant

A

control

80
Q

Promote therapeutic effects
Minimize adverse effects
Minimize adverse drug interactions

A

interventions

81
Q

how the drug gets there

A

Pharmacokinetics

82
Q

how does the drug effect the body

A

Pharmacodynamics

83
Q

Able to be metabolized by the body or chemically nullified

A

Reversible action

84
Q

Knowing how the patient will respond

A

Predictability

85
Q
A
86
Q

Convenient route, low number of doses per day

A

Ease of administration

87
Q
A
88
Q

any chemical that can affect living processes

A

drug

89
Q

the study of drugs and their interactions with living systems

A

pharmacology

90
Q

the study of drugs in humans

A

clinical pharmacology

91
Q

the use of drugs to diagnose, prevent, or treat disease or to prevent pregnancy

A

therapeutics

pharm quiz (2 decks)

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