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Pharm Exam 2 (Anti)Adrenergics > Pharm Exam 2, (Anti)Adrenergics > Flashcards

Pharm Exam 2, (Anti)Adrenergics Flashcards

1
Q

Adrenergic Drugs

A

Drugs that stimulate the sympathetic nervous system
Mimic the actions of norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine
Not given orally

able to treat: 
Asthma
Anaphylaxis
Cardiac arrest
Nasal decongestant
Conjunctival congestion
Premature labor
Heart failure
Cardiac contractility
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2
Q

Adrenergic Drug Action

A 
Action
Acts on alpha and beta receptors to produce desired effect
Found through out the body
Acts on dopamine receptors (only will respond to dopamine)
Renal 
Mesenteric
Coronary
Cerebral
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3
Q

alpha adrenergic receptor stimulation on smooth muscle

A 
Vasoconstriction of blood vessels
Relaxation of GI smooth muscles
Contraction of the uterus and bladder
Male ejaculation
Decreased insulin release	
Dilation of the pupils (Mydriasis)
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4
Q

B1 adrenergic receptor stimulation on myocardium, AV/SA node

A

Increased force of contraction (positive inotropic effect)
Increased heart rate (positive chronotropic effect)
Increased conduction through the AV node (positive dromotropic effect)

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5
Q

B2 adrenergic receptor stimulation on airways

A

Bronchodilation (relaxation of the bronchi)
Uterine relaxation
Glycogenolysis in the liver
Increased renin secretion in the kidneys

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6
Q

albuterol (Proventil, Ventolin, Volmax)

A 
SABA (short-acting beta2 agonist)
Oral
Inhaled, 2 puffs q 4-6 hours 
“Rescue medication”
Treatment of...?
Asthma
What it does?
bronchodilator
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7
Q

levalbuterol (Xopenex)

A 
Does not cause excitation like albuterol
“Rescue medication”
Treatment of...?
Asthma
What it does?
Bronchodilator
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8
Q

salmeterol (Serevent)

A 
Long term treatment of asthma
Treatment of...?
Asthma
What it does?
Bronchodilator
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9
Q

ephinephrine (Adrenalin)

A 
Acute asthma only not controlled by albuterol
Treatment of...?
Asthma
What it does?
Bronchodilator
IM “epipen”
IV (monitor carefully!)
Treatment of...?
Anaphylaxis
Shock
What it does?
Vasoconstriction
Increased blood pressure
Cardiac stimulation
Dilation of bronchioles
Treatment of...?
Cardiac arrest
Prolonged anesthetic effect if given locally
What it does?
Restoration of cardiac rhythm
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10
Q

pseudoephedrine (Sudafed, Afrin)

A 
Treatment of...?
Nasal congestion
What it does?
Vasoconstriction of the mucosa
Reduction of nasal secretions
Rebound effect
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11
Q

tetrahydrozoline (Murine, Visine)

A

tetrahydrozoline (Murine, Visine)

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12
Q

terbutaline (Brethine, Bricanyl)

A

Treatment of…?
Premature labor
What it does?
Relaxes smooth muscle of the uterus

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13
Q

dobutamine (dobutrex)

A

Treatment of…?
Heart failure
What it does?
Increases cardiac output by increasing contractility which increases stroke volume

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14
Q

dopamine (Intropin)

A

Treatment of…?
Cardiac contractility
What it does?
High doses- improves contractility and output
Low doses- vasodilation in brain, heart, kidneys, and mesentery which increases blood flow

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15
Q

norepinephrine (Levophed)

A 
Directly metabolized to dopamine
Treatment of...?
Hypotension
Shock
What it does?
Vasoconstriction
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16
Q

AR Adrenergic Drugs

A 
Cardiovascular 
Vasoconstriction, hypertension, tachycardia, palpitations, dysrhythmias
Central nervous system
Headache, restlessness, excitement, insomnia, euphoria, nervousness, dizziness
Respiratory system
Bronchodilation 
Gastrointestinal
Nausea, vomiting, anorexia
17
Q

Contraindications of Adrenergic Drugs

A

Severe hypertension

Resulting in hemorrhage of the brain and other parts of the body

18
Q

Adrenergic RN Implications

A 
Vital signs including blood pressure and heart rate
Cardiac dysrhythmias
Hypertension
Renal, hepatic, and cardiac function
Inhalation
Education on how to use inhaler
Monitor for therapeutic effects
Use pump to administer IV preparations
Slow infusion
Cardiac monitor
19
Q

Adrenergic Drug Drug Interactions

A

DO NOT give with
Digoxin- cardiac dysrhythmias
Anesthetic drugs- cardiac dysrhythmias
Tricyclic antidepressants- acute hypertensive crisis
MAO inhibitors- life threatening hypertensive crisis

20
Q

Adrenergic Toxicity

A

Lower the blood pressure using rapid acting sympatholytic drug
esmolol (Brevibloc) or another beta blocker

21
Q

Adrenergic-Blocking Drugs

A

Inhibit sympathetic nervous system stimulation

used to treat:

a-Blockers
Hypertension
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

b-Blockers
Blocks norepinephrine and epinephrine
Hypertension
Tachycardia
Angina
Myocardial infarction 
Post myocardial infarction
Migraine
22
Q

phentolamine (Regitine)

A 
Treatment of...?
Hypertension
a- adrenergic drug extravasation
What it does?
Vasodilation of the vessels
23
Q

prazosin (Minipress)

A 
Treatment of...?
Benign prostatic hyperplasia
What it does?
Relaxes and dilates vasculature around the prostate
Relieves impaired urinary flow
Lowers blood pressure
24
Q

a-Blockers

A 
Adverse Reactions 
Orthostatic hyp0tension
Nursing Implications
Vital signs
Fall risk
Toxicity
Emesis/gastric lavage
Followed by activated charcoal

ergotamine (Ergostat)
phenoxybenzamine (Dibenzyline)
tolazoline (Priscoline)

25
Q

atenolol (Tenormin)

A

Treatment of…?
Hypertension
Angina
Acute myocardial infarction

26
Q

esmolol (Brevibloc)

A

Treatment of…?
Supraventricular Tachydysrhythmias (SVT)
Intra & postoperative hypertension

27
Q

metoprolol (Lopressor)

A

Drug of choice if asthmatic or diabetic (but be careful!)
Treatment of…?
Hypertension
Myocardial infarction

28
Q

propranolol (Inderal)

A 
Do not give to asthmatic 
Careful if diabetic
Treatment of...?
Angina
Hypertension
Migraine
29
Q

b-Blockers

A 
Nursing Implications
Do not give if HR <60
If diabetic, monitor blood sugars
Do not coadminister  with insulin (lowers blood sugar)
Patient education
Impotence
Do not stop taking drug, needs to be tapered
Can cause rebound hypertension
Emergency!

acebutolol (Sectral)
carvedilol (Coreg)
labetalol(Normodyne)
sotalol (Betapace)

Pharm Exam 2 (Anti)Adrenergics (2 decks)

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