Pharm Exam 2, Analgesics Flashcards
Analgesics
Medications that relieve pain without causing loss of consciousness
Opioids
Most effective pain medications available
Pain relievers that contain opium
Derived from the opium poppy or chemically related to opium
Toxicity
Need more medication to have the same pain relief
Physical dependence
A state in which an abstinence syndrome will occur if drug use is abruptly stopped
Irritability, chills, hot flashes, joint pain, lacrimation, rhinorrhea, diaphoresis, nausea, vomiting, confusion, abdominal cramps, diarrhea
morphine (Duramorph, Roxanol)
Opioid drug Respiratory depression can be noted 4 hours after dose administration! Treatment of...? Moderate to severe pain Drug of choice for myocardial infarction
codeine (methylmorphine)
Opioid drug
Treatment of…?
Mild to moderate pain
Cough suppressant combined with acetaminophen (schedule III controlled substance)
fentanyl (Duragesic)
Opioid drug 100 x’s more potent than morphine 0.1 mg of fentanyl IV = 10 mg of morphine IV Chronic pain control Available in transdermal patches as well Treatment of...? Moderate to severe pain
merperidine (Demerol)
Opioid drug Do not give with MAOIs, coma and death Do not give longer than 48 hours Metabolite (normeperidine) is toxic Careful! Do not give to the elderly Kidney dysfunction makes it worse Treatment of...? Moderate to severe pain
methadone (Dolophine)
Opioid drug Effective oral medication Long duration of action Prolonged QT syndrome Treatment of...? Detoxification treatment of opioid addicts
oxycodone (OxyContin)
Opioid drug
Combinations…
oxycodone and acetaminophen (Percocet)
oxycodone and aspirin (Percodan)
hydrocodone
Opioid drug
Combinations…
hydrocodone and acetaminophen (Vicodin, Lortab)
Opioid Toxicity
Opioid overdose triad
Coma, respiratory depression, pinpoint pupils (miosis)
Used for complete or partial reversal of opioid-induced respiratory depression
naloxone (Narcan) – injectable form only
naltrexone (Revia) – tablet form only, used in former addicts
Opioids: Nursing Implications
Pain assessment Level of consciousness Vital signs RR <12/minute GI assessment GU assessment
Use of other medications OTC, illicit, prescribed Safety precautions Environment Inject slowly Patient education Slow movements Take with food
acetaminophen (Tylenol)
Nonopioid analgesic and antipyretic No anti-inflammatory effects Treatment of...? Mild to moderate pain Fever What it does? Inhibits prostaglandins synthesis
Dosage Maximum 4,000mg/day 10-15mg/kg Interactions Alcohol Contraindication Liver failure Liver dysfunction Hepatotoxic drugs
Hepatic necrosis
Antidote
acetylcysteine
Rotten egg flavor
Analgesics
Medications that relieve pain without causing loss of consciousness
Opioids
Most effective pain medications available
Pain relievers that contain opium
Derived from the opium poppy or chemically related to opium
Toxicity
Need more medication to have the same pain relief
Physical dependence
A state in which an abstinence syndrome will occur if drug use is abruptly stopped
Irritability, chills, hot flashes, joint pain, lacrimation, rhinorrhea, diaphoresis, nausea, vomiting, confusion, abdominal cramps, diarrhea
morphine (Duramorph, Roxanol)
Opioid drug Respiratory depression can be noted 4 hours after dose administration! Treatment of...? Moderate to severe pain Drug of choice for myocardial infarction
