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Robbins Pathology MSK (Chapters 24,25,26) > Pharm Exam 2 > Flashcards

Pharm Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Spasmolytics tend to be acting in which location and what is the mechanism

A

CNS acting, and reduce spasms such as back pain

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2
Q

What is a potential impact of aminocglycosides toxicity

A
  • ototoxicity
  • Nephrotoxicity
  • NMJ blockade
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3
Q

Which chronic conditions is contraindicated for use of an aminoglycosides

A

Myasthenia gravis (Due to blockade and the NMJ)

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4
Q

Which AChE inhibitor is at the highest risk of hallucinations

A

Physostigmine (crosses the blood brain Barrier due to being lipid soluble)

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5
Q

Which drug can be paired with an AchE inhibitor to reduce diarrhea

A

AChE inhibitor = PNS

-Glycopyrrolate (acts at the mACh to affect the diarrhea only, not affecting the nACh and NMJ)

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6
Q

What balance of drugs can be administered to induce anesthesia

A

Propofol +:

-NM blockers

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7
Q

Which drug Is administered to counteract the hypotension that is seen with the curares

A

Curare: causes histamine release causes hypotension

-So we use histamine 1 antagonist

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8
Q

Which drug is indicated as a anxiolytics and sedative drug

A

Carisoprodol

The metabolite meprpbamate is what does the anti anxiety

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9
Q

What is a cream

A

Half water, half oil with an emulsifier

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10
Q

What are the characteristics of a cream

A

Spread easily, well absorbed, and wash off with water

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11
Q

What is the make up of ointments

A

80% oil and 20% water

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12
Q

What are the characteristics of ointments

A

Feel grease, stay on the surface

  • Best on dry skin, as not absorbed well
  • Less likely to cause an allergic reaction
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13
Q

Which bug is immune to the alcohol based hand sanitizer

A

C. difficile

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14
Q

Which drug is commonly used to help protect against the drug induced photosensitivity

A

Dibenzoylmethamines

*Contains UVA protection

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15
Q

What is the very effective broad spectrum antimicrobial agent commonly used

A

Chlorhexidine as high efficacy on skin (including oral mucosa) and low irritability

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16
Q

What is the origin for becaplermin

A

PDGF

17
Q

Those using becaplermin have an increased risk for

A

Malignancy

18
Q

Ketoconazole has which affect on CYP450

A

Inhibits

19
Q

When is nystatin used

A

Candida infections that are localized or in the mucosa

20
Q

What is amphotericin used fro

A

Alerts membrane permeability

Candida infection

**Can cause yellowing of the localized skin

21
Q

What is the mechanism of imidazoles

A

Blocks ergosterol synthesis

22
Q

What is the use, mechansim of ciclopirox

A

Broad spectrum antimycotic agent by disrupting macromolecular synthesis

23
Q

What is the use, mechansim of terbinafine

A

Inhibits squareness epoxidase, which synthesizes ergosterol

24
Q

When must terbinafine be avoided

A

Contact with mucous membranes

25
Q

What is the use, mechansim of tolnaftate

A

Synthetic antifungal, disrupts mycelia growth

26
Q

What is given orally to treat oncychomycosis

A

Terbinafine

27
Q

What is used to treat dermatophyte infections of the scalp and non hairy skin caused by epidermiphyton, microsporangia, and trickophyton

A

Griseofulvin

28
Q

What is the use, mechansim of acyclovir

A

Guanine analog against herpes

29
Q

Which drugs are useful in anogential pruritis

A

Topical calcineurin inhibitors such as:

  • tacromilus
  • pimecrolimus
30
Q

Which class of drug can really help relieve itching

A

Alpha agonists

Such as:
-Brimonidine
-Oxymetazoline
-
Naphazoline
-tetrahydrozoline
-phenylephrine
-oxymetazoline
31
Q

In the treatment of ectoperasites, what is the MOA for malathion

A

Organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor

32
Q

In the treatment of ectoperasites, what is the MOA for permethrin

A

Binds to insect sodium channels and blocks membrane repolarization

33
Q

In the treatment of ectoperasites, what is the MOA for ivermectin

A

Binds to glutamate chloride channels in invertebrates

34
Q

In the treatment of ectoperasites, what is the MOA for lindane

A

Disrupts the gabanergic transmission in insects

35
Q

What is the drug strongest in treatment of acne

A

Tretinoin

36
Q

What are the adverse effects of using tetracycline

A

Photosensitivity, then grey teeth in children who mothers used it

37
Q

WHat is the use and MOA for apremilast

A

PDE4 inhibitor used in managing psoriasis

38
Q

Other than some cancers, what is 5-fluorouricil useful in treating

A

Actinic keratosis

Robbins Pathology MSK (Chapters 24,25,26) (7 decks)

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