Pharm Exam 2 Flashcards
Spasmolytics tend to be acting in which location and what is the mechanism
CNS acting, and reduce spasms such as back pain
What is a potential impact of aminocglycosides toxicity
- ototoxicity
- Nephrotoxicity
- NMJ blockade
Which chronic conditions is contraindicated for use of an aminoglycosides
Myasthenia gravis (Due to blockade and the NMJ)
Which AChE inhibitor is at the highest risk of hallucinations
Physostigmine (crosses the blood brain Barrier due to being lipid soluble)
Which drug can be paired with an AchE inhibitor to reduce diarrhea
AChE inhibitor = PNS
-Glycopyrrolate (acts at the mACh to affect the diarrhea only, not affecting the nACh and NMJ)
What balance of drugs can be administered to induce anesthesia
Propofol +:
-NM blockers
Which drug Is administered to counteract the hypotension that is seen with the curares
Curare: causes histamine release causes hypotension
-So we use histamine 1 antagonist
Which drug is indicated as a anxiolytics and sedative drug
Carisoprodol
The metabolite meprpbamate is what does the anti anxiety
What is a cream
Half water, half oil with an emulsifier
What are the characteristics of a cream
Spread easily, well absorbed, and wash off with water
What is the make up of ointments
80% oil and 20% water
What are the characteristics of ointments
Feel grease, stay on the surface
- Best on dry skin, as not absorbed well
- Less likely to cause an allergic reaction
Which bug is immune to the alcohol based hand sanitizer
C. difficile
Which drug is commonly used to help protect against the drug induced photosensitivity
Dibenzoylmethamines
*Contains UVA protection
What is the very effective broad spectrum antimicrobial agent commonly used
Chlorhexidine as high efficacy on skin (including oral mucosa) and low irritability
What is the origin for becaplermin
PDGF
Those using becaplermin have an increased risk for
Malignancy
Ketoconazole has which affect on CYP450
Inhibits
When is nystatin used
Candida infections that are localized or in the mucosa
What is amphotericin used fro
Alerts membrane permeability
Candida infection
**Can cause yellowing of the localized skin
What is the mechanism of imidazoles
Blocks ergosterol synthesis
What is the use, mechansim of ciclopirox
Broad spectrum antimycotic agent by disrupting macromolecular synthesis
What is the use, mechansim of terbinafine
Inhibits squareness epoxidase, which synthesizes ergosterol
When must terbinafine be avoided
Contact with mucous membranes
What is the use, mechansim of tolnaftate
Synthetic antifungal, disrupts mycelia growth
What is given orally to treat oncychomycosis
Terbinafine
What is used to treat dermatophyte infections of the scalp and non hairy skin caused by epidermiphyton, microsporangia, and trickophyton
Griseofulvin
What is the use, mechansim of acyclovir
Guanine analog against herpes
Which drugs are useful in anogential pruritis
Topical calcineurin inhibitors such as:
- tacromilus
- pimecrolimus
Which class of drug can really help relieve itching
Alpha agonists
Such as: -Brimonidine -Oxymetazoline - Naphazoline -tetrahydrozoline -phenylephrine -oxymetazoline
In the treatment of ectoperasites, what is the MOA for malathion
Organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor
In the treatment of ectoperasites, what is the MOA for permethrin
Binds to insect sodium channels and blocks membrane repolarization
In the treatment of ectoperasites, what is the MOA for ivermectin
Binds to glutamate chloride channels in invertebrates
In the treatment of ectoperasites, what is the MOA for lindane
Disrupts the gabanergic transmission in insects
What is the drug strongest in treatment of acne
Tretinoin
What are the adverse effects of using tetracycline
Photosensitivity, then grey teeth in children who mothers used it
WHat is the use and MOA for apremilast
PDE4 inhibitor used in managing psoriasis
Other than some cancers, what is 5-fluorouricil useful in treating
Actinic keratosis
