Pharm Flashcards
Is probenicid a sulfa drug?
Yes
How is ziconotide administered
Only for chronic pain as it is administered intrathecally
What class of drug is duloxetine
Antidepressant SNRI
What is the mechanism of action for clonidine
Alpha 2 agonist
What is the drug sulfinpyrazone most similar to
Probenecid
COX1 tends to be expressed in which locations
All tissues all the time, with the prominent role in responding to physiological stimuli
How does ASA differ from other NSAIDs
ASA i irreversible while others are reversible
What is the mechanism of action for anakinra
IL1 antagonist
What are the properties of a drug that ends in:
-mab
Monoclonal Ab
What are the properties of a drug that ends in:
-zumab
Humanized mAb
When are glucocorticoids particularly effective
When waiting for other long drugs to kick in, or when there is a flare up
What is the adverse reaction seen with rituximab
Infusion hypersensitivity rxn
How is ketamine different than most anesthetics
Actually raises the blood pressure
What is the mechanism of action for tofacitinub
JAK3 antagonist (Decreased IL-17 and IFN-gamma) and CD4
What type of drug is pregabalin
Antiepileptic
What are the conditions that pregabalin is approved to treat
1) Neuropathic pain with DM
2) postherpetic neuralgia
3) Partial seizures
4) fibromyalgia
What are the most common adverse effects of tocilizumab
URI
-Life threatening infections like TB
What are the properties of a drug that ends in:
-umab
-Human mAb origin
What is the mechanism of action for adalimumab
Anti TNF (subQ every 2 weeks)
***Best selling drug in the world
What is the effect of other NSAIDs on the effect of ASA
It atagoniszes because the receptors are already saturated
What is the mechanism of actio for hydroxychloroquine, what is it normally used to treat, and how does it cause immunosupression
Radiates the pH of the cell, usually used to treat malaria, and the increased pH in the lysosomes lead to decreased presentation of the antigen on MHC2
What is the mechanism of action for celecoxib
COX2 inhibitor
What are the contraindications for NSAID use
- Chronic kidney disease
- Gastric ulcer
- heart failure or uncontrolled HTN
- Allergy
What is the mechanism of action for infliximab
Anti TNF (IV every 6 weeks)
What is the mechansim of action for sulfalazine, its normal use, and how it causes immunosupression
Sulfpyridine is the active agent (as opposed to 5-ASA in IBD), normally used in IBD
What is the effect of acetaminophen on warfarin
-Inhibits metabolism of it, so increased risk of bleeding
What are the general trends of biological DMARDs
- Faster onset
- High rate of response
- More expensive
- Increased risk for side effects
What is the MOA of pregabalin
-Bind to alpha2-delta on the VGCalcium channel in the CNS
What is the downside of COX2 only inhibitors
Increase the risk for MI and stroke
Does not inhibit platelet aggregation (does eliminate bleeding tho)
What kind of drug is tramadol
Antidepressant and weak mu
*blocks NE and 5HT reuptake by blocking MAO
What makes Aspirin so effective in the Inhibition of platelet aggregation
It is irreversible Inhibition of COX, so the effect is felt for the lifetime of the platelet, which is 8 days
What type of drug is gabapentin
Antiepileptic drug
How does acetaminophen differ from other NSAIDs
Suppresses pain and fever, but no inflammation
-No GI ulcers, platelet aggregation suppression, or renal impairment
What is the difference between feboxustat and allopurinol
Allopurinol is purine competitive inhibitor
Feboxustat is a nonpuring competitive inhibitor
What is the mechanism of action for etanercept
Anti-TNF (IV 1 or 2 x/week)
What is the mechanism of action for tocilizumab
IL6 antagonist
What is the mechanism of action for dexmedetomidine
Alpha 2 agonist
How does methotrexate cause antiinflammatory effects
Blocks the synthesis of purine by acting as a folate analog. There is the buildup of adenosine which binds to the GCPR and acts as an anti inflammatory
How does pegloticase work
Covelently attaches to methyoxy polyethylene glycol and converts uric acid into allantoin
What is the mechanism of action for abatacept
Prevents CD28 bindings to CD80/86
Where and when does COX2 tend to be expressed
In some tissue and is induced sometimes
What are the effects to TCA and other antidepressant
Anticholinergic, tachycardia, nausea/vomiting, sedation and mental clouding
What class of drug is amitriptyline
Antidepressant TCA
What is the MOA for ketamine
NMDA antagonist
What kind of drug is tapentadol
Antidepressant and weak mu
*Blocks NE and 5HT reuptake and inhibition of MAO
What is the mechanism of action for lefunomide, its normal use, and its mechanism of action in immunosupression
Inhibits dihydrooratate dehydrogenase, which blocks proliferation of T cells
What is the most common adverse effect of leflunomide
Diarrhea, respiratory infection, alopecia, rash, nausea
What is the rule of thumb when used biological DMARDs
Never combine biological DMARDs with one another
*Can be used with a nonbiological though
What are the properties of a drug that ends in:
-cept
Fusion of the receptor to the Fc part of IgG1
What are the potent NSAIDs that are recommended for Acute Gout
- Naproxen
- Indomethacin
- Celecoxib
What is the only biological DMARD that is not injection
Tofacitinib
What is the risk factor with hydroxychloroquine
Retinal damage
Which HLA can increase the risk of Stevens Johnson syndrome with allopurinol
HLA-B*5801
Commonly seen in Thai and Han Chinese
What are the properties of a drug that ends in:
-ximab
Chimeric antibody
What are the side effects of sulfasalazine
- GI effectors
- a sulfa drug
- Inhibts folate uptake, so supplementation may be needed
Is hydroxychloroquine safe for pregnancy?
Yes
How do glucocorticoids work
Binds to the receptors to Decreased the amount of NFkB and AP1 factors
Inhibitor of PLA2
What is the mechanism of action for ziconotide
N type Calcium antagonist
