Pharm Exam 2 Flashcards by Brittni Wright

Class: Vasodilator
Use: decrease lower extremity pain r/t DVT - opens/dilates vessels
S/E: peripheral edema
A/R: hypotension, tachycardia
AVOID - pt’s with heart problems, grapefruit juice

Cilostazol

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Class: thrombolytic
Use: “clot buster” used for MI, P.E, stroke, DVT
S/E: A/R: Anaphylaixis, bleeding
AVOID - NSAIDS (aspirin), herbs, venipuncture
Ask - any recent surgeries?
Best to give within 4 hours onset of MI, 3 hours for stroke

Ateplase

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Class: anticoagulant 
Use: prevent/treat VENOUS thrombosis, clots
S/E: A/R: bleeding
AVOID - NSAIDS 
Monitor PTT
Antidote = PS (protamine sulfate)

Heparin Sodium

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Class: betablocker
Use: decrease HR/BP, chest pain
S/E: A/R: decrease HR/BP

Acebutolol

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Class: anticoagulant 
Use: blood clots
A/R: bleeding
AVOID - green leafy vegetables, 4g's, caffeine, vit k
Caution with diabetes
Antidote = Vitamin K
Monitor - PT/INR

Warfarin Sodium

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Class: NSAID - antiplatelet
Use: prevent stroke/heart attack
A/R: tinnitis=TOXICITY

Aspirin

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Class: calcium channel blocker
Use: HTN, angina
S/E: edema
A/R: hypotension, bradycardia

Diltiazem

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Class: antiplatelet
Use: prevention of thrombosis, MI, stroke, TIA
S/E: ABD pain, bleeding
AVOID - 4gs

Clopidogrel Bisulfate

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Class: Anticoagulant Antagonist
Use: reverses warfarin - antidote
24-48 hours to be effective
plasma/platelets are indicated

Vitamin K

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Class: low molecule weight heparin (LMWH)
Use: prevent DVT and PE post SURGERY 
S/E: A/R: bleeding
AVOID - aspirin, 4 gs
no lab monitoring required

Enoxaparin Sodium

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Class: Nitrate/antianginal (VASODILATOR)
Use: angina
S/E: headache
A/R: hypotension 
sublingual - works 1/3 minutes, last 30 mins, give 1 every 5 min x3
Avoid: light

Nitroglycerine

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Class: potassium channel blocker/antidysrhythmic
Use: ACUTE TX OF LIFE THREATENING ARRYTHMIAS
S/E: A/R: decreased HR/BP
AVOID: if pt is already taking ventricular arrythmia medication

Amiodarone

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Class: cardiac glycoside
Use: CHF, AFIB (arrythmias)
A/R: bradycardia = toxicity, yellow/green halos, cardia dysryhmias
AVOID - DIURETICS (hypokalemia), cortisone
SENSITIVE TO POTASSIUM, MONITOR ELECTROLYTE POTASSIUM LEVEL

Digoxin

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Class: anticholinergic
Use: overactive bladder
S/E: urinary retention, inability to sweat, blurred vision, peripheral edema
A/R: bronchoconstriction, HTN, tachycardia
AVOID - grapefruit juice
Monitor - I’s/O’s

Tolterodine Tartrate

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Decrease HR/BP
Increase GI
Decrease glucose
bronchioles CONSTRICT = bronchoconstriction 
Pupils constrict
Prostate relaxes
Used for HTN, bradycardia

Adrenergic Antagonist

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Drug names A-M - 1 heart

Drug names N-Z - 2 lungs (avoid with asthma/copd pts)

Selective Beta 1

Nonselective Beta 2

Increase HR/BP
Decrease GI
Increase glucose
bronchioles dilate
pupils dilate
prostate contracts

Adrenergic Agonist

Increase HR/BP
Decrease GI
Decrease secreations (saliva, sweat, GI)
Decrease tremors and rigidity 
Bladder relaxes
Prostate contracts

Cholinergic Antagonist

Anticholinergic

Decrease HR
Increase GI
Increase secreations (sweat, mucus, GI)
Decrease IOP
Bladder constriction
Bronchioles constrict = bronchoconstriction 
Vasodilation
Pupils constrict

Cholinergic Agonist

Class: adrenergic agonist 
Use: anaphlaxis, bradycardia, cardiogenic shock 
S/E: restlesss, agitation 
A/R: HTN, tachycardia 
STIMULATES SNS "fight or flight"
Epi pen - subQ in outer thigh (5-10 sec)

Epinephrine

Class: Anticholinergic
Use: bradycardia, decrease secreations, pupil dilator (eye exams)
S/E: urinary retention, blurred vision, inability to sweat
A/R: bronchoconstriction, HTN, tachycardia
AVOID - hot environments, glacoma, BPH, MG, antihistimines

Atropine

Class: Anticholinergic, antiparkinsons
Use: blocks dopamine, decrease tremors
S/E: urinary retention, inability to sweat, blurred vision
A/R: bronchoconstriction, HTN, tachycardia
AVOID - glacoma, tardive dyskinesa, MG

Benztropine

Class: cholinergic agonist
Use: urinary retention
S/E: blurred vision, increased secreations
A/R: hypotension, bradycardia, bronchoconstriction
Monitor I’s&O’s (more than 30ml/hr)
Overdose = muscle weakness
Give 1 hr before or 2 hrs after meals

Bethanechol Chloride

Class: Cholinergic agonist
Use: decrease IOP, glacoma
S/E: stinging, blurry vision
Safety - no rugs, good lighting r/t pupil constriction

Pilocarpine (eye drops)

Class: Adrenergic antagonist (blocker) Use: betablocker, blocks beta 1 receptor - decrease HR/BP, chest pain S/E: stuffy nose A/R: bronchospasm, bradycardia, masking of hypoglycemia Monitor glucose levels, HR <60 Can take several weeks to notice a difference

Atenolol

Class: muscle relaxant Use: muscle spasms S/E: anticholergic effects (dry eyes/mouth) AVOID - kava kava, antdepressants, heart disease, diabetics, glacoma Taken short term (21 days), must wean off

Cyclobenzaprine

``` Class: Statin, hyperlipidemic Use: decrease cholestrol A/R: cataracts, hepatoxicity, hyperglycemia, RHADOMYOLYSIS (muscle disorder=BIG prob with kidneys) REPORT - muscle tenderness, weakness, fever, malaise AVOID - pregnancy Monitor liver enzymes Dont stop abruptly, takes weeks to work Get eye exam yearly ```

Atorvastatin

Class: COMT Inhibitor Use: parkinsons, increases dopamine S/E: anticholinergic effects (everything dried up) A/R: hepatoxicity Dont give alone, take with LEVADOPA BUT DECREASE the amount of levadopa Levadopa prolongs action by stopping the wearing off Monitor liver enzymes

Tolcapone

``` Class: antiparkinsons Use: parkinsons disease, decrease muscle rigidty, helps dopamine reach the brain cells Leva = LEAVES IT Carb = DRIVES IT S/E: urine discoloration, dry mouth urinary retention A/R: psychosis, NMS, nightmares AVOID - high protein foods Recommend a low protein diet ```

Carbidopa/levodopa

Class: Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor Use: alzhemirs disease, dementia, memory loss S/E: anorexia, dehydration, GI upset A/R: seizures, hypotension, hepatotoxicity AVOID - tobacco Take on empty stomach

Rivastigmine

``` Class: Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor Use: Myasthenia Gravis S/E: GI upset A/R: Hypotension, bradycardia, resp issues Take on empty stomach Safety = pt adherence to appts Notice muscle strength immediately ```

Pyridostigmine