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Pharm Exam 2 > Pharm Exam 2 > Flashcards

Pharm Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Class: Vasodilator
Use: decrease lower extremity pain r/t DVT - opens/dilates vessels
S/E: peripheral edema
A/R: hypotension, tachycardia
AVOID - pt’s with heart problems, grapefruit juice

A

Cilostazol

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2
Q

Class: thrombolytic
Use: “clot buster” used for MI, P.E, stroke, DVT
S/E: A/R: Anaphylaixis, bleeding
AVOID - NSAIDS (aspirin), herbs, venipuncture
Ask - any recent surgeries?
Best to give within 4 hours onset of MI, 3 hours for stroke

A

Ateplase

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3
Q 
Class: anticoagulant 
Use: prevent/treat VENOUS thrombosis, clots
S/E: A/R: bleeding
AVOID - NSAIDS 
Monitor PTT
Antidote = PS (protamine sulfate)
A

Heparin Sodium

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4
Q

Class: betablocker
Use: decrease HR/BP, chest pain
S/E: A/R: decrease HR/BP

A

Acebutolol

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5
Q 
Class: anticoagulant 
Use: blood clots
A/R: bleeding
AVOID - green leafy vegetables, 4g's, caffeine, vit k
Caution with diabetes
Antidote = Vitamin K
Monitor - PT/INR
A

Warfarin Sodium

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6
Q

Class: NSAID - antiplatelet
Use: prevent stroke/heart attack
A/R: tinnitis=TOXICITY

A

Aspirin

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7
Q

Class: calcium channel blocker
Use: HTN, angina
S/E: edema
A/R: hypotension, bradycardia

A

Diltiazem

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8
Q

Class: antiplatelet
Use: prevention of thrombosis, MI, stroke, TIA
S/E: ABD pain, bleeding
AVOID - 4gs

A

Clopidogrel Bisulfate

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9
Q

Class: Anticoagulant Antagonist
Use: reverses warfarin - antidote
24-48 hours to be effective
plasma/platelets are indicated

A

Vitamin K

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10
Q 
Class: low molecule weight heparin (LMWH)
Use: prevent DVT and PE post SURGERY 
S/E: A/R: bleeding
AVOID - aspirin, 4 gs
no lab monitoring required
A

Enoxaparin Sodium

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11
Q 
Class: Nitrate/antianginal (VASODILATOR)
Use: angina
S/E: headache
A/R: hypotension 
sublingual - works 1/3 minutes, last 30 mins, give 1 every 5 min x3
Avoid: light
A

Nitroglycerine

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12
Q

Class: potassium channel blocker/antidysrhythmic
Use: ACUTE TX OF LIFE THREATENING ARRYTHMIAS
S/E: A/R: decreased HR/BP
AVOID: if pt is already taking ventricular arrythmia medication

A

Amiodarone

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13
Q

Class: cardiac glycoside
Use: CHF, AFIB (arrythmias)
A/R: bradycardia = toxicity, yellow/green halos, cardia dysryhmias
AVOID - DIURETICS (hypokalemia), cortisone
SENSITIVE TO POTASSIUM, MONITOR ELECTROLYTE POTASSIUM LEVEL

A

Digoxin

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14
Q

Class: anticholinergic
Use: overactive bladder
S/E: urinary retention, inability to sweat, blurred vision, peripheral edema
A/R: bronchoconstriction, HTN, tachycardia
AVOID - grapefruit juice
Monitor - I’s/O’s

A

Tolterodine Tartrate

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15
Q 
Decrease HR/BP
Increase GI
Decrease glucose
bronchioles CONSTRICT = bronchoconstriction 
Pupils constrict
Prostate relaxes
Used for HTN, bradycardia
A

Adrenergic Antagonist

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16
Q

Drug names A-M - 1 heart

Drug names N-Z - 2 lungs (avoid with asthma/copd pts)

A

Selective Beta 1

Nonselective Beta 2

17
Q 
Increase HR/BP
Decrease GI
Increase glucose
bronchioles dilate
pupils dilate
prostate contracts
A

Adrenergic Agonist

18
Q 
Increase HR/BP
Decrease GI
Decrease secreations (saliva, sweat, GI)
Decrease tremors and rigidity 
Bladder relaxes
Prostate contracts
A

Cholinergic Antagonist

Anticholinergic

19
Q 
Decrease HR
Increase GI
Increase secreations (sweat, mucus, GI)
Decrease IOP
Bladder constriction
Bronchioles constrict = bronchoconstriction 
Vasodilation
Pupils constrict
A

Cholinergic Agonist

20
Q 
Class: adrenergic agonist 
Use: anaphlaxis, bradycardia, cardiogenic shock 
S/E: restlesss, agitation 
A/R: HTN, tachycardia 
STIMULATES SNS "fight or flight"
Epi pen - subQ in outer thigh (5-10 sec)
A

Epinephrine

21
Q

Class: Anticholinergic
Use: bradycardia, decrease secreations, pupil dilator (eye exams)
S/E: urinary retention, blurred vision, inability to sweat
A/R: bronchoconstriction, HTN, tachycardia
AVOID - hot environments, glacoma, BPH, MG, antihistimines

A

Atropine

22
Q

Class: Anticholinergic, antiparkinsons
Use: blocks dopamine, decrease tremors
S/E: urinary retention, inability to sweat, blurred vision
A/R: bronchoconstriction, HTN, tachycardia
AVOID - glacoma, tardive dyskinesa, MG

A

Benztropine

23
Q

Class: cholinergic agonist
Use: urinary retention
S/E: blurred vision, increased secreations
A/R: hypotension, bradycardia, bronchoconstriction
Monitor I’s&O’s (more than 30ml/hr)
Overdose = muscle weakness
Give 1 hr before or 2 hrs after meals

A

Bethanechol Chloride

24
Q

Class: Cholinergic agonist
Use: decrease IOP, glacoma
S/E: stinging, blurry vision
Safety - no rugs, good lighting r/t pupil constriction

A

Pilocarpine (eye drops)

25
Q

Class: Adrenergic antagonist (blocker)
Use: betablocker, blocks beta 1 receptor - decrease HR/BP, chest pain
S/E: stuffy nose
A/R: bronchospasm, bradycardia, masking of hypoglycemia
Monitor glucose levels, HR <60
Can take several weeks to notice a difference

A

Atenolol

26
Q

Class: muscle relaxant
Use: muscle spasms
S/E: anticholergic effects (dry eyes/mouth)
AVOID - kava kava, antdepressants, heart disease, diabetics, glacoma
Taken short term (21 days), must wean off

A

Cyclobenzaprine

27
Q 
Class: Statin, hyperlipidemic 
Use: decrease cholestrol 
A/R: cataracts, hepatoxicity, hyperglycemia, RHADOMYOLYSIS (muscle disorder=BIG prob with kidneys)
REPORT - muscle tenderness, weakness, fever, malaise 
AVOID - pregnancy
Monitor liver enzymes
Dont stop abruptly, takes weeks to work
Get eye exam yearly
A

Atorvastatin

28
Q

Class: COMT Inhibitor
Use: parkinsons, increases dopamine
S/E: anticholinergic effects (everything dried up)
A/R: hepatoxicity
Dont give alone, take with LEVADOPA BUT DECREASE the amount of levadopa
Levadopa prolongs action by stopping the wearing off
Monitor liver enzymes

A

Tolcapone

29
Q 
Class: antiparkinsons  
Use: parkinsons disease, decrease muscle rigidty, helps dopamine reach the brain cells
Leva = LEAVES IT
Carb = DRIVES IT 
S/E: urine discoloration, dry mouth urinary retention
A/R: psychosis, NMS, nightmares
AVOID - high protein foods 
Recommend a low protein diet
A

Carbidopa/levodopa

30
Q

Class: Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor
Use: alzhemirs disease, dementia, memory loss
S/E: anorexia, dehydration, GI upset
A/R: seizures, hypotension, hepatotoxicity
AVOID - tobacco
Take on empty stomach

A

Rivastigmine

31
Q 
Class: Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor  
Use: Myasthenia Gravis 
S/E: GI upset
A/R: Hypotension, bradycardia, resp issues 
Take on empty stomach
Safety = pt adherence to appts
Notice muscle strength immediately
A

Pyridostigmine

Pharm Exam 2 (2 decks)

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