Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Module 4: Mali: Derm > pharm Derm chart > Flashcards

pharm Derm chart Flashcards

1
Q

what is the drug class for bacitracin?

A

topical antibiotic

cell-wall inhibiting antibiotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the MOA of bacitracin?

A

inhibits cell wall synthesis by interfering with the incorperation of peptidoglycan subunits in bacterial cell wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the indication for bacitracin?

A

G+ skin or mucosal infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

does bacitracin have cross reactivity with other antibiotics?

A

nope!! lucky!!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is bacitracin only used as a topical drug? what are the four locations it can be used in?

A

because it is NEPHROTOXIC SYSTEMICALLY….wayyyyy dangerous so can only be used on skin, mucous membrane, opthalic, and GI tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what drug class is mupirocin [bactroban]?

A

topical antibiotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the MOA of mupirocin [bactroban]?

A

reversibly binds to the tRNA synthase and inhibits bacterial protein synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are the indications for mupirocin [bactroban]? (3)

A

superficial G+ (including MRSA)
selected G-
impetigo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what type of veichle is mupirocin [bactroban]?

A

polyethylene glycol vechicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

where are the only two places you can use mupirocin [bactroban]

A

skin or nasal use

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are two reasons you wouldn’t use mupirocin [bactroban]?

A
  1. use on large areas of skin…don’t do it

2. renal failure pts because thats how it is cleared, so its toxic if the patient can’t clear it…duh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the drug class for polymixin B sulfate?

A

topical antibiotic

Polymixin antibiotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the MOA for polymixin B sulfate?

A

interacts with the phospholipids and disrupts bacterial cell membrane

binds and inactivates endotoxins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the indication for polymixin B sulfate? what four bacteria does this target, which two are resistant?

A

superficial G- infections

  1. pseudomonas
  2. e. coli
  3. enterobacter
  4. klebsiella

Proteus and neisseria are resistance so you can’t use this to cover those!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what happens if polymixin B sulfate is systemically used?….even though it shouldn’t be because it says on the drug chart topical (5)

A

muscle weakness, apnea, parathesias, vertigo, slurred speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what does polymixin B sulfate interact with?

A

aminoglycosides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what two body sytems is polymixin B sulfate toxic to?

A

neurotoxic and ototoxic if it is systemically absorbed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the max dose allowed daily for polymixin B sulfate?

A

200 mg in 24 hours…it causes a lot of toxicity so thats why you can’t use that much!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what drug class is nystatin?

A

oral/topical antifungal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the MOA of nystatin?

A

binds to sterols in the fungal cell membrane, increasing permability so it can be destroyed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is the indication for nystatin?

A

topical skin and mucosal candida infections only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what are 3 side effects you worry about with nystatin?

A

bitter taste
contact dermatitis
sjs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what formulations does nystatin come in?

A 
tablets
suspension
cream
powder
troche formulations

minimal PO absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is the drug class for ciclopirox olamine?

A

topical antifungal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what is the MOA of ciclopirox olamine?
inhibits the uptake of precursors of macromolecular synthesis inhibiting fungal cell membrane formations
26
what is the indication for ciclopirox olamine? (3)
dermaphytes candida p orbiculare
27
what are two SE of ciclopirox olamine?
headache | alopecia
28
what should you avoid when using ciclopirox olamine?
occlusive dressing
29
what are the two formulations of ciclopirox olamine and what do you use them for?
1. 1% cream or lotion of dermatomycosis, candidiasis, tinea versicolor 2. 8% solution (penlac nail lacquer) for onchymycosis
30
what is the drug class for fluconazole?
oral antifungal
31
what is the MOA of fluconazole?
alters permeability of fungal cell wall
32
what is the indication for fluconazole?
candida and dermophyte fungal infections cyrptoccal meningitis
33
what are the SE of fluconazole?
seizures increase cholesterol chemical hepatitis SJS
34
what drug does fluconazole interact with and what does this increase the risk for?
1. HMG-CoA statins increase risk for rhabdomyolysis
35
what is the halflife for fluconazole?
30 Hours
36
what fluconazole bound to? what percent?
10% protein bound almost completely absorbed from the GI tract regardless of acidity or food
37
what is the fluconazole dose for candidal vaginitis?
150 mg dose
38
what is the drug class for terbinafine?
oral/topical antifungal
39
what is the MOA of terbinafine?
inhibits sterol synthesis and disrupts cell wall
40
what is the indication for oral and topical terbinafine?
oral: onchomycosis topical: tinea pedis
41
what is the contraindications for terbinafine?
hepatic or renal dysfunction
42
what are the 3 drug interactions seen with terbinafine?
increases effects of tricyclic antidepressants ( decreases codeine effectiveness cimetadine increases serum levels
43
what is the CrCl cut off for the use of oral terbinafine in patients?
don't use if
44
how much of terbinafine is bioavaliable after the first pass effect?
40% after the first pass so it basically loooses a ton because of the first pass
45
what percent of terbinafine is protein bound?
99% so it accumulates in the skin, nails, and fat
46
what is the t1/2 for terbinafine
12 H but 200-400H with steady state levels
47
what is the drug class of acyclovir?
nucleoside anti viral
48
what is the MOA of acyclovir?
blocks herpes virus nucleic acid synthesis
49
what is the indication for acyclovir?
``` HSV 1 +2 VZV EMV CMV HHV ```
50
what are four side effects you are concerned about with acyclovir?
1. nephritis 2. temors, 3. delerium 4. seizures?
51
what drug interactions can you see with acyclovir? (3)
probenicid cimetadine increase decrease elimination of MTX
52
what does acyclovir only accumulate in virus infected cells?
requires viral kinase for activation so it can only accumulates in virus infected cells 40-100x higher concentration in virus infected cells than regular cells
53
how is acyclovir eliminated?
glomular and tubular elimination
54
how is acyclovir doses?
dependent on the individual virus
55
what is the oral avaliability of acyclovir?
10-30% and decreases with increased dosing
56
how long can you use acyclovir for to supress genial herpes?
10 years!
57
how does acyclovir effect shedding and transmission?
90% decrease in shedding 50% decrease in transmission
58
what is Valcyclovir?
is the the prodrug form of acyclovir, its more potent but more expensive
59
what is the drug class for trentinoin?
Vitamin A or Retinoic Acid (topical agent)
60
what is the MOA of trentinoin?
bind to RARs and RXRs to regulate gene expression and increase epidermal cell turnover
61
what is the indication for trentinoin?
acne vulgaris | skin photoaging
62
what is the SE of trentinoin?
pigmentation changes | potent teratogen
63
what are the interactions with trentinoin?
astringents | abrasives
64
what percent of topical trentinoin is absorbed systemically?
less than 10%
65
what can trentinoin do in a patient with UV expsure?
cause tumors
66
what should you advice a patient who is begining trentinoin?
it can make the acne look worse initially because of the increase in epidermal cell turnover and can take SEVERAL MONTHS TO GET DESIRED RESULTS
67
what formulations does trentinoin come in?
topical solution gel cream microsponge formulations
68
what is the drug class for isotretinoin?
Retinoic acid (oral agent)
69
what is the MOA of isotretinoin?
undefined to normalize keratinization sebaceous glands and inhibit sebaceous gland size and funtion
70
what is the indication for isotretinoin?
refractory, severe cystic acne
71
what are the SE of isotretinoin?
LITERALLY EVERYTHING ``` corneal opacitiies arthalgia lipid increase abnormal menses IBS permature epiphyseal closure plus litterally every other complication known to man ```
72
what is the drug class for adapaline?
retinoid-ike anti acne agent
73
what is the MOA of adapaline?
retinoid like compound modulator of cellular differentiation, keratinization, and inflammatory process these are all part of the pathology of acne vulgaris so it interferes with al these
74
what is the indication for adapaline?
mild to moderate acne
75
what is the SE of adapaline?
sun exspsure, irritation of the skin
76
what type of skin should you not used adapaline on?
broken, abraded, suburned skin dermatitic skin
77
what are the drug interaction of adapaline?
vitamins A, D, E, K can AMPLIFY photosensitization effect
78
what can you combine adapaline with to make it more effective?
use topically alone or can combine with benzyl peroxide
79
what is the drug class for benzyl peroixide?
Benzoic Acid, Topical agent
80
what is the MOA of benzyl peroxide?
undefined but may be antimicrobial activity against P acnes can cause peeing and comedolytic activity
81
what is the indication for benzyl peroxide?
acne vulgaris
82
what is a SE of benzyl peroxide?
oxidant, can bleach hair and fabrics)
83
what percent of benzyl peroxide is absorbed topically?
84
what should be your starting concentration of benzyl peroixide?
2.5% starting and escalate if helpful!!! Dont get it in your eyes or mucous membranes it will STING SO BAD!!!
85
what are the efficacy for the TOPICAL STEROIDS: triamcinolone acetonide .25% triamcinolone acetonide .50% colbetasol proprionate
triamcinolone acetonide .25%=INTERMEDIATE triamcinolone acetonide .50%=HIGH colbetasol proprionate=HIGHEST
86
what are the MOA of triamcinolone acetonide .25% triamcinolone acetonide .50% colbetasol proprionate
Attaches to the GR receptor and inhibits protein synthesis
87
triamcinolone acetonide .25% triamcinolone acetonide .50% colbetasol proprionate what do you use steroids for?
antiinflammatory duh, since they are all steroids
88
what are the SE of the topical steroids: triamcinolone acetonide .25% triamcinolone acetonide .50% colbetasol proprionate 8 THINGS!!
``` striae fat distribution skin atrophy hyperglycemia HTZ myopathy cataracts behavioral disturbances ``` AKA PRETTY MUCH EVERYTHING.
89
triamcinolone acetonide .25% triamcinolone acetonide .50% colbetasol proprionate what two conditions should you avoid using these in?
don't use if the patient has gastric ulcers or osteoporosis just don't do it
90
what are the two drugs that the topical steroids can interact with: triamcinolone acetonide .25% triamcinolone acetonide .50% colbetasol proprionate
NSAIDS immunosuppressants think about it, the topical steroids make a person more apt to get an infection, so you def don't wanna give it to them if they are already on immunosuppressants.
91
what are the four things you want to monitor with long term use of topical steroids: triamcinolone acetonide .25% triamcinolone acetonide .50% colbetasol proprionate
lipid levels glucose CrCL and the response....duh, is it working?
92
how are the topical steroids metabolized and excreted: triamcinolone acetonide .25% triamcinolone acetonide .50% colbetasol proprionate
hepatic metabolism | renally excreted
93
what do you not want to use the two stronger topical steroids with? triamcinolone acetonide .50% colbetasol proprionate
an occlusive dressing!!...make the likely hood you will have side effects worse and with all the side effects of steroids...YOU DON'T WANT THIS!!
94
what is the drug class for calcipotriene?
psoriasis drug, topical vitamin D
95
what is the MOA of calcipotriene?
regulates skin cell production/proliferation
96
what is the indications for calcipotriene?
moderately severe plaque psoriasis
97
what are two things caused by calcipotriene?
hyperpigmentation, hypercalcemia
98
what are contras for calcipotriene?
hypercalcemia (this drug makes it worse) | Vit D toxicity (since this is vitamin D, duh)
99
when should you expect to see improvement when using calcipotriene? when is the max improvement seen?
2 weeks=see improvement | 8 weeks=max improvement
100
what percent of patients see local clearing when using calcipotriene?
10% see local clearing
101
what is the drug class of sulfasalazine?
Sulfonamide (Folate antagonist)
102
what is the MOA of sulfasalazine?
undefined local impact and systemic impact of decreasing prostaglandin and other cytokines
103
what is the indications for sulfasalazine? (5)
1. psoriasis 2. psoriatic arthritis 3. RA 4. ulcerative colitis 5. chrohns disease
104
what are the contraindications for sulfasalazine? (2)
hepatic imparitment!! if in the sun it can cause hemolytic anemia!!! woah
105
when should you not take sulfasalazine?
if you gave had the varicella vaccine, these increase the concentration of sulfasalazine
106
how is sulfasalazine metabolized and excreted?
hepatic metab and renal elimination
107
what is the drug class for methotrexate?
psoriasis drug oral Folate Antagonist
108
what is the MOA of methotrexate?
DHFR inhibitior which inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of immune inflammatory cells
109
what is the indication for methotrexate?
RA and psoriasis
110
what is are the SE seen with methotrexate?
``` vasculitis alopecia hepatic fibrosis bone marrow suppression pulmonary fibrosis! ```
111
what patients do you not use methotrexate in?
1. other folate drugs 2. renal or hepatic impairment 3. alcoholic cirrohsis
112
what drugs should you not take with methotrexate?
anti folate drugs
113
what does methotrexate do at protein binding sites?
it competes at the protein binding sites and can increases MTX serum concentration with bone marrow suppression
114
methotrexate is a .......
tetragen, don't use in PG or nursing!!
115
what drug class is hydroxyurea?
psoriasis drug, antimetabolite
116
what is the MOA of hydroxyurea?
undefined interference with DNA synthesis
117
what is the indication for hydroxyurea?
psoriasis
118
what are the side effects of hydroxyurea? (5)
1. drowsiness 2. vasculitis 3. hepatotoxicity 4. periphreal neuropathy 5. PULMONARY FIBROSIS
119
what do you not want to use hydroxyurea in?
hyperuricemia | hepatic or renal impairment
120
when do you not want to take hydroxyurea?
IF YOU HAVE HAD A VACCINE....just like methotrexate
121
hydroxyurea is a ........
TETRAGEN.....therefore you don't use it in nursing or pregnancy....just like methotrexate
122
what is the drug class for etanercept?
psoriasis drug Biological response modifier TNF alpha, beta blocker
123
what is the MOA of etanercept?
blocks TNF alpha receptor binding thereby inhibiting TH1 activity
124
what is the indication for etanercept? (3)
refractory psoriasis unresponsive to all other modalities psoriatic arthritis ankolosing spondylitis
125
what are the SE of etanercept? (4)
URIs reduced ability to fight off infection CHF exacerbation DEMYLINATING DISORDERS
126
what are the contraindications for etanercept? (4 thingssssss)
1. TB 2. HIV 3. Hepatitis B 4. CHF
127
what do you want to monitor for someone who is on etanercept? (2)
IPPD | LFTS
128
what is an important thin you need to do before prescribing someone etanercept?
PRETEST FOR TB, HIV, HEPATITIS, and CHF need to know this because if you give them this drug, it can allow these to flurish and you can get exacerbation...then you can be sued. oh joy. DONT DO IT
129
how is etanercept administered?
SQ 1-2x a week
130
what is the drug class for permethrin?
antiparasitic agent
131
what is the indications for permethrin?
5% cream: SCABIES | 1% cream rinse: LICE
132
what is the MOA of permethrin?
inhibits NA channel in parasitic cell membrane disrupting nerve transmission causing paralysis and death
133
what does the permethrin cream contain?
formaldehyde!!!! CRAZY

Module 4: Mali: Derm (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions