Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NMSP Exam 1 > Pharm Approaches To Pain > Flashcards

Pharm Approaches To Pain Flashcards

1
Q

What are analgesics?

A

Drugs that relieve pain without causing loss of consciousness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is hyperalgesia?

A

Increased response to a stimulus that is normally painful

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is hypoalgesia?

A

Diminished response to a painful stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is hyperesthesia?

A

Increased sensitivity to a stimulation excluding the special senses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is hypoesthesia?

A

Diminished sensitivity to stimulation excluding the special senses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is dysesthesia?

A

An unpleasant abnormal sensation whether spontaneous or evoked

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is paresthesia?

A

An abnormal sensation whether spontaneous or provoked

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is allodynia?

A

Pain resulting from a stimulus (such as light touch) that does not normally elicit pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is nociceptive pain?

A

Perception of input from a nociceptor, a nerve fiber preferentially sensitive to noxious stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is somatic nociceptive pain?

A

Arises from injury to body tissues; well localized but variable in description and experience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is visceral nociceptive pain?

A

Arises from viscera stretch receptors; poorly localized, deep, dull and cramping

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is neuropathic pain?

A

Arises from abnormal neural activity secondary to disease, injury, or dysfunction of the NS, commonly persists without ongoing disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is used to treat mild pain?

A

Non opioid analgesics (NSAIDs, acetaminophen)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is used to treat moderate pain?

A

Non opioid analgesics + opioids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is used to treat severe pain?

A

Non opioid analgesics + opioids + adjuncts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are some non-pharm treatment options for pain?

A

Exercise, physical therapy, other physical modalities (heat, ice, massage), sleep hygiene, behavioral/psychological therapies, healthy lifestyle, acupuncture

17
Q

What is the action of PGI2?

A

Vasodilation and decrease platelet aggregation

18
Q

What is the action of TxA2?

A

Vasoconstriction and increased platelet aggregation

19
Q

What are the similarities between COX1 and 2?

A

Both use same substrates, make the same products, have a role in inflammation, have a physiological role in renal function

20
Q

What are unique characteristics of COX1?

A

Expressed in all tissues all the time (constitutive), prominent role in responding to physiological stimuli, also contributes to response to any pathological stimuli that release AA from cells (ex inflammation)

21
Q

What are unique characteristics for COX2?

A

Expression induced in some tissues sometimes, physiological role in kidney (complements COX1), prominent role in response to any pathological stimuli that release AA from cells (ex. Inflammation)

22
Q

What are the recommendations for reducing cardiovascular risk?

A

All NSAIDs should be used at their lowest effective dose, and should be avoided where possible in pts with CVS risk factors, used only when sufficient pain relief is not achieved with other options, and where NSAID therapy is required for pts at risk of complications, naproxen is recommended as the NSAID of choice

23
Q

What are the contraindications for NSAID use?

A

CKD with creatinine clearance less than 60, active ulcer, cardiovascular disease particularly heart failure or uncontrollable HTN, NSAID allergy, ongoing treatment with anticoagulants (warfarin)

24
Q

What does acetaminophen not cause?

A

Suppresses pain and fever but not inflammation; does not cause GI ulceration, suppress platelet aggregation or impair renal function

25
Q

What is the safe dose for acetaminophen?

A

<3g/day; overdose is treated with N-acetylcysteine (a drug that substitutes for depleted glutathione)

26
Q

Acetaminophen use is usually recommended for first line tx for what?

A

Mild to moderate pain, such as skin injury, HA or MSK condition

27
Q

Acetaminophen is not as effective as NSAIDs for what?

A

Knee and hip pain due to OA but remains an option in part because of the adverse effects of NSAIDs on kidney function

28
Q

What are some topical anti-pain agents?

A

Capsaicin, camphor, menthol, topical NSAIDs, topical Na channel blocker

NMSP Exam 1 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions