Pharm ANS 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Spinal cord functions to sense?

A

Reflex changes in blood pressure, sweat production and micturition.

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2
Q

What is the function of Medulla oblongata?

A

Centers for control of blood pressure and respiration

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3
Q

Function of the Hypothalamus?

A

Principal locus of integration; controls body temperature, water balance, carbohydrate metabolism, sexual reflexes, emotional responses

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4
Q

Function of the cerebral cortex?

A

Volitional changes and conditioned autonomic responses.

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5
Q

Ach–> Ach
Nicotinic to muscarinic describes?

1–>1-2

A

Parasympathetic,

Cardiac and smooth muscle, gland cells, nerve terminals.

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6
Q

Ach–> Ne
Nicotinic to alpha/beta describes?

1–>20-50

ALSO

ACH–> Nicotinic neuronal –> Epi and Norepi

A

Sympathetic, Cardiac and smooth muscle, gland cells, nerve terminals

Adrenal medulla describes the second one.

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7
Q

Muscarinic receptors are coupled to what? Nicotinic receptors are coupled to what?

A

Muscarinic receptors are coupled to G proteins and Nicotinic receptors are coupled to ion channels

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8
Q

Odd Muscarinic receptors cause the release of?

A

Calcium

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9
Q

M2/M4 or the even muscarinic receptors cause?

A

Found in the heart, decreases cyclic a so it slows down heart, and slows down the contractility

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10
Q

Whats the difference between epinephrine and norepinephrine in terms of what receptors they activate?

A

NE activates a1 a2 and B1

E activates a1 a2 B1 and B2

So only Epinephrine activates B2 receptors

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11
Q

What is the predominant (basal tone) exerted by?

What is the exception to this rule?

A

Predominant basal tone is exerted by the PNS

The exception to this rule is that resistance blood vessels, these are not innervated by the PNS

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12
Q

Sympathetic or parasympathetic is generally more discrete of a response?

A

Sympathetic responses are generally LESS discrete than parasympathetic and act on a wider variety of targets. Less specific.

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13
Q

BB SLUDGE stands for?

A

Bradycardia, bronchoconstriction/bronchospasm/bronchorrea, Salivation, Lacrimation (tearing), Urination, Defecation, GI contractility/cramping, Emesis or Eye (constriction)

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14
Q

PSNS effect on the heart?

A

Effects M2 receptors - leads to decreased heart rate and AV conduction rate via effects on NODAL cells (decreased cAMP)

Reduced atrial contractility [m2 - Gi/o] via effects on cardiac muscle

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15
Q

What are the muscarinic receptor effects on vasculature?

A

M3 - Gq - Indirect effect of VASODILATION - mediated via synthesis of nitric oxide in endothelial cells

NO diffuses into vascular smooth muscle cells, increases cGMP resulting in relaxation

M3 receptors are NOT innervated - activation of the PNS does NOT result in vasodilation.

BUT these receptors can be activated by muscarinic agonist drugs.

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