Pharm ANS 2 Flashcards
Spinal cord functions to sense?
Reflex changes in blood pressure, sweat production and micturition.
What is the function of Medulla oblongata?
Centers for control of blood pressure and respiration
Function of the Hypothalamus?
Principal locus of integration; controls body temperature, water balance, carbohydrate metabolism, sexual reflexes, emotional responses
Function of the cerebral cortex?
Volitional changes and conditioned autonomic responses.
Ach–> Ach
Nicotinic to muscarinic describes?
1–>1-2
Parasympathetic,
Cardiac and smooth muscle, gland cells, nerve terminals.
Ach–> Ne
Nicotinic to alpha/beta describes?
1–>20-50
ALSO
ACH–> Nicotinic neuronal –> Epi and Norepi
Sympathetic, Cardiac and smooth muscle, gland cells, nerve terminals
Adrenal medulla describes the second one.
Muscarinic receptors are coupled to what? Nicotinic receptors are coupled to what?
Muscarinic receptors are coupled to G proteins and Nicotinic receptors are coupled to ion channels
Odd Muscarinic receptors cause the release of?
Calcium
M2/M4 or the even muscarinic receptors cause?
Found in the heart, decreases cyclic a so it slows down heart, and slows down the contractility
Whats the difference between epinephrine and norepinephrine in terms of what receptors they activate?
NE activates a1 a2 and B1
E activates a1 a2 B1 and B2
So only Epinephrine activates B2 receptors
What is the predominant (basal tone) exerted by?
What is the exception to this rule?
Predominant basal tone is exerted by the PNS
The exception to this rule is that resistance blood vessels, these are not innervated by the PNS
Sympathetic or parasympathetic is generally more discrete of a response?
Sympathetic responses are generally LESS discrete than parasympathetic and act on a wider variety of targets. Less specific.
BB SLUDGE stands for?
Bradycardia, bronchoconstriction/bronchospasm/bronchorrea, Salivation, Lacrimation (tearing), Urination, Defecation, GI contractility/cramping, Emesis or Eye (constriction)
PSNS effect on the heart?
Effects M2 receptors - leads to decreased heart rate and AV conduction rate via effects on NODAL cells (decreased cAMP)
Reduced atrial contractility [m2 - Gi/o] via effects on cardiac muscle
What are the muscarinic receptor effects on vasculature?
M3 - Gq - Indirect effect of VASODILATION - mediated via synthesis of nitric oxide in endothelial cells
NO diffuses into vascular smooth muscle cells, increases cGMP resulting in relaxation
M3 receptors are NOT innervated - activation of the PNS does NOT result in vasodilation.
BUT these receptors can be activated by muscarinic agonist drugs.