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NPLEX2 Med Interventions > Pharm Adv > Flashcards

Pharm Adv Flashcards

1
Q

Atenolol

A

selective beta blocker (beta 1)

CI: conduction blocks, shock, PVD, DM

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2
Q

Propranolol

A

non-selective beta blocker (beta 1, 2)

CI: conduction blocks, shock, PVD, DM, PAD, hemorrhage

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3
Q

Lisinopril

A

ACEI

First line CHF

SE: dry cough, potentially fatal - severe HYPOtn, angioedema

CI: angioedema, renal stenosis

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4
Q

Amlodipine

A

CCB

First line Prinzmetal angina

SE: edema CI: CHF

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5
Q

Clonidine

A

a2-adrenergic agonist

SE: dry mouth, somnolence

CI: conduction / pacemaker

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6
Q

Valsartan

A

ARB

SE: dizziness

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7
Q

Spironolactone

A

K-sparing diuretic (weakest)

SE: hyperkalemia, gynecomastia

CI: impaired renal function

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8
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide

A

diuretic, K-wasting (middle)

nephrogenic DI

SE: hypokalemia, met. alkalosis, gout, inc insulin need

CI: sulfa sensitivity, Addison’s, liver/renal dz

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9
Q

Furosemide

A

loop diuretic, K-wasting (strongest)

SIADH

SE: hypokalemia, hyperuricemia

CI: dehydration/electrolyte imbalance, sulfa sensitivity, liver/renal dz

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10
Q

Nitroglycerin

A

anti-anginas / nitrate vasodilator

SE: HA

CI: MI, anemia, Sildenafil use

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11
Q

Digoxin / Lanoxin

A

cardiac stimulant / digitalis glycoside

CHF, SV arrhythmia, A fib/flutter

SE: dizziness, mental disturbance

CI: toxicity, V tach/fib, obstructive cardiomyopathy

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12
Q

Amiodarone

A

antiarrythmic

SE: photosensitivity, skin discoloration, nervous system imbalance - ataxia, tremor, paresthesia

CI: SA or AV blocks, shock, bradycardia

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13
Q

Atorvastatin

A

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor

SE: HA, chest pain, edema

CI: liver dz/elevated enzymes, porphyria, pregnancy X

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14
Q

Gemfibrozil

A

Fibrate

SE: dyspepsia, abd pain

CI: liver/GB/renal dz

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15
Q

Bromocriptine / Parlodel

A

dopamine agonist

SE: N/V, HA, psychosis, hypotension

CI: Breast CA, lactation, ergot sensitivity, HTN, ischemic heart disease

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16
Q

Propythiouracil / PTU

A

antithyroid agent

SE: skin rash, warfarin interference

CI: hypothyroid, pregnancy

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17
Q

Levothyroxine / Synthroid

A

T4

SE: insomnia, irritability, tachycardia

CI: acute MI, thyrotoxicosis, adrenal insufficiency

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18
Q

Desiccated thyroid USP / Armour

A

T3 / T4

SE: tachycardia, insomnia, HA, diarrhea, tremor, arrhythmia

CI: acute MI, thyrotoxicosis, adrenal insufficiency

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19
Q

Glyburide

A

sulfonylurea - inc insulin secretion

SE: photosensitivity, weight gain

CI: DM I, DKA, sulfa allergy

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20
Q

Sitagliptin

A

DPP-4 inhibitor - raise incretin, inhibit glucagon release

SE: nausea, cold-like sx, photosensitivity, pancreatitis risk, jt pain

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21
Q

Pioglitazone

A

glitazone (or TZD) - reduces insulin resistance, decreases gluconeogenesis

SE: fracture, edema / CHF, anemia, bladder cancer?

CI: CHF, DM I, DKA, liver dz

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22
Q

Tamoxifen

A

SERM

SE: amenorrhea, fluid retention, nausea, hot flash, vag d/c or hemorrhage, weight loss, endometrial CA

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23
Q

Raloxifene / Evista

A

SERM

breast cancer, osteoporosis

SE: inc risk of DVT, PE, death from stroke, hot flashes

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24
Q

Mometasone

A

topical corticosteroid - medium strength

AE: inflammatory dermatoses, nasal polyps, allergies

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25
Q

Isotretinoin

A

retinoid

SE: birth defects, dyslipidemia, chelitis, conjunctivitis

CI: pregnancy X

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26
Q

Terbinafine / Lamisil

A

anti fungal

SE: elev. LFTs, hepatotoxic

CI: liver/renal dz, lactation

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27
Q

Misoprostol / Cytotec

A

prostaglandin

SE: diarrhea, abd pain

CI: pregnancy X

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28
Q

Sucralfate / Carafate

A

pepsin inhibitor

SE: constipation

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29
Q

Dicyclomine / Bentyl

A

antispasmodic / antimuscarinic (anticholinergic)

SE: constipation, dyspepsia, dry mouth, urinary retention

CI: obstruction, severe UC, glaucoma, reflux esophagitis

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30
Q

Loperamide

A

opioid analogue

SE: constipation, drowsiness

CI: bloody or infectious diarrhea, high fever, acute UC, psuedomembranous colitis

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31
Q

Bismuth subsalicylate / Pepto

A

salicylate (anti-secretory)

SE: nausea, black tongue

CI: aspirin, other salicylates, inc bleeding w/warfarin

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32
Q

Sodium phosphate enema

A

phosphoric acid salt / saline laxative

SE: acute renal failure, hypoglycemia, hyper-Na/K

CI: children, comorbid elderly; N/V, severe pain, renal impairment

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33
Q

Sulfasalazine / Azulfidine

A

salicylate sulfonamide (anti-inflam, anti-rheum)

SE: anorexia, HA, N/V, gastric distress, oligospermia

CI: sulfa or salicylate sensitivity, GI or urinary obstruction, porphyria, infants

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34
Q

Metoclopramide

A

dopamin antagonist / antiemetic

SE: dystonia/tardive dysk, fatigue, sedation, restlessness

CI: GI hemorrhage, Parkinsons, perforation, epilepsy, pheo, Rx: phenothiazines, butyrophenones

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35
Q

Prochlorperazine

A

dopamine antagonist / antiemetic

SE: uncontrollable restlessness, sedation, antichol. sx

CI: coma, CNS depression (meds), HTN, CVD, poor seizure control, lactation

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36
Q

Rivastigmine

A

cholinesterase inhibitor

SE: diarrhea, N/V, cramps, vivid dreams

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37
Q

Tolterodine

A

anticholinergic

SE: dry eyes/mouth, HA, dizziness, tachycardia, etc

CI: urinary retention, close-angle glaucoma

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38
Q

Finasteride

A

5-alpha reductase inhibitor

SE: gynecomastia, impotence, dec libido

CI: exposure to women/children

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39
Q

Tamsulosin / Flomax

A

selective a1 adrenergic blocker

SE: abn ejaculation, arthralgia, hypotension, HA

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40
Q

Sildenafil

A

vasodilator

SE: HA, epistaxis, insomnia, AV block

CI: nitrate use - fatal hypotension

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41
Q

Phenazopyridine

A

non-opioid analgesic

SE: GI, HA, rash, discoloration of fluids

CI: severe liver/kidney impairment

42
Q

Deferoxamine

A

iron chelator

SE: neurotoxic, inc risk of cataract

CI: pregnancy, kidney dz

43
Q

DMSA

A

lead, mercury, antimony, arsenic chelator

SE: N/V, diarrhea, pain, gas, elev LFTs

44
Q

EDTA

A

mercury, lead, iron chelator

SE: fever, chills, fatigue, pain, arrhythmia, HA, N/V, etc

CI: anuria, renal/hepatic dz

45
Q

DMPS

A

mercury, gold, arsenic chelator

46
Q

HPV quadrivalent

A

SE: HA, fever, nausea, seizures

CI: allergy to yeast

47
Q

Hepatitis A vax

A

CI: egg allergy, immunosuppressant use, HIV

48
Q

Hepatitis B vax

A

CI: egg allergy, immunosuppressant use, HIV

49
Q

Influenza vax

A

CI: live attenuated virus w/ asthma, egg allergy

50
Q

RGE / Rotarix (RotaTeq)

A

SE: fever, N/V, diarrhea, gas, bronchospasm, OM, seizure

CI: hx of intussusception or GI malformation

51
Q

Anastrozole

A

aromatase inhibitor

SE: hot flashes, vasodilation, fatigue, N/V

52
Q

5-Fluorouracil / Adrucil

A

antimetabolite

SE: hematologic toxicity, hemorrhage, death

53
Q

Vinblastine / Velban

A

mitotic inhibitor

IV only; extravasation -> cellulitis

54
Q

Doxorubicin / Adriamycin

A

anthracycline

SE: myelosuppression, cardiotoxicity, liver damage, many drug rxns

55
Q

Methotrexate

A

folic acid antagonist

SE: hepatotoxicity, myelosuppression, nephropathy

56
Q

Paclitaxel

A

mitotic inhibitor

SE: neutropenia

CI: pregnancy, nursing, alcoholic, blood dyscrasia

57
Q

Trastuzumab / Herceptin

A

HER-2 inhibitor

SE: potentially fatal heart, lung, inj site problems

58
Q

Diphenhydramine

A

H1 blocker

SE: drowsiness, dry mouth, blurred vision

50mg IV + epinephrine for severe anaphylaxis

25-50mg p.o. q8 hrs over 24 hours for mild

59
Q

Epinephrine

A

sympathomimetic

AE: anxiety/restlessness, tremor, dizziness, sweating, palpitations, headache,

60
Q

Atropine

A

anti arrhythmic, anticholinergic

SE: tachy, palpitation, mydriasis, dry mouth

CI: close-angle glaucoma, myasthenia gravis, ileus, megacolon

61
Q

Dextroamphetamine

A

CNS stimulant

SE: appetite loss, insomnia, palpitation, tachycardia

CI: hyperthyroid, glaucoma, HTN, MAOI

62
Q

Methylphenidate

A

piperidine derivative

SE: HA, insomnia, appetite loss, N/V

CI: glaucoma, tourettes, severe anxiety

63
Q

Oxymetazoline

A

decongestant

SE: stinging, burning, rebound congestion

CI: glaucoma, hyperthyroid, CVD, HTN

64
Q

Pseudoephedrine

A

a- b-adrenergic agonist, decongestant

SE: rebound congestion, fear, anxiety, confusion

CI: severe HTN, pheo

65
Q

Phenylephrine

A

sympathomimetic, decongestant

SE: anxiety, reflex bradycardia, HA, HTN, N/V

CI: HTN, v tach, glaucoma

66
Q

Phentermine

A

sympathomimetic, weight loss agent

SE: hives, GI upset, palpitation, HTN, restlessness

CI: pulm HTN, hyperthyroid, CVD, glaucoma

67
Q

Nicotine

A

cholinergic, smoking cessation

SE: HA, flu sx, insomnia, nausea, vivid dreams

CI: nonsmokers, recent CVA / MI, unstable angina

68
Q

Alprazolam

A

anxiolytic

SE: drowsiness, depression, HA

CI: glaucoma, CNS / resp depression, OSA

69
Q

Buspirone

A

azaspirodecanedione / anxiolytic

SE: dizziness, drowsiness, nausea, HA

CI: epilepsy, MAOI, renal / hepatic dz

70
Q

Zolpidem / Ambien

A

hypnotic, sedative

SE: amnesia, sedation, N/V, dizziness, confusion

CI: hepatic insufficiency

71
Q

Melatonin

A

tryptamine

SE: inc seizures, drowsiness, HA, disturbed circadian rhythm

CI: immunosuppressive tx

72
Q

Carbamazepine

A

anticonvulsant, antiseizure

SE: ataxia, dizziness, drowsiness, N/V

CI: bone marrow depression, porphyria, pregnancy, MAOI

73
Q

Phenytoin

A

anticonvulsant

SE: anorexia, HA, dizziness, tremor, GI upset

CI: sinus bradycardia heart block, pregnancy

74
Q

Modafinil

A

CNS stimulant

SE: HA, insomnia, anxiety

CI: unmanaged HTN / arrhythmia, heart dz

75
Q

Carisoprodol

A

muscle relaxant

SE: dizziness, drowsiness, GI distress, orthostatic HTN

76
Q

Ketamine

A

NMDA antagonist, anesthetic

SE: HTN, inc intracranial pressure, hallucination

CI: HTN, CVA, eye injury / pressure, psych d/o

77
Q

Cyclobenzaprine

A

muscle relaxant, ANS agent

SE: drowsiness, dry mouth, HA, dizziness

CI: MI, arrhythmia, liver dz

78
Q

Levodopa-carbidopa / Sinemet

A

dopamine precursor / decarboxylase inhibitor

SE: dyskinesia, N/V, hallucination, depression

CI: lactation, glaucoma, MI

79
Q

Pramipexole

A

dopamine agonist

SE: narcolepsy, nausea, constipation

CI: lactation

80
Q

Amitriptyline

A

TCA

SE: lethargy, anticholinergic effects

CI: significant CVD, sensitivity to TCA or BZD

81
Q

Fluoxetine

A

SSRI

SE: anxiety, drowsiness, insomnia, sexual dysfxn

CI: MAOI

82
Q

Trazodone

A

phenylpiperazine

SE: drowsiness, dry mouth, HA, blurred vision, N/V

CI: MAOIs, MI, pregnancy, suicidality

83
Q

Phenelzine

A

MAOI

SE: postural hypotension, dizziness, HA, insomnia

CI: uncontrolled HTN, CVD, CHF, pheo, liver/renal dz

84
Q

Lithium / Eskalith

A

mood stabilizer,

SE: polyuria, fatigue, memory impairment, acne, tremor, DI

CI: renal/cardio dz, sodium depletion, dehydration, hypothyroid

85
Q

Codeine

A

opioid agonist

SE: constipation, sedation, hypotension, dependence

CI: acute abd, diarrhea, resp depression, post-op in children for tonsillectomy

86
Q

Hydrocodone

A

opioid agonist

SE: constipation, N/V, drowsiness, confusion, CV d/o

CI: obstructive airway dz, resp depression

87
Q

Oxycodone

A

opioid agonist

SE: urinary spasm, CV effects, dysphoria, mood change, dependence, miosis, dec libido

CI: resp depression, alcoholism, risk of ileus, head injury

88
Q

Methadone

A

opioid agonist

SE: N/V, constipation, anorexia, abd pain, resp depression

CI: resp depression, bronchial asthma, alcoholism

89
Q

Morphine

A

opioid agonist

SE: pruritus, urinary retention, vomiting, HA, somnolence

CI: resp depression, asthma, ileus, obstructive airway dz, liver dz, coma, alcoholism, MAOI

90
Q

Naltrexone

A

opioid antagonist

SE: N/V, HA, anorexia, insomnia, dizziness, arthralgia

CI: concurrent opioid use, liver dz

91
Q

Sumatriptan / Imitrex

A

5-HT agonist

SE: paresthesia, dizziness, warm/hot sensation

CI: hx of MI / stroke, liver dz, IHD, uncontrolled HTN, PVD

92
Q

Oxytocin / Pitocin

A

uterine stimulant

SE: hypotension, reflex tachycardia, uterine bleeding

fetus: jaundice, arrhythmia, bradycardia, seizure, low apgar

93
Q

Hydroxyzine

A

anxiolytic, antihistamine

SE: CNS depression or paradoxical stimulation, dry mouth, thickened secretions

94
Q

Fluticasone

A

corticosteroid

SE: URI, HA, oral candidiasis, cough

CI: status asthmatics, acute bronchospasm

95
Q

Albuterol / Salbutamol

A

b2 agonist

SE: tremor, HTN, vomiting, vertigo

CI: eclampsia, uterine infx, antepartum hemorrhage, CVD

96
Q

Tiotropium bromide

A

anticholinergic, antimuscarinic

SE: URI, dry mouth, sinusitis

CI: severe sensitivity to milk proteins

97
Q

Montelukast sodium

A

leukotriene receptor antagonist

SE: HA

98
Q

Dextromethorphan

A

antitussive

SE: dizziness, hallucination, fever, HTN

CI: risk of resp failure, MAOI, persistent cough

99
Q

Guifenesin

A

expectorant

SE: N/V/discomfort, dizziness, drowsy, HA, rash

CI: persistent cough

100
Q

Oxymetazoline

A

Decongestant

SE: local sting/burn, dryness, rebound congestion

CI: glaucoma, hyperthyroid, CVD, HTN, arteriosclerosis

NPLEX2 Med Interventions (3 decks)

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