pharm - adrenergic agonists

Question 1

Epinephrine

Answer 1

direct adrenergic agonist - catecholamine

can bind to ALL adrenergic receptors

causes:

• vasconstriction & increases BP (A1)
• cardiac stimulation (B1)
• bronchodilation & skeletal muscle vasodilation (B2)

used in:
anaphylactic shock & cardiac arrest

Question 2

Norepinephrine

Answer 2

direct adrenergic agonist - catecholamine

causes:

• vasoconstriction & increases BP (A1)
• cardiac stimulation (B1)

used in:
hypotension & shock

Question 3

Isoproterenol

Answer 3

direct adrenergic agonist - catecholamine

causes:

• cardiac stimulation (B1)
• bronchodilation (B2)

used in:
tx of asthma, AV block, and bradycardia

Question 4

Dopamine

Answer 4

direct adrenergic agonist - catecholamine

*precursor to EPI, NE

causes:

• renal vasodilation (D1)
• cardiac stimulation (B1)
• increases BP (A1)

used in:
cardiogenic shock
septic shock
heart failure
adjunct to fluid admin in hypovolemic shock

Question 5

Dobutamine

Answer 5

direct adrenergic agonist - catecholamine

• highest affinity for B1 receptor
• less activity at A1 receptor

used in:
cardiogenic shock
cardiac arrest
heart failure

Question 6

Phenylephrine

Answer 6

direct adrenergic agonist - non-catecholamine

-vasoconstriction, increase BP, mydriasis (A1)

used as:
nasal decongestion
ocular decongestion
maintenance of BP during surgery

Question 7

Albuterol

Answer 7

direct adrenergic agonist - non-catecholamine

• bronchodilation (B2)
• used to tx asthma

Question 8

Clonidine

Answer 8

direct adrenergic agonist - non-catecholamine

-inhibits NE release from nerve terminal of postganglionic neuron (FEEDBACK INHIBITION - A2)

used to tx chronic hypertension
can have effects in CNS (sedation)

Question 9

Terbutaline

Answer 9

direct adrenergic agonist - non-catecholamine

-bronchodilation & uterine relaxation (B2)

used to tx:
asthma
premature labor

Question 10

Amphetamine

Answer 10

indirect adrenergic agonist

-increases release of NE & DA from sympathetic NS neurons
-vasoconstriction, cardiac stimulation, increases BP
-penetrates CNS – CNS stimulation
(increases mood & alertness, decreases appetite)

Question 11

Cocaine

Answer 11

indirect adrenergic agonist

local anesthetic

• stimulates symp NS by blocking reuptake of NE & DA in para & symp NS
• similar effects as amphetamine

Question 12

Tyramine

Answer 12

indirect adrenergic agonist

• normal by-product of tyrosine metabolism in body
• found in high conc. in fermented foods
  (ie. cheeses, beers, red wine, cured meats)
• indirect sympathiometric b/c it causes the release of stored catecholamines
• normally metabolized by MAO
  
  • -> so if taking MAO inhibitor must avoid tyramine-containing foods

Question 13

Pseudoephedrine

Answer 13

mixed (direct/indirect) adrenergic agonist

causes vasoconstriction by binding to A1
increases release of NE from symp neurons

used as nasal decongestant