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pharm Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

bacitracin

A

treats and prevents local skin infections from scrapes, insect bites, minor cases of dermatitis

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2
Q

neomycin

A

treats and prevents infections from minor trauma- scrapes, insect bites, minor cases of dermatitis

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3
Q

plymyin

A

treats and prevents infections from minor trauma

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4
Q

neosporin cream

A

combines neomycin and polymyxin which are to broad-spectrum antibiotics

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5
Q

neosporin ointmen

A

combines neomycin and polymyxin with bacitracin

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6
Q

mupirocin (bactroban)

A

available by prescription for the patient with MRSA )a resistance to specific antibiotics))

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7
Q

benzoyl peroxide

A

used to treat acne, available in several forms, gel, crea, lotion, liquid cleanser, cleansing bar

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8
Q

clindamycin (dalacin)

A

used to treat and manage acne

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9
Q

tretinoin (retin-A)

A

a derivative of vitamin A, used to manage acne

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10
Q

silver sulfadiazine (Flamazene)

A

prevents and treats infections secondary to burns, should not be used with a known allergy to sulfonamide drugs

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11
Q

cream

A

water-based, non-greasy, of value when widespread areas need treatment

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12
Q

Ointment:

A

oil-based, sticky and greasy, good for small areas and dry lesions

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13
Q

Paste:

A

greasy and occlusive, protects small areas

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14
Q

Gel and jelly:

A

water-based, lubricates and promotes penetration of its medical ingredient

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15
Q

oil:

A

occlusive liquid that contains little or no water

solution: non-greasy liquid that dries quickly

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16
Q

Spray:

A

thin liquid or powder film

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17
Q

clotrimazole (canesten)

A

treats tinea infections and vaginal yeast infections

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18
Q

nystatin (nyaderm)

A

manages candidiasis, thrush (oral yeast infection)

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19
Q

tinactin

A

available in gel, powder and spray to manage tinea infections

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20
Q

miconazole (monistat)

A

inhibits fungal growth

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21
Q

acyclovir (zovirax)

A

is the only topical antiviral currently available. gloves should be worn to prevent spreading the virus

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22
Q

lidocaine

A

available in various forms including liquid for injection, spray, and cream.

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23
Q

The EMLA patch contains..

A

lidocane and prilocaine - usually used with children, and is applied one hour prior to a procedure to ensure that the area is numb

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24
Q

histamine is

A

a substance that dilates small blood vessels and aids with the transmission of nerve impulses.

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25
Q

diphenhydramine (benadryl)

A

antihistamine cream. because of systemic absorption and toxicity, topical antihistamines should not be used to treat conditions that involve large areas of the body

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26
Q

calamine lotion (caladryl)

A

used to relieve itching over a large body surface

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27
Q

betamethasone (betaderm)

A

potent corticosteroid may also be used to manage psoriasis

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28
Q

hydrocortisone (Fucidin H)

A

milder corticosteroid

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29
Q

adverse effects of corticosteroids can be

A

allergic dermatitis, skin eruptions, burning, stinging

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30
Q

crotamiton (eurax)

A

used to treat scabies

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31
Q

permethrin (kwellada-P, Nix)

A

safe product used to treat scabies, mites, lice and their eggs

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32
Q

dimeticone (nyda spray)

A

treats head lice, and is safe in children 2 years and older

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33
Q

flurouracil (Efudex)

A

used to treat premalignant lesions. Can also be used to treat superficial basal cell carcinoma, in conjunction with surgical excision of the lesion

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34
Q

imiquimod (Aldara P, Vyloma)

A

believed to enhance the body’s immune response

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35
Q

isopropyl alcohol

A

used to prepare small areas of the skin for interventions (ie. injections) available in liquid form and individually-packaged squares. (commonly called alcohol swabs)

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36
Q

chlorexidine (hibitane)

A

used as a hand washing agent and surgical scrub

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37
Q

povidone-iodine

A

a widely-used antiseptic to cleanse skin prior to surgery, to treat infected post-operative incisions, to cleanse minor cuts and scrapes

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38
Q

can cause nervous system toxicity in newborns and patients with severe burns

A

Hibitane

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39
Q

collagenase (santyl)

A

removes dead tissue and does not harm the surrounding normal healthy tissue

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40
Q

iodine

A

promotes healing by absorbing exudate (fluid and cells that seep out of the skin)

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41
Q

common emollients are

A

oils, shea butter, cocoa butter, lanolin, petrolatum, beeswax, and various oils (coconut, almond)

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42
Q

CNS

A

central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord)

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43
Q

PNS

A

peripheral nervous system (two divisions of the ANS)

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44
Q

ANS

A

automatic nervous system

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45
Q

SNS

A

sympathetic nervous system

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46
Q

PSNS

A

parasympathetic nervous system

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47
Q

epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine are the neurotransmitters that affect the

A

SNS

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48
Q

acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter that affects the

A

PSNS

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49
Q

Adrenergic drugs

A

these mimic SNS responses

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50
Q

adrenergic-blocking drugs

A

these block SNS responses

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51
Q

cholinergic drugs

A

these mimic PSNS responses

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52
Q

cholinergic blocking drugs

A

these block PSNS responses

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53
Q

epinephrine (adrenalin)

A

administered IV during emergencies such as shock, and cardiac arrest to produce a heart rate, elevate blood pressure, promote respirations in sever asthmatic episodes

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54
Q

dopamine

A

administered IV to treat shock and hypo tension (low blood pressure)

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55
Q

norepinephrine (levophed)

A

administered IV to treat shock and hypotension

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56
Q

midodrine (amatine)

A

administered PO to treat chronic hypotension

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57
Q

alpha blockers

A

they compete and displace norepinephrine

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58
Q

beta-blockers

A

they compete with norepinephrine and epinephrine

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59
Q

phentolamine (rogitine)

A

used to treat high blood pressure

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60
Q

tamsulosin (Flomax)

A

manage BPH (benign prostatic hypertrophy) in males

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61
Q

atenolol (tenormin)

A

to manage hypertension and agina

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62
Q

metoprolol (lopressor)

A

often used after MI (myocardial infarction)

63
Q

MI

A

myocardial infarction

64
Q

propranolol (inderal)

A

to treat hypertension, angina; also used to manage migraine headaches

65
Q

sotalol (rylosol)

A

to manage cardiac arrhythmias (abnormal heart rhythms)

66
Q

esmolol (brevibloc)

A

to lower a rapid ventricular heart rate

67
Q

bethanechol (urecholine)

A

contracts the bladder and is primarily used to treat urinary retention after surgery or obstetrical delivery

68
Q

pilocarpine (miocarpine)

A

used to produce miosis (pupil constriction)

69
Q

carbachol (miostat)

A

used to produce miosis (constrict the pupil)

70
Q

succinylcholine (quelicin)

A

decreases impulses to skeletal muscle - used in the operating room to produce muscle paralysis during surgery

71
Q

atropine

A

used to increase the heart rate, manage bradycardia, treat asystole, and to dilate the respiratory system

72
Q

dicyclomine (bentylol)

A

primarily used to decrease GI motility in conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome

73
Q

oxybutynin (ditropan)

A

management of an over active bladder

74
Q

tolterodine (detrol)

A

management of an overactive bladder

75
Q

scopolamine (hyoscine)

A

mostly used to manage excessive oral secretions in the terminal patient

76
Q

the ANS has two branches

A

the SNS called the fight or flight branch

the PSNS known as the rest-and-digest branch

77
Q

ID

A

intradermal

78
Q

IM

A

intramuscular

79
Q

IV

A

intravenous

80
Q

IVPB

A

intravenous piggy back

81
Q

NEB

A

nebulizer

82
Q

NG

A

nasogastric

83
Q

PO

A

per os (by mouth, orally)

84
Q

R (or pr)

A

rectally (per rectum)

85
Q

SL

A

sublingual

86
Q

subcut

A

subcutaneous

87
Q

ac

A

before meals

88
Q

ad lib

A

as desired, freely

89
Q

am or (AM)

A

morning

90
Q

bid

A

twice a day

91
Q

h or hr

A

hour

92
Q

hs or HS

A

at bedtime

93
Q

NPO

A

nothing by mouth

94
Q

pc

A

after meals

95
Q

PM or pm

A

evening

96
Q

PRN or prn

A

when needed, as necessary

97
Q

q2h

A

every 2 hours

98
Q

qd

A

every day

99
Q

qh

A

every hour

100
Q

qid

A

four times a day

101
Q

stat

A

immediately

102
Q

tid

A

three times a day

103
Q

TKVO

A

to keep vein open

104
Q

qh3

A

every 3 hours

105
Q

qh4

A

every 4 hours

106
Q

cap

A

capsue

107
Q

EC

A

enteric-coated

108
Q

ER

A

extended-release

109
Q

SR

A

sustained-release

110
Q

supp

A

suppository

111
Q

tab

A

tablet

112
Q

ung

A

ointment

113
Q

cm

A

centimeter

114
Q

g or Gm

A

gram

115
Q

gtt

A

drop

116
Q

IU

A

international unit

117
Q

L

A

litre

118
Q

mEq

A

milliequivalent

119
Q

ml or mL

A

mililitre

120
Q

oz

A

ounce

121
Q

tbsp

A

tablespoon

122
Q

tsp

A

teaspoon

123
Q

mcg

A

microgram

124
Q

mg

A

miligram

125
Q

mm

A

milimeter

126
Q
A

less than

127
Q

>

A

greater than

128
Q

D/C or d/c

A

discontinue

129
Q

TO

A

telephone order

130
Q

VO

A

verbal order

131
Q

1000 mg =

A

1g

132
Q

1mg =

A

1/1000g (0.001g)

133
Q

1000ml =

A

1L

134
Q

1ml =

A

1/1000L

135
Q

1 tsp=

A

5 ml

136
Q

1 tbsp =

A

15 ml

137
Q

1 oz =

A

30 ml

138
Q

a malignant tumour is

A

formed of cancer cells that infiltrate surrounding tissue

139
Q

drugs used to manage cancer are called

A

anticancer drugs, antineoplastic drugs, or cytotoxic drugs

140
Q

anticancer

A

works to fight and stop cancer growth and spread

141
Q

antineoplastic

A

against neoplasms, works to fight and stop the growth and spread of neoplasms

142
Q

chemotherapy

A

therapy that uses chemicals (drugs)

143
Q

cytotoxic

A

toxic to cells; drugs have poisoned formulas designed to destroy, kill and eradicate cancer cells.

144
Q

methotrexate (metoject)

A

IV injection, also available for PO administration - interferes with actions that are essential for cell reproduction

145
Q

vincristine

A

IV use only (fatal if administered by other routes) - plant derivatives which slow cell division

146
Q

etoposide (VePesid)

A

IV administration, can also be taken PO - inhibits enzyme which breaks the cell’s DNA strand

147
Q

irinotecan (camptosar)

A

IV adminstration only - inhibits effective DNA function

148
Q

asparaginase (kidrolase)

A

IV or IM administration - approved exclusively to treat ALL (acute lymphocyte leukemia)

149
Q

ALL

A

acute lymphocyte leukemia

150
Q

cisplatin

A

IV administration- alters the cell’s DNA chemical structure

151
Q

doxorubicin (adriamycin)

A

IV administration - blocks the cell’s DNA synthesis and breaks the cell’s DNA strands

152
Q

tamoxifen (tamofen)

A

PO administration - blocks sex hormone receptors, can be used to manage breast cancer

153
Q

bevacizumab (avastin)

A

is administered IV and inhibits cells from receiving the oxygen they require to grow and proliferate

Medical Conditions (4 decks)

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