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Dentistry > Pharm > Flashcards

Pharm Flashcards

1
Q

Ibuprofen

Drug Classification?

MOA?

A

Classification: NSAIDs, analgesic, antinflammatory, antipyretic

MOA: non-selective COX inhibitor; decreases production of protglandins (inflammatory mediators) and thromboxane

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2
Q

Acetaminophen

A

MOA

analgesic -

pregnancy- B

neurotoxicity /headaches

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3
Q

Amoxicillin

A

MOA

500 mg TID

inhibit cell wall syntheisis

broad spec

Pen V K 500mg x qid

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4
Q

Clindamycin

A

MOA

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5
Q

Midazolam Classification

paradoxical reaction-

A

Classification: Benzodiazepine/CNS depressant

(Versed)

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6
Q

Midazolam Pharmacological effects

A

Effects: -sedative-hypnotic -anxiolytic -anterorgrade amnesic properties ( no retrograde) -Muscle relaxant -Anticonvulsant

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7
Q

Midazolam: Duration of action Dosage T ½ life

A

Duration of Action: Rapid onset (0.5 - 2 mins) short duration of action Doseage 0.01 -0.1mg/kg T ½ life: 2 hours

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8
Q

Midazolam Mechanism of Action?

A

MOA: increase activity of inhibitory NT GABA

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9
Q

Midazolam: Metabolism? Elimination?

A

Metabolism: hepatic CYP Elimination: Kidney

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10
Q

Midazolam: Contraindications Pregnancy category

A

Contraindications: narrow angle glaucoma, severe respiratory disease (COPD), heart failure, impaired hepatic/renal function Pregnancy: D

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11
Q

Midazolam: reversal agent

A

Reversal drug: Flumazenil- competitive antagonist; 0.2mg q 60secs- lasts 20 mins - caution: resedation can occur

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12
Q

Propofol MOA

A

MOA: poorly understood- modulates function of NT GABA and its receptors to produce anaesthesia (NO ANALGESIA)

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13
Q

Fentanyl Indications:

A

Indications: IV induction, maintenance and recovery of general anaesthesia

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14
Q

Fentanyl Drug Classification:

A

Analgesic: opioid agonist 100x potency of morphine

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15
Q

Fentanyl Dose

A

Dose: 0.5 mcg/kg load; 0.01-0.04 mcg/kg/min maintenance

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16
Q

Fentanyl MOA

A
  • activation mu receptors and subsequent decrease of Ca influx and hyperpolarization of cell and inhibition of nerve activity

MME morphine mg equivalents- morphine is 1

17
Q

Fentanyl Pharmokinetics Onset Duration Metabolism Elimination T ½ life

A

Onset: 1-3 mins

Duration: 30-60 mins

Metabolism: hepatic cytochrome P450

T1/2: 7 hours

18
Q

Propofol Classification? Indication?

side effects

buring at site

A

Classification: IV anaesthetic, sedative/hypnotic Antiemetic properties

Indication: an induction and maintenance agent for general anaesthesia; may also be used as a sedative

19
Q

Propofol Pharmakinetics Onset/duration Metabolism Elimination T ½ like Dose

A
  1. rapid induction (was 15-30 secs); short duration (5-10 mins); rapid recovery 2. Metabolism: hepatic - glucouronidation and CYP enzymes; 3. elimination: inactive metabolites excreted by kidneys T ½ life: 2-10 minutes Dose: 0.5 mg/kg over 3-5 mins???
20
Q

Propofol Pregnancy Classification negative effects/contraindications

A

Pregnancy category: B Disadvantages: Myocardial depression and vasodilation and hypotension, respiratory depression

21
Q

Pseudoephedrine

Brand name:

Drug Class

Schedule

Uses:

Preganancy Category

A

Pseudoephedrine hydrochloride/sulphate

Sudafed

Drug Class: α->>and β-adrenergic receptor agonist

Schedule: OTC

Uses: decongestant

Preganancy Category: C

22
Q

Pseudoephedrine

MOA

A

Pseudoephedrine

MOA: sympathomimetic that directly stimulates α-adrenergic>> and β-adrenergic receptors in the mucosa of respiratory tract producing vasoconstriction (α-adrenergic), and relaxing bronchial smooth muscle (β-adrenergic)

-produces vasoconstriction of respiratory tract mucosa; shrinks nasal mucous membranes; reduces edema and nasla cogestion

23
Q

Pseudoephedrine

Route

Absorption

Metabolism

Elimination

A

Pseuodoephedrine Parmacokinetics

Route: PO

Absorption: GI track (no 1st pass metabolism)

Distribution:

Metabolism: primarily liver

Elimination: kidneys (urine)

Protein binding: doesn’t biind to plasma proteins in concentration range between 50-2000 ng/ml

24
Q

Pseudoephedrine

Dosage: adult/pediatric Max dose:

Onset:

duration:

t1/2 life:

A

Dose

  • adult: 60 mg q4-6h; max: 240 mg/day
  • extended dose 120mg q 12h
  • child: 30 mgq 6h; max: 120mg/day

Onset: 15-30 mins

Duration: 4-6 hrs; 8-12 hrs

t1/2: 9-16 hr (child: 3h)

25
Q

Pseudoephedrine

Contrindications

Cautions

Dental Concerns

A

Contraindications:

pregnancy and breast-feeding

CAD

severe HT

MAO inhibitors (MAO breaksdown NE, Epi- inhibiting this)

Caution:

-cardiac (tachycardia/palpations); hyperthyroidism, DM

Dental Concerns:

  • dysrythmia (hydrocarbon inhalation anaesthetics)
  • Increased CNS, cardiovascular effects (sympathomimetic)
26
Q

Oxymetazoline (Oxymetazoline hydrochloride )

Brand name:

Drug Class

Schedule

Uses:

Preganancy Category

A

Brand name: Afrin

Drug Class: α-adrenergic receptor agonist, sympathomimetic amine

Schedule: OTC

Uses: decongestant; vasoconstriction resulting in decreased blood flow and decreased nasal congestion

Preganancy Category: C

27
Q

Oxymetazoline hydrochloride (Afrin)

MOA

A

MOA- α-adrenergic receptors agonist

-acts directly on the arterioles of the nasal mucosa by binding to α-adrenergic receptors n arterioles producing vasoconstriction

(diated nasal vessels cause nasal congestion)

28
Q

Oxymetazoline

Route

Absorption

Metabolism

Elimination

A

Route: intranasal spray (topical)

Absorption: nasal mucosa

Metabolism: kidney 30%; feca; 10%

Elimination: unchanged 30% kidneys/ 10% feces

29
Q

Oxymetazoline

Dosage: adult/pediatric Max dose:

Onset:

duration:

t1/2 life:

A

Dosage:

  • adult: 2-3 drops/sprays (0.05% nasal solution) ea nostril q 12 hrs
  • pediatric: 2-4 drops/sprays (0.025% nasal solution) ea nostril q 12 hrs up to 3d
  • max dose- do not exceed 2 doses in 24hours

Onset: 10 min

duration: 7+ hrs

t1/2 life: 5-8 hrs

30
Q

Oxymetazoline and conjunctivitis

Dose

A

1-2 drops (0.025% opthalmic solution) ea eye q 6 hrs up to 3-4 d

31
Q

Oxymetazoline

Contrindications

Cautions

Dental Concerns

A

Contrindications: narrow-angle glaucoma; hypersensitivity to oxymetazoline

Cautions: Child <6; DM; HT; CVD; HyprThy; glaucoma

rebound congestion; long term ischemia

Dental Concerns: increased risk HT: tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)

Dentistry (16 decks)

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