Pharm Flashcards
What medication side effect is being described? Crosses BBB, confusion, dizziness, HA, anti-androgen effects, and decreases renal clearance of creatinine?
H2-blockers
Cimetidine and ranitidine
What medication side effect is being described? Increased risk of C. Difficile, pneumonia, hip fractures, and decreased Mg2+
PPIs
This medication MOA is to slow things down. It is a long acting analog, and SE includes nausea, cramps, and steatorrhea.
Octreotide - MOA is that it reduces splanchnic blood flow, thus slows down everything
Fibrates, rifampin, prednisone, Statins, INH, all cause what?
Rhabdomyolysis
Cholestyramine, Colestipol, and cholesevelam are all what? What is their MOA?
Bile acid resins - they block intestinal reabsorption of bile resins. These drugs also help lower cholesterol
What is the MOA of Azitamide?
Blocks the reabsorption of cholesterol at the intestinal brush border, thus decreasing systemic cholesterol
What is the treatment for hepatic encephalopathy, and why?
Lactulose (increase NH4+ generation) + rifaximin or neomycin (to decrease NH3 producing gut bacteria)
What is the MOA of PPIs?
Irreversibly inhibit H/K+ ATPase in stomach parietal cells.
Biggest side effect of Aluminum OH?
Constipation and hypophosphatemia (muscle weakness, osteodystrophy, seizures).
Most common side effect of Calcium Carbonate?
Hypercalcemia which can cause rebound acid increase.
-Can chelate and decrease the effectiveness of other drugs like tetracyclines.
What is the most common side effect of MgOH?
Diarrhea, hyporeflexia, hypotension, and cardiac arrest.
What is the MOA of Misoprostol?? What is the side effect??
PGE1 analog - increases the production and secretion of gastric mucous barrier, and decreases acid production.
SE: diarrhea + abortifacient (increases uterine contractions)
What is the MOA of ondansetron?
It is a 5-HT3 antagonist, thus decreasing vagal stimulation. Used mainly as an anti-emetic.
What is the MOA of metoclopramide? When is it used?
D2 receptor antagonist - increasing the resting tone, contractility, LES tone, promotes gastric emptying (but does not increase colon transport time).
Uses: diabetic gastroparesis, post Qx, anti-emetic, and persistent GERD.
What is the MOA of Orlistat?
Inhibits gastric and pancreatic lipase —> can’t absorb dietary fats.
What is the MOA of polyethylene glycol?
Provides osmotic load to draw water to GI lumen.
SE: diarrhea and dehydration
What is the MOA of Aprepitant? What is it’s clinical use?
Substance P antagonist. Blocks NK1 (neurokinin-1) receptors in brain.
Clinical use: Antiemetic for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.
A patient presents with tinnitus, dizziness, headache, and GI distress. What is this called and what medication did this Px take?
Cinchonism caused by Quinine or Quinidine.
What is the MOA of lactulose?
It is digested by bacteria in the colon creating an acidic environment. Ammonia is converted to ammonium—> ammonium is trapped in the colon and excreted in the stool.
What medications inhibit Cytochrome P450?
CRACK AMIGOS: Ciprofloxacin Ritonavir Amiodarone Cimetidine Ketoconazole Acute -OH use Macrolides Isoniazid Grapefruit juice Omeprazole Sulfonamides
