Anatomy Flashcards
What is the portal triad, and what contains it?
The Hepatoduodenal ligament contains the portal triad, and it contains the Hepatic Artery, the Common bile duct, and the Portal Vein.
What ligament connects the liver to the anterior abdominal wall?
The falciform ligament
What gastrosplenic ligament connects what structures?
The greater curvature of the stomach to the spleen.
*its one of the 2 ligaments that needs to be cut in order to remove the spleen, along with the splenorenal ligament.
Whats ligaments need to be cut to be able to remove the spleen?
2 ligaments that need to be cut in order to remove the spleen are: Gastrosplenic ligament along with the Splenorenal ligament.
What does the Splenorenal ligament connect?
It connects the spleen to the posterior abdominal wall, and the wall of the peritoneal cavity.
What is the function of the gastrohepatic ligament?
It connects the lesser curvature of the stomach with the liver.
What is the function of the hepatoduodenal ligament?
It contains the portal triad but it also connects the liver to the duodenum.
What structures are considered retroperitoneal?
A - Adrenal glands D - Duodenum U - Ureters C - Colon: descending and ascending only K - Kidneys P - Pancreas E - Esophagus A - Aorta R - Recrum
These organs are derived from endoderm—> arises from the hepatic diverticulum—> and develops on the ventral surface of the foregut, giving rise to 4 structures:
The dorsal side of the foregut gives rise to:
- Liver
- Gallbladder and biliary tree
- Ventral pancreatic bud (becomes the head of the pancreas)
Dorsal pancreatic bud gives rise to the body and tail of the pancreas
This organ arises from the dorsal mesentery of the stomach, it’s a mesodermal structure, and its blood supply comes from the artery of the foregut (celiac trunk)…?
Spleen
What are the 2 nervous tissue bundles that run through the GI tract and where are they located?
Meissner’s plexus - Submucosa
Auerbach plexus - outer layer of muscularis externa
Embryology - forgut describes what structures?
Pharynx to duodenum
Embryology - midgut describes what structures?
Duodenum to proximal 2/3 of transverse colon.
Embryology - hindgut describes what structures?
Distal 1/3 of transverse colon to anal canal above the pectinate line.
During midgut development, what week does the physiologic midgut herniate through the umbilical ring?
6th week
During midgut development, what week does the abdominal cavity return + rotate around superior mesenteric artery (SMA) a total of 270 degrees, counterclockwise?
10th week
Developmental defects due to failure of Rostral fold closure causes what?
Sternal defects
Developmental defects due to failure of Lateral fold closure causes what?
Omphamocele, gastroschisis
Developmental defects due to failure of Caudal fold closure causes what?
Bladder exstrophy
What describes: extrusion of abdominal contents through abdominal folds (typically right of umbilicus); not covered by peritoneum (not covered by a sac), and liver never found protruding. What pathology is at hand?
Gastroschesis
What term describes the following defect - persistence of herniation of abdominal contents into umbilical cord, sealed by peritoneum and amnion (covered by a sac). Liver often protrudes out.
Omphamocele
The newborn patient presents bilious vomiting and abdominal distention within the first 1-2 days of life. In addition, failure to recanalize —> dilation of stomach and proximal duodenum (“double bubble” on X-ray). Associated with Down syndrome.
Duodenal atresia
The newborn patient presents bilious vomiting and abdominal distention within the first 1-2 days of life. In addition, disruption of mesenteric vessels —> ischemic necrosis —> segmental resorption (bowel discontinuity or “apple peel”).
Jejunal and ileal atresia
To which lymph nodes do the following lymph nodes drain?
-Rectum
-External Anus
Rectum- internal iliac nodes
Ext. anus- Superficial inguinal nodes
To which lymph nodes do the following lymph nodes drain?
-Testes
-Scrotum
Testes- para-aortic nodes
Scrotum- superficial inguinal nodes
What structure connects the greater curvature of the stomach and the transverse colon?? What structures does it contain?
Gastrocolic ligament
—> contains the Gastroepiploic arteries (part of greater omentum)
Posterior duodenal ulcers that perforate can cause hemorrhagic damage to what vessel?
Gastroduodenal artery
Anterior duodenal ulcers that perforate can cause hemorrhagic damage to what?
Anterior abdominal cavity and can cause “pneumoperitoneum”
A 24 yo presents to the ED due to hematemesis. Pt was binge drinking, became nauseated and began vomiting repeatedly. PE shows mild epigastric tenderness. Endoscopy reveals a longitudinal mucosal laceration in the distal esophagus with active bleeding. Endoscopic treatment is performed but he bleeding recurs. Angiography w/ transarterial embolization is planned. A distal branch of which of the following vessels is most likely to be embolized during this patient’s procedure?
Left Gastric Artery
