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Sam: Peds > Pharm > Flashcards

Pharm Flashcards

1
Q

What percentage of drugs are not FDA approved for children?

A

60 percent

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2
Q

We often round doses up to avoid decimals. What is the limit we can round up?

A

10% of dose

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3
Q

What is our best option for a measuring device?

A

Syringe

Avoid using measuring cups and teaspoons – too much variation.

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4
Q

What would administering medications IM in children be a bad idea?

A
  1. Not well tolerated
  2. Variable muscle mass in infants and young children
  3. Variable blood flow to muscle, SQ tissue
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5
Q

What do we call drugs that are dissolved and even distributed in alcohol?

A

Elixirs

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6
Q

What can’t we give honey in infants

A

Clostridium botulism

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7
Q

Because honey is a bad idea to use as a suspending agent, what are some other good options?

A

Apple sauce, pudding, chocolate syrup

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8
Q

Tell me about the first pass effect when administering drugs rectally?

A

First past effect depends on location in rectum

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9
Q

At what age can we start using metered dose inhalers?

A

5!

Use nebulizers before age 5

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10
Q

What percentage of dosing errors occur in children?

A

70 percent

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11
Q

When prescribing SMX/TMP, what component of the drug do we dose off of?

A

TMP

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12
Q

When prescribing Amoxicillin/Clavulanate, what component of the drug of do we dose off of?

A

Amoxicillin

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13
Q

What drug did we talk about that can cause coma, convulsions, cardiac arrest in children?

A

Benzonatate

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14
Q

Rank the following from most accurate to least accurate for dosing medication in children.

  1. Weight dosing
  2. Age dosing
  3. Body surface area dosing
A
  1. Body surface area dosing
  2. Weight dosing
  3. Age dosing
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15
Q

Topical absorption is higher in this population

A

Neonates/infants

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16
Q

GI tract in neonates…

They have low or high gastric pH?

Regular or irregular peristalsis?

High or low levels of pancreatic enzymes?

A

High gastric pH

Irregular peristalsis

Low levels of pancreatic enzymes

17
Q

What percentage of body weight is water in a full term infant?

A

70-75%

18
Q

Neonates have more or less P450 activity than adults?

A

Less, 50-70% of adult levels

19
Q

At what age do babies have the same glomerular filtration rates as adults?

A

6-12 months

20
Q

What do toddlers metabolism and renal elimination rates look like?

A

Rapid!

21
Q

Is the blood brain barrier more or less effective in neonates and young children?

A

Less

22
Q

At what age do children have adult levels of alveoli?

A

Eight

Infants only have 10-15% of adult number

23
Q

What OTC drug interacts with SSRI’s to increase 5HT levels, decrease effect of anticonvulsants, warfarin, digoxin, and protease inhibitors?

A

St John’s Wort

24
Q

Whats the problem with using Lidocaine to relieve teething pain?

A

Systemically absorbed

25
Q

What medication should we use for teething pain?

A

Benzocaine gel without alcohol

26
Q

What drug should we use for diaper rash?

A

Zinc oxide cream

27
Q

What’s the issue with using Nystatin for diaper rash?

A

Resistance issues

28
Q

When a child has mild diarrhea, do we recommend a regular diet or the BRAT diet?

A

Regular

29
Q

What’s the difference between otic and ophthalmic suspensions?

A

Otic have an acid pH to replicate a normal ear environment – this can be painful if a patient has a perforation or vent tubes

Ophthalmic suspensions are more viscous and a neutral pH

30
Q

What drugs increase impulsivity, silliness, daring conduct, and agitation in adolescents?

A

SSRI’s

31
Q

Children and adolescents are more susceptible to extrapyramidal symptoms, especially dystonias, and weight gain when taking this medication.

A

Antipsychotics

32
Q

Why is benzocaine better than lidocaine?

A

Benzocaine is poorly absorbed in water and is very slowly absorbed – don’t get toxic levels as easy as lidocaine.

33
Q

What drugs can cause joint space crystallization in children?

A

Fluoroquinolones

34
Q

Does alternating tylenol and ibuprofen work for reducing fevers?

A

NO.

35
Q

What medication can cause generalized motor seizures in infants?

A

Phenobarbitol

36
Q

What do we need to avoid Tetracyclines in pregnancy and in children

A

Dental staining

37
Q

Is Isotretinoin bad for babies?

A

Like really bad – increases risk of malformed fetus 25 times

Sam: Peds (5 decks)

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