Pharm

Question 1

tx of primary HTN

Answer 1

diuretics, ACE inhib, CCBs

Question 2

tx of HTN with CHF

Answer 2

diuretics, ACE inhib, b blockers

Question 3

tx of HTN with diabetes

Answer 3

ACE inhib, CCBs, b blockers, a blockers

Question 4

CCBs

Answer 4

amlodipine, nimodipine, nifedipine, diltiazem, verapamil

Question 5

CCB - MOA

Answer 5

block voltage gated L-type calcium channels in cardiac and smooth muscle, reduces contractility

Question 6

amlodipine

Answer 6

CCB, works more on smooth muscle

Question 7

nifedipine

Answer 7

CCB, works more on smooth muscle

Question 8

verapamil

Answer 8

CCB, works more on cardiac muscle (verapapmil = ventricle)

Question 9

nimodipine

Answer 9

CCB, used for subarachnoid hemorrhage

Question 10

CCB toxicity

Answer 10

cardiac depression, AV block, peripheral edema, flushing, dizziness, hyperprolactinemia

Question 11

hydralazine

Answer 11

increase cGMP, causes smooth muscle relaxation.
dilates arterioles, afterload reduction
HTN tx in pregnancy

Question 12

HTN emergency tx

Answer 12

nitroprusside, fenoldopam

Question 13

nitroprusside

Answer 13

increase cGMP, direct NO release, can cause cyanide toxicity

Question 14

fenoldopam

Answer 14

dopamine receptor agonist, vasodilation, decrease BP

Question 15

nitroglycerin, isosorbide dinitrate

Answer 15

increase NO causing vasodilation, increase cGMP and relax smooth muscle, veins»arteries, decrease preload

Question 16

angina tx

Answer 16

nitrates (affect preload), b blockers (affect afterload).
CCBs - nifedipine acts like nitrates, verapamil acts like b blockers.
pindolol and acebutolol are contraindicated.

Question 17

HMG - CoA reductase inhibitors

Answer 17

lipid lowering.
lovostatin, pravastatin, simvastatin, atorvastatin, rosuvastatin.
decrease LDL (bad cholesterol)

Question 18

niacin (B3)

Answer 18

lipid lowering.
decrease LDL (bad), increase HDL (good).
inhibits lipolysis in adipose tissue, reduces VLDL synth

Question 19

bile acid resins

Answer 19

lipid lowering.
cholestyramine, colestipol, colesevelam.
decrease LDL (bad).
prevent bile reabsorption, cholesterol used to make more

Question 20

cholesterol absorption blocker

Answer 20

lipid lowering.
ezetimibe - works at small intestine brush border.
decrease LDL (bad).

Question 21

fibrates

Answer 21

lipid lowering.
gemfibrozil, clofibrate, bezafibrate, fenofibrate.
decrease triglycerides - lipoprotein lipase increased causing increased triglyceride clearance

Question 22

cardiac glycosides

Answer 22

digoxin

inhib Na/K ATPase, indirect inhib Na/Ca exchanger, increase intracellular Ca, increase contractility