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Pharm2 - Exam #1 > Pharm #3 - Anti-Malralial drugs for treatment or prophylaxis > Flashcards

Pharm #3 - Anti-Malralial drugs for treatment or prophylaxis Flashcards

1
Q

chloroquine

MOA

  • stage of life inhibited

Adverse effect

A
  1. inhibit heme polymerase –> increase free heme
  2. RBC schizont inhibited
  3. Pruritis
    - safe in kid s& pregnancy
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2
Q

Quinine, Quinidine

MOA

  • stage of life inhibited
A

MOA:

  1. inhibit heme polymerase –> increase free heme
  2. RBC schizont inhibited (gametocytes of Vivax and Ovale)
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3
Q

Quinine, Quinidine

Adverse effects (3)

A
  1. CINCHONISM
  2. Hypoglycemia
  3. Blackwater fever

DOC for severe malaria

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4
Q

Mefloquine

MOA

stage of life inhibited

Adverse effect

A

MOA:

  1. inhibit heme polymerase –> increase free heme
  2. RBC schizont

Neuropsychiatric toxicities (less common with prophylaxis)

DOC for chemoprophylaxis, not recommended for severe malaria

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5
Q

Primaquine

MOA

stage of life inhibited

Adverse effect

A
  1. inhibit heme polymerase –> increase free heme (toxic)
  2. Hypnozoite, gametocyte
    - cure for P. Vivax and Ovale
  3. Hemolysis in G6PD deficiency

** unsafe in pregnancy

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6
Q

Proguanil

MOA

stage of life inhibited

A

MOA:

  1. inhibit plasmodial DHFR
  2. RBC schizont, hypnozoite of P. Falciparum

w/ chloroquine or atovaquone for chemoprophylaxis

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7
Q

Atovaquone

MOA

stage of life inhibited

Adverse effect

A
  1. Inhibit parasite mitochondrial electron transport
  2. inhibit RBC schizont, hypnozoite of P. Falciparum

w/ proguanil for chemoprophylaxis

GI side effects, contraindicated in renal impairment

  • not for preg, or kids
  • give with food or milky drink
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8
Q

Doxycycline

MOA

stage of life inhibited

Adverse effect

A

MOA:
1. inhibit protein synthesis in parasite organelles

  1. RBC schizont
  2. Phoosensitivity , esophagiitis
    * adjuvant tx. of p.falciparum and chemoprophylaxis
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9
Q

Artemisinin

MOA

stage of life inhibited

Adverse effect

A

MOA:
- binds iron in malaria pigment producing free radicals

  1. RBC schizont, gametocyte
  2. Potential neurotoxicity (ototoxicity)
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10
Q

tx for cysticercosis and hydatid disease

A

Albendazole

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11
Q

tx for pinworm

ascaris

trichuria

hookworm

A

Mebendazole

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12
Q

tx for strongyloides and onchocerciasis

A

Ivermectin

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13
Q

tx for pinworm, ascaris

A

pyrantel pamoate

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14
Q

tx for schistosomiasis

A

praziquantel

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15
Q

tx for filariasis, loaiasis, tropical eosinophilia

A

Diethyl carbamazine citrate

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16
Q

DOC for onchocerciasis

A

Ivermectin

17
Q

Ivermectin

MOA

Adverse

A

MOA: paralyzes nematodes and arthropods by intensifying GABA-mediated signals

Adverse: (mild) hypersensitivity from worm death
Mazotti reaction* – severe in onchocerciasis

TOC strongyloidiasis and onchocerciasis

18
Q

Pyrantel Pamoate

MOA

A

MOA: depolarizing neuromuscular blocking

Causes release of AcH and inhibition of cholinesterase resulting in worm paralysis

Cautions: Liver disease; kids

19
Q

mebendazole

  • use (6)
  • adverse
A
  • ascariasis
  • hookworm
  • pinworm
  • taeniasis
  • trichinosis
  • strongyloidiasis

Adverse: minimal GI to neutropenia and hepatic with long term therapy; hypersensitivity

20
Q

Contraindication for praziquantel

A

Contraindications: ocular cysticercosis (inflammation)

21
Q

DOC acute T cruzi (Chagas disease)

A

nifurtimox

22
Q

First line tx for african trypanosome hemolympahtic disease

A

Suramin

23
Q

Agent for late stage T. Rhodensiense infections

A

Melarsoprol

24
Q

DOC for Leishmaniasis

A

Sodium Stibogluconate

adverse: Gi, fever, QT prolongation!!

miltefosine used primarily for visceral leishmaniasis

25
Q

what is the tx for toxoplasmosis

  • what must be added t this tx (1 acid, and 2 drugs)
A
  1. Pyrimethamine
  2. Folinic Acid
    - Sulfadiazine or clindamycin
26
Q

tx for immunosuppressed w/ Crptosporidiosis

A

Nitazoxanide

  • can also use paromomycin
27
Q

Iodoquinal

Use

ADRS

A

-Used for luminal amebic infections, other intestinal protozoa
Not for parasites in the intestinal wall or extraintestinal infections

ADRs: Neurotoxicity and nausea and vomiting reported but rare at recommended doses

28
Q

name the drug:

DOC extraluminal (tissue) amebiasis

Also treats giardia, trichomonas (and anaerobic bacteria)

Used for tissue stages of amebiasis including dysentery, ameboma, and liver abscess

A

metronidazole

29
Q

metronidazole

MOA

ADRS

A

MOA: ferredoxin-linked processes reduce nitro group to a product that is lethal against anaerobic organisms

Adverse: nausea, vomiting, metallic taste, disulfuram-like

30
Q

tx of amoebic colitis and amoebic liver access

A

Metronidazole

Pharm2 - Exam #1 (3 decks)

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