Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharm2 - Exam #1 > Pharm #2 - Constipation /Vomiting > Flashcards

Pharm #2 - Constipation /Vomiting Flashcards

1
Q

state class & MOA

Dietary Fiber
Psyllium

SE?

A

bulking agent

MOA:
Increases stool weight

Fluid retention in stool
***Must have adequate fluid intake

SE: Flatulence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Contraindications for
dietary fiber
psyllium

A

-Debilitated
-End of life
[Inability to intake appropriate amount liquid (1.5-2 liters/day)]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Lactulose
Sorbitol

  • class
  • moa
  • se
A

Osmotic Laxatives: Nonabsorbable sugars

osmotic load into the colonic lumen stimulates movement

SE:Bloating Cramps Flatulence

** very sweet and require prescription

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Magnesium hydroxide (Milk of Magnesia)

  • class
  • moa

Contra?

A

Osmotic Laxatives: Saline and Magnesium Salts

MOA: osmotic load into the colonic lumen stimulates movement

Contra: renal failure (can cause hypermagnesemia)
** ions can be partially absorbed**

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Magnesium citrate

  • class
  • moa
  • se

COntra (4)

A

Osmotic Laxatives: Saline and Magnesium Salts

MOA: osmotic load into the colonic lumen stimulates movement
- HIGH DOSES = RAPID BOWEL EVACUATION

USE AS BOWEL PREP FOR ENDOSCOPY

SE: dehydration, electrolyte abnormalities
- ischemic colitis (rare)

Contra: 
bowel obstruction
fecal impaction 
renal failure
cautious in CHF
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Sodium phosphate

  • class
  • moa
  • se
A

Osmotic Laxatives: Saline and Magnesium Salts

MOA: osmotic load into the colonic lumen stimulates movement
- HIGH DOSES = RAPID BOWEL EVACUATION

USE AS BOWEL PREP FOR ENDOSCOPY

SE: dehydration, electrolyte abnormalities

COntra:

bowel obstruction
fecal impaction
renal failure
cautious in CHF

(same as magnesium citrate)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which osmotic laxative can cause acute phosphate nephropathy, and intrabular deposition in calcium phosphate?

A

Sodium Phosphate

  • can be used for enema
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Miralax, Glycolax

  • class
  • moa
A

Low dose polyethylene glycol

MOA: osmotic load into the colonic lumen stimulates movement

  • no absorption of ions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Colyte
Golytely

  • class
  • moa
  • se
A

HIGH dose polyethylene glycol

MOA: osmotic load into the colonic lumen stimulates movement

**BOwel prep for colonoscopy or colon surgery

(1-4 liters of prep, no absorption of ions, requires prescription)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Senna
Bisacodyl

  • class
  • moa
  • se
A

Stimulant laxatives - prevention of constipation with opiate therapy

Stimulate intestinal motility via myenteric plexus

  • for constipation or prevention of constipation with opiate therapy

SE: cramping

  • *melanosis coli with long term use
  • bisacodyl can be given rectally in suppository form
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Docusate

  • class
  • moa
A

Detergent laxative STOOL SOFTENER

MOA: surfactant
- increases penetration of fluid into stool

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

GLycrin

  • class
  • moa
A

Lubricant

Administered rectally:

  • osmotic
  • irritant
  • stimulates rectal contractions
    • for fecal impaction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

mineral oil

  • class
  • moa

CONTRA?

A

Lubricant

Moa: Administered rectall

  • coats feces softens and lubricates feces
    • for fecal impaction

NEVER USE IN PATIENTS AT RISK OF ASPIRATION
- lipoid pneumonitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

tap water enemy
sodium phosphate

  • class
  • moa
A

Large volume enemas

MOA:

  • increase water content of stool
  • distend distal colon
  • induce peristalsis

use for fecal impaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Prochlorperazine

Class
MOA (2)

A

Dopamine receptor antagonist

MOA:
1. central - blcoks dopamine receptors in the CTZ

  1. Peripheral - blocks GI vagus nerve projections to the vomiting center
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Prochlorperazine

  • indications

SE (2)

A
  1. Opiod induced nausea/vomiting
  2. Primary GI disorders (gastroenteritis)

SE:

  1. Extrapyramidal effects
  2. acute dystonic reactions
17
Q

Metoclopramide

CLass
MOA (2)

USE

A

DOpamine antagonist

MOA:
central and peripheral dopamine inhibition

  • prokinetic on upper GI (by inhibiting cholinergic stimulation)

USE:

Moderalty emetogenic chemo induced nausea/vomiting
(for severe use odansetron)
- post op
-dysmotility of upper GI (gastroparesis and gastric stasis)

18
Q

Metoclopramide

SE (3)

Contraindication

A

SE:

  1. Tardive dyskinesia (avoid use >12 weeks)
  2. Extrapyramidal side effects
  3. Acute dystonic reaction

Contraindication: caution in Parkinson’s patients
(met the park)

19
Q

Ondansetron

Class
MOA

USE

A

5HT-3 Antagonist

MOA:
-central inhibition of dopamine receptors in CTZ

peripheral block of 5HT3 induced transmission of vagal

20
Q

Ondansetron

SE (2)

A

SE:

  1. QT prolongation
  2. Headache
21
Q

Promethazine

Class
MOA

USE

A

H1 receptor antagonist

blocks H1 receptors in vestibular apparatus

Used for motion sickness

22
Q

Promethazine

SE

A

sedation

23
Q

which 2 drugs for motion sickness

A

promethazine

and scopolamine

24
Q

Scopolamine

Class
MOA

A

anti-cholinergic

  • blocks cholingeric receptors of the vestibular apparatus

Use for motion sickness

25
Q

Scopolamine

SE (3)

Contra

A

SE

  1. delirium
  2. dry mouth
  3. urinary retention
26
Q

Dexamethasone

Class
MOA
USE

A

Steroid

Blocks CNS projections to vomiting center

Use when intracranial pressure increases!!

27
Q

Lorazepam

class
moa
use

A

Benzodiazepine

MOA: blocks CNS projections to vomiting center

Use: ANXIETY induced nausea vomiting

28
Q

which drug for when intracranial pressure increases

for anxiety induced nausea vomiting?

A
  1. steroids - dexamethasone

2. lorazepam

Pharm2 - Exam #1 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions