Pharm 2 Flashcards
Loading dose (priming dose)
given to rapidly establish a therapeutic plasma drug concentration; generally administered as a single dose, but can be divided into fractions given over several hours
Maintenance dose:
given to establish or maintain the desire stead-state plasma drug concentration; given intermittently at regular intervals
Volume of distribution
the volume of fluid in which a dose of a drug would need to be dissolved to have the same concentration as it does in plasma; an apparent volume that represents the relationship between the dose of a drug and the resulting plasma concentration dose
Clearance
the volume of body fluid (blood) from which a drug is removed per unit of time; constant and important to the biotransformation and biliary excretion of parent compounds
Elimination half-life (t1/2)
the time required to reduce the plasma drug concentration by 50%
ED50
effective dose in 50% of the population
TD50
toxic dose in 50% of the population
LD50
lethal dose in 50% of the population
Absorption
the movement of drug into the blood stream, with the rate dependent on the physical characteristics of the drug and its formulation levels
Distribution
the process of a drug leaving the bloodstream and going into the organs and tissues
Metabolism
process of changing a drug into one or more of its metabolites in preparation for elimination
Elimination
removal of a drug from the blood through two processes, biotransformation (metabolism) of a drug to one or more metabolites primarily by the liver and excretion of the parent drug or it’s metabolites by the kidneys
Steady-state
when a drug that exhibits first-order pharmacokinetics is administered to a patient continuously or intermittently the drug will accumulate until it reaches a plateau
Therapeutic window
the ratio between the dose that is lethal in 1% of subjects and the dose that produces a therapeutic effect in 99% of subjects
Therapeutic index
: the ratio between the median lethal dose and the effective dose
