Pharm Flashcards
Does momma barb induce or inhibit CYT P450?
induce!
What is varenicicline?
A partial agonist at nicotinic Ach receptors → decreases cravings and reward of nicotine
Name two mast cell stabilizing agents. How do they work?
Cromolyn and nedocromil. These prevent degranulation.
Azole mechanism:
inhibit synthesis of ergosterol by the fungal cytochrome P450 enzymes
What is the class and mechanism of action of streptomycin?
Aminoglycoside; inhibits protein synthesis by binding to the 30S subunit and inhibiting initiation of protein synthesis
Which TB drug works best for TB engulfed by Mø’s? Why?
Pyrazinamide - works best at low pH, as within phagolysosome
Antibiotic of choice for lung abscess?
Clindamycin - it covers anaerobes; binds 50S subunit (like macrolides), inhibiting protein synth
In what patients should succinylcholine NOT be used?
patients at high risk for hyperkalemia: burns, myopathies, crush injuries, and denervating injuries/dz
What diuretic can be used to prevent osteoporosis in patients with CHF?
thiazides
What category of drugs have the suffix “-dronate”? What are these types of drugs a structural analog of?
Bisphosphonates (eg. alendronate); pyrophosphate (a component of hydroxyapatite → makes it more insoluble; these drugs also inhibit osteoclasts)
What is the mechanism of heparin?
binds tight to and activates antithrombin → ↓ action of IIa (thrombin) and factor Xa
What drugs, when taken with statins → myopathy and hepatitis?
fibrates (e.g. gemfibrozil which ↑ conc. of statins and finofibrate which has its own risk of myopathy which compounds with that of statins)
What is the mechanism of argatroban?
direct thrombin inhibitor: binds to thrombin active site
What is raltegravir?
an integrase inhibitor used in HIV therapy
What drug targets CD20+ cells?
Rituximab
Which 3 drugs are used for MRSA?
Vancomycin
Daptomycin
Linezolid
What is the mechanism of action of daptomycin?
Depolarization of cell membrane
What drugs are associated with drug-induced SLE?
hydralazine, procainamide, quinidine, isoniazid, minocycline
What are the 3 common side effects of -navirs (protease inhibitors)? What are these drugs used for?
- lipodystrophy
- hyperglycemia
- inhibition of P-450
used for AIDS and hep C
Besides myopathy, what is the other major toxicity of statins (and most antilipid drugs in general)?
hepatoxicity - must monitor LFTs
If a person is a slow acetylator for isoniazid, what else will they acetylate slowly?
- dapsone
- hydralazine
- procainamide
Mechanism of resistance to TB drugs:
- isoniazid
- rifampin
- ethambutol
- pyrazinamide
- streptomycin
- isoniazid: ↓ production of mycobacterial catalase-peroxidase enzyme or altered mycolic acid synthesis binding site
- rifampin: altered DNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene
- ethambutol: ↑ arabinosyl transferase production
- pyrazinamide: modify pyrazinamidase to be ineffective at activating pyrazinamide
- stroptomycin: modify 30S to prevent binding
What is the generic name of Ambien? What other drugs share this class?
Zolpidem, Zaleplon, esZopliclone
