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USMLE Step 2 Prep > Pharm > Flashcards

Pharm Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

A/E of Metformin

A

Lactic Acidosis
B12 deficiency
GI upset

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2
Q

A/E of sulfonyureas

A

Hypoglycemia
Disulfram-like effect

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3
Q

Sulfonylurea

A

Glimepiride, glypizide, glyburide

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4
Q

MoA of Metformin

A

Inhibits gluconeogenesis
Inhibits glycolysis
Increases absorption of glucose

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5
Q

MoA of Meglitinides

A

Binds to Ca channel, stimulating the production of a short burst of endogenous insulin production.

Repaglinide, Nateglinide

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6
Q

MoA of Sulfonylureas

A

Binds to K+

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7
Q

A/E of Meglitinide

A

Hypoglycemia

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8
Q

DPP4 inhibitors

A

Linagliptin, Saxagliptin, Sitagliptin

MoA: Inhibits DPP4 (therefore making it possible for GLP-1 to carry out its duties.
It makes you urinate (pp 4 more times)

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9
Q

A/E of DPP4 inhibitors

A

“Lipton makes you pp4 more times”

Respiratory infections
Urinary Infections

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10
Q

GLP-1 Agonist

A

Exenatide, liraglutide

Promote the activities of GLP-1 which is increasing insulin release and decreasing glucagon release.

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11
Q

MoA of SGLT-2 Inhibitors

A

Inhibits the sodium-glucose co-transporter in the PCT, therefore decreasing the reabsorption of glucose.

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12
Q

A/E of SGLT-2 Inhibitors

A

“Flozin through the urine”

Glucosouria
UTI
Vaginal yeast infant
Hyperkalemia
Dehydration

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13
Q

MoA of Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors

A

Inhibits intestinal brush-border alpha-glucosidases

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14
Q

A/E of Alpha-Glucosidase inhibitors

A

GI upset, Gas & Bloating

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15
Q

Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors

A

Acarbose
Miglitol

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16
Q

A/ E of Thiazolindinediones

A

Heart Failure
Increased risk of fracture

17
Q

MoA of Thiazolidinediones

A

Binds to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) factor causing an increase in insulin sensitivity

18
Q

Thiazolidinediones

A

“Bring glita to the PPAR-ty”

Pio-glita-zone, Rosi-glita-zone

19
Q

Amylin Analogs

A

Pramlinitide: A synthetic amylin that works along side insulin

A/E: Hypoglycemia

20
Q

“-dipine” (dihydropyridine)

A

Ca channel blockers
Primarily act on blood vessels

21
Q

Non-dihydropyridine primarily act on

A

The heart and are therefore used to manage tachyarrhythmias.

22
Q

Antibiotics Can Termínate Protein Synthesis For Microbial Cells Like Germs

A

Abx Classes

Antibiotics - Aminoglycosides
Can - Cephalosporins
Terminate - Tetracycline
Protein - Penicillin
Synthesis - Sulfonamides
For - Fluroquinolones
Microbial - Macrolides
Cells - Carbapenems
Like - Lincosamides
Germs - Glysopeptides

23
Q

Aminoglycoside: types, MoA, bugs & indication

A

Streptomycin/Gentamicin
MoA: inhibits 30s Protein Synthesis
Bugs: Gram -ve
Indication: Bacteremia, Abd infections

24
Q

Cephalosporin: types, MoA, bugs & indication

A

Types: Ceftriaxone/Cefepime
MoA: Inhibit call wall synthesis
Bugs: Both Gram (+ve)/(-ve)
Indication: Skin, Urinary & Respiratory Infections

25
Q

Tetracycline: types, MoA, bugs & indication

A

Types: Tetracycline/Doxycyline
MoA: Inhibits 30s protein synthesis
Bugs: Both Gram (+ve)/(-ve)
Indication: Lyme dxs, PID & STI

26
Q

Penicillins: types, MoA, bugs & indication

A

Types: Amoxicillin/ampicillin
MoA: Inhibits cell wall synthesis
Bugs: Both Gram (+ve)/(-ve)
Indication: ENT, skin, & GU infections

27
Q

Sulfonamides: types, MoA, bugs & indication

A

Types: Sulfasalazine/Sulfamethoxazole
MoA: Inhibits folate synthesis
Bugs: Both Gram (+ve)/(-ve)
Indication: UTIs, Burns, & Eye infections

28
Q

Fluoroquinolones: types, MoA, bugs & indication

A

Types: ciprofloxacin/levofloxacin
MoA: Inihibits DNA replication (gyrase/topoisomerase)
Bugs: Both Gram (+ve)/(-ve)
Indication: Respiratory & GU infections

29
Q

Macrolides: types, MoA, bugs & indication

A

Types: Azithromycin/Erythromycin
MoA: Inhibits 50s protein synthesis
Bugs: Gram (+ve) only
Indication: Pneumonia, Sinus, ENT, STIs

30
Q

Carbapenems: types, MoA, bugs & indication

A

Types: Meropenem/Ertapenem
MoA: Inhibits cell wall synthesis
Bugs: Both Gram (+ve)/(-ve)
Indication: GU & Abd infections

31
Q

Lincosamides: types, MoA, bugs & indication

A

Types: Clindamycin
MoA: Inhibts 50s proteins
Bugs: Both Gram (+ve) only
Indication: Skin, bone & lung infections

32
Q

Glycopeotides: types, MoA, bugs & indication

A

Types: Vancomycin
MoA: Inhibits cell wall synthesis
Bugs: Both Gram (+ve) only
Indication: MRSA, skin & endocarditis

USMLE Step 2 Prep (6 decks)

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