Pharm Flashcards
A/E of Metformin
Lactic Acidosis
B12 deficiency
GI upset
A/E of sulfonyureas
Hypoglycemia
Disulfram-like effect
Sulfonylurea
Glimepiride, glypizide, glyburide
MoA of Metformin
Inhibits gluconeogenesis
Inhibits glycolysis
Increases absorption of glucose
MoA of Meglitinides
Binds to Ca channel, stimulating the production of a short burst of endogenous insulin production.
Repaglinide, Nateglinide
MoA of Sulfonylureas
Binds to K+
A/E of Meglitinide
Hypoglycemia
DPP4 inhibitors
Linagliptin, Saxagliptin, Sitagliptin
MoA: Inhibits DPP4 (therefore making it possible for GLP-1 to carry out its duties.
It makes you urinate (pp 4 more times)
A/E of DPP4 inhibitors
“Lipton makes you pp4 more times”
Respiratory infections
Urinary Infections
GLP-1 Agonist
Exenatide, liraglutide
Promote the activities of GLP-1 which is increasing insulin release and decreasing glucagon release.
MoA of SGLT-2 Inhibitors
Inhibits the sodium-glucose co-transporter in the PCT, therefore decreasing the reabsorption of glucose.
A/E of SGLT-2 Inhibitors
“Flozin through the urine”
Glucosouria
UTI
Vaginal yeast infant
Hyperkalemia
Dehydration
MoA of Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors
Inhibits intestinal brush-border alpha-glucosidases
A/E of Alpha-Glucosidase inhibitors
GI upset, Gas & Bloating
Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors
Acarbose
Miglitol
A/ E of Thiazolindinediones
Heart Failure
Increased risk of fracture
MoA of Thiazolidinediones
Binds to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) factor causing an increase in insulin sensitivity
Thiazolidinediones
“Bring glita to the PPAR-ty”
Pio-glita-zone, Rosi-glita-zone
Amylin Analogs
Pramlinitide: A synthetic amylin that works along side insulin
A/E: Hypoglycemia
“-dipine” (dihydropyridine)
Ca channel blockers
Primarily act on blood vessels
Non-dihydropyridine primarily act on
The heart and are therefore used to manage tachyarrhythmias.
Antibiotics Can Termínate Protein Synthesis For Microbial Cells Like Germs
Abx Classes
Antibiotics - Aminoglycosides
Can - Cephalosporins
Terminate - Tetracycline
Protein - Penicillin
Synthesis - Sulfonamides
For - Fluroquinolones
Microbial - Macrolides
Cells - Carbapenems
Like - Lincosamides
Germs - Glysopeptides
Aminoglycoside: types, MoA, bugs & indication
Streptomycin/Gentamicin
MoA: inhibits 30s Protein Synthesis
Bugs: Gram -ve
Indication: Bacteremia, Abd infections
Cephalosporin: types, MoA, bugs & indication
Types: Ceftriaxone/Cefepime
MoA: Inhibit call wall synthesis
Bugs: Both Gram (+ve)/(-ve)
Indication: Skin, Urinary & Respiratory Infections
Tetracycline: types, MoA, bugs & indication
Types: Tetracycline/Doxycyline
MoA: Inhibits 30s protein synthesis
Bugs: Both Gram (+ve)/(-ve)
Indication: Lyme dxs, PID & STI
Penicillins: types, MoA, bugs & indication
Types: Amoxicillin/ampicillin
MoA: Inhibits cell wall synthesis
Bugs: Both Gram (+ve)/(-ve)
Indication: ENT, skin, & GU infections
Sulfonamides: types, MoA, bugs & indication
Types: Sulfasalazine/Sulfamethoxazole
MoA: Inhibits folate synthesis
Bugs: Both Gram (+ve)/(-ve)
Indication: UTIs, Burns, & Eye infections
Fluoroquinolones: types, MoA, bugs & indication
Types: ciprofloxacin/levofloxacin
MoA: Inihibits DNA replication (gyrase/topoisomerase)
Bugs: Both Gram (+ve)/(-ve)
Indication: Respiratory & GU infections
Macrolides: types, MoA, bugs & indication
Types: Azithromycin/Erythromycin
MoA: Inhibits 50s protein synthesis
Bugs: Gram (+ve) only
Indication: Pneumonia, Sinus, ENT, STIs
Carbapenems: types, MoA, bugs & indication
Types: Meropenem/Ertapenem
MoA: Inhibits cell wall synthesis
Bugs: Both Gram (+ve)/(-ve)
Indication: GU & Abd infections
Lincosamides: types, MoA, bugs & indication
Types: Clindamycin
MoA: Inhibts 50s proteins
Bugs: Both Gram (+ve) only
Indication: Skin, bone & lung infections
Glycopeotides: types, MoA, bugs & indication
Types: Vancomycin
MoA: Inhibits cell wall synthesis
Bugs: Both Gram (+ve) only
Indication: MRSA, skin & endocarditis
