Peds

Question 1

A distended abdomen and bilious vomiting in a newborn should raise suspicion for a bowel obstruction. If imaging studies confirm small bowel obstruction with meconium plugs in the distal ileum and microcolon. These findings indicate ?

Answer 1

Meconium ileus:
Meconium ileus is suggestive of cystic fibrosis (CF). Viscous mucus obstructs the formation of the vas deferens during development. This obstruction results in the congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens in ∼ 98% of male individuals with CF, leading to infertility. Additionally, individuals with CF may have a decreased sperm count, but spermatogenesis may be intact and individuals with CF can still have children via sper

Question 2

The only vaccine that depends on the child’s birth weight is ?

Answer 2

The first dose of HepB vaccine; infants with a birth weight < 2 kg should receive the first dose of the vaccine at 1 month of age or at hospital discharge, whichever occurs first.

Question 3

Vaccine contraindication in children.

Answer 3

Neither mild acute illness (e.g., upper respiratory tract infection, otitis media, low-grade fever, mild diarrhea) nor current antibiotic therapy are contraindications for vaccination (except for oral live typhoid vaccine, because antibiotics might compromise the immune response to this vaccine).