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Pharm Cards > Pharm 129 Midterm > Flashcards

Pharm 129 Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

What is a pharmacist

A

HCP that help pt make best use of meds
research and work with other HCP to deliver optimal health
incorporate best care principles that are pt centred, research based and outcome orientated

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2
Q

Explain the role of OCP and who it sets out to protect

A

OCP has duty to serve and protect the public interest
It is a regulatory body that registers and monitors individuals who have the knowledge skills and judgement to meet professional duties

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3
Q

What are the Objectives of the OCP

A

develop and maintain stadards of pratice
promation of continuing evaluation, competency and improvement of members
to develope standards of professional ethics

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4
Q

How does the OCP regulate

A

the ocp holds all registrants responsible fore adhering to the code of ethics and will inquire into alllegations and take actions

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5
Q

What are the 4 main principles of the Code of ethics

A

1) benifience
2) non malefience
3) respect for persons
4) fidelity

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6
Q

What does in mean to be a professional

A

duty to prioritize pt benefit over anything
be accountable to society
holding each other accountable to meet standards

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7
Q

What are some key initiatives of OCP

A

Pharmacy safe initative
Community Practice environment iniative
Optimizing Pactice strategy
Quality indicators for pharmacy
An opioid strategy for pharmacy
non-sterile compounding standads

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8
Q

Descibe the Pharmacy safety initative

A

Practical crime prevention stratgies

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9
Q

Descibe the community practice environment initative

A

understanding potential barriers to professional autonomy and patient safety

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10
Q

Describe the quality indicators for pharmacy

A

provides public with pictures of the overall quality of pharmacy care

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11
Q

Explain the role of Standards of practice

A

articulate what is expected from the pharmacy profession

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12
Q

Why do we need standards of practice

A

To use HCP more effectively because:
-shift and overlap in scopes
-emphasizes accountability
-documentation of SOP are fundamental for continuing competence and quality assurance

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13
Q

WHat are the 5 domains of SOPs

A

Providing Care
Knowledge and expertise
Communication and Collaboration
Leadership and Stewardship
Professionlism

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14
Q

Who are SOP written for

A

Educators, Pharmacy regulators, pharmacy professional and the public

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15
Q

what was different between the 1991 pharmacy Act and the 2009 Amendment Act

A

The 2009 amendment act permitted pharmacist to perform services normally done by doctors
-now could administer by inhalation or injection (2012)

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16
Q

What were concerns of Bill 179

A

patients will be taking more drugs than necessary
opens new market opportunities for pharmacetical indisutry
need for comprehensive monitoring of all HCP

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17
Q

What is the key emphasis of Bill 179

A

Patient Safety

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18
Q

What is current regulatory framework for self care products

A

FDA - Presrciption only, there is a level of uncertainity or may cause harm
Provincial Pharmacy acts - schedule 1, 2, 3, U, similarily degree of risk and harm

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19
Q

Describe the non-prescription drug regulations

A

required scientific eveidence
proper labelling so consumers can find info
Mandatory recall
fines up to 5mil

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20
Q

Describe the natural health products regulations

A

broad standard of evidence/traditional evidence
no standard label format
no inspections
voluntary recall
fines up to 5000

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21
Q

What is the current legistaltion

A

System based on drug claim, source of ingredients and uncertainity/level of risk

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22
Q

describe the new legislation on drug regulations

A

3 risk based category apprach
1) topical/dental, attest to pre cleared info, non sterile
2) all routes of admin, relief of symptoms
3) safety concern, or no pre cleared info or condition can worsen or indicated for HCP use only (1 of the above listed)

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23
Q

define NHP

A

natural health products are one of:
probiotic
herbal remedies
homeopathic
traditional medicines
amino acids
minerals + vitamens

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24
Q

What are the principles of homeopathy

A

Like cures like
use of very small does

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25
Q

Why is there a need for NHP regulation

A

issues with contaimination, impruities, quantity of drug, no efficiacy.
protect the public

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26
Q

What are the phamacist role when in comes to NHP

A

are there any NHP that can treat or prevent conditions
are there any NHPs that should be avoided
can NHP interact with pateient meds
consider patient values

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27
Q

what is the framework when you should recommend, accept or discourage NHP

A

Reccomend- good evidence and saftey
Accept- evidence inconclusive but safety is supported
DIscourage - lack of evidence of serious health risk

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28
Q

What is a minor ailment

A

a minor ailment is a health concern that can reilaibly be self diagnosed by a pt and be managed by self care or minimal treatment
- you have the ailment already

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29
Q

What is Self Care

A

the idea to promote health, prevent disease, maintain health with or without HCP
-you dont have a health problem or concern

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30
Q

WHat are 7 pillars of self care

A

knowledge and health literacy
mental wellbeing
physical activity
healthy eating
risk avoidance
good hygiene
rational use

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30
Q

what is the role of self care in canada

A

more than 80% of healthcare is self care
40% of chronic illness can be prevented by self care

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31
Q

What are some risk with self care

A

issues of safety when self medicating
consumers dont fully read labels
consumers exceed recommended dose

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32
Q

What are some benefits of self care

A

increased coverage
increased quality of service
improved health
more efficient use of healthcare resources
reduces healthcare cost
boost canada’s economy

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33
Q

identify the role of Covid had on self care

A

People changed their habits, some people adapted healthier habits, some didnt
people started to manage health condition on their own
- used OTC
- advice from pharmacist
- used a NHP

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34
Q

What are some barries to self care therapies and practices

A

there are regulatory barriers on self-care apps but the resytiction is being reduced for lower risk apps

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35
Q

WHat are some opportunities in improving self care

A

build national self care strategy
maximize benefits of self care
supporting competiveness and incentivization
support for canadians practicing self care

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36
Q

What is Canada’s Self Care strategy

A

Accountable- health objectives
Empowering - through education + support
resource optimized -
people centred
evidence based
collaborative

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37
Q

WHat is the pharmacist role when it comes to self care

A

we are uniquely positioned to provide support and advice on self care through knowledge of non rx therapuetics and health conditions

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38
Q

What is the pharmacist role in minor ailment services

A

make non rx medication recommendations
facilitate ither self care decisions
referring to other HCP

39
Q

What entails and OTC consult

A

quick assement
semi private
action is usually:
- referall
- wait + see
- non rx therapy

No follow up
no documentation
no notification to primary provider

40
Q

What entails a RX consult

A

Semi-detailed assement
private
Action us usually:
- Referral
- wait + see
- Non rx therapy
- rx of schedule 1,2 or 3

follow up
documentation
notification to primary provider

41
Q

What is the rationale for pharmacist led minor ailment services

A

Increased access to care - increased access to meds
decrease treatment gaps
increased cost savings
Increased efficiency

42
Q

WHat was the purpose of the minor aliment advisory group

A

created a list of minor ailments
created a list of associated meds
safegaurds for implementation
an evaluation framework

42
Q

What are the current regulations on billing for drugs

A

Can only bill schedule 1 2 or 3 drugs that are listed on the OCP drug list

43
Q

How long are you required to have patient documents

A

for 10 years or 10 years after the age of 18

44
Q

Are you required to follow-ip with patient

A

only if you bill ODB

45
Q

Can you conduct and bill ODB for medscheck and minor ailment on the sameday

A

no

46
Q

What is patient -centred care

A

providing care that is respectful of and responsive to patient preferences, needs and values

47
Q

what is interprofessional teamwork

A

different HCP with diverse knowledge, skills and talenst collaborate to acheive common goal

48
Q

WHat is practice management system

A

Includes the infrastructure to deliver care

49
Q

what are the 3 major constructs that are required for professional patient care practice

A

Collaborate - work with patient to produce best health services
Communicate - exchange info, avoid close-end questions and leading questions, and compound questions
Document- record info for legal records and communication

50
Q

Why is a systematic and consistent patient care process needed

A

to deliver patient centred care which leads to better adherenece, decreases morbidity , mortality and cost and increases desired outcomes

51
Q

what are the 5 steps in the patient care process

A

Collect
asses
plan
implement
follow up

52
Q

When should Demographic questions be asked

A

self care encounters
New or refill Rx
Holistic assement

53
Q

What are the scholar questions

A

Symptoms
Characteristics
History
Onset
Location
Aggrevating factors
Remitting factors

54
Q

When do you ask SCHOlAR question

A

Self care encounters

55
Q

WHat are the HAMS questions

A

Health Status
Allergies/ intolerances
med history
social history

56
Q

When do you ask Hams

A

Self Care encounters
New Rx or refill Rx
Holistic

57
Q

When do you ask prime questions

A

Refill RX or new Rx

58
Q

What is the Main goal in assess step

A

ensure medications are indicated, effective, safe and can be adhered to.

59
Q

What is the most common drug therapy problem

A

If medications are needed

60
Q

What are the exlusions for self-treatment

A

severe symptoms
persistent symptoms
is avoiding medical care

61
Q

What entails the Plan step in PPCP

A

Goals of therapy, wht you and patient want to acheive

62
Q

What entails the implement step of PPCP

A

How are you going to acheive your goals
- articulate plan
- act on plan
- provide education
- coordinate care
- schedule follow up

63
Q

What is the purpose of the monitor and evaulate step

A

you want to make sure your plan and implementation was safe, effective

64
Q

what rules and regulations govern pharmacy professionals

A

The Pharmacy Act
Drug and pharmacies regulation acts
Regulated Health professions act

65
Q

WHat is the role of the OCP council

A

serve and protect the public interest

66
Q

WHat is the role of the statitory committees

A

responsibilities in registrtaion, quality assurance. complaints, discipline, fitness to practice and accredation

67
Q

What are the roles of OCP standing committees

A

Drug Prep, finance and audit, governence and screening

68
Q

What is the mission of the OCP

A

serve and protetc public interest and hold pharmacist accountable to established legistalation, sop and code of ethics

69
Q

what are the 4 regulatory activities of OCP

A

Restictive - requirements to be a pharmacist
Reactive - complaints, incompetence, investigation, discipline
Proactive - quality assurance checks
Transparent - public registra and open hearings

70
Q

What authority oversees the OCP

A

OCP is independent of a government although they are responsible for:
-making reports
-regulations must be gov approved
- gov can set policy direction to OCP

71
Q

WHat is RHPA

A

Regulatory Health professions act, regulates all health professionals and is external to the OCP

72
Q

WHat is the PA

A

the pharmacy act regulates pharmacist and pharmacy techs and includes scope of practice, controlled acts and dispensing regulations

73
Q

WHat is the DPRA

A

the drugs and pharmacies regulation act, which is responsible for the rules of dispensing drugs, operation of pharmacies, inspections and accredation

74
Q

How did COVID 19 affect scopes of practice for pharmacy professionals

A

Pharmacist could dispense any narc to a verbal or written order
refill narcs by verbal or written order
transfer narcs and controlled substances as well as transferring more than once
Benzo can also be transferred in already transferred
may adapt or renew RX for controlled substances

75
Q

describe the provisions in the RHPA with to sexual abuse

A

boundary violations occurs when no establishment or maintainence of professional boundaries
a patient relationship cannot transition to inappropriate and unprofessional

76
Q

When should a mandatory report be filed to OCP

A

Sexual abuse
Facility operations and employee termination
Self reports- guilty of an offense
other Reports- Child abuse, spouse abuse etc

77
Q

What are the 4 controlled acts under oCP

A

Dispensing, selling, compounding
supervising pharmacy
prescribing and adminsitering drugs
procedures on tissue below the dermis

78
Q

what are the 4 drug schedules

A

1) require rx
2) no Rx available through profesional intervention
3) no RX sold only in pharmacies
4) sold in any retailer (unscheduled)

79
Q

What are the conditions for sale for drugs

A

schedule 1- pharmacist present and approves
schedule 2- pharmacist present and approves
schedule 3- pharmacist present

80
Q

WHat are the legalities in mailing RX

A

mailing drugs can only be done through registered mail

81
Q

What are the legalities in accepting RX

A

pharmacist must be present
authorizations are transferred with RX
all required info must be completes/confirmed
- benzos must include issue date

82
Q

What constitues propriety misconduct

A

can only disclose rx info with pateint or have obtained written consent that does not include patient info

83
Q

WHat is a conflict of interest

A

where personal gain occurs from professional actions

84
Q

What are the repsonibilities of owners and stakeholders

A

1) closing pharmacy - notify OCP, controlled substance office and patients
2) ownership - must be a pharmacist to own
3) designations

85
Q

What is the imact of revocation, suspenion, bankruptcy and death of owner

A

Revocation - can no longer be employed
suspension - can still be a stakeholder
death- personal rep can run pharmacy for 4 years
bankruptcy - notify ocp and trustee can operate pharmacy

86
Q

WHat are the rules and procedured for RDL

A

can only operate with accredited pharmacy behind it
resitricted hours to hours of pharmacy
pharmacy must keep recrods
must have two way aduion-visual links
must be indoors
must have alarms and safety
securley locked
no narcs or controlled drugs

87
Q

what are the basic principles for pharmacy advertising

A

ads should be undertstandable, professional and ethical
no testimonies, endorsemnets or comparitive statements
cant promote safety and efficacy of drugs

88
Q

What info must be on RX label

A

Rx number
presicriber
pharmacy owner + address + phone number
durg name, strength and quantity
date dispensed

89
Q

describe the importing, manufacturing and dsitribution of drugs

A

Manufacturing - regulated federally, DIN = approved for sale
DEL - permits the manufacturing, distribution and import of drugs

90
Q

what are the 4 fda drug schedules

A

A - disease where treatment not promoted to public
b) official standards that all durgs must meet
c) radiopharmaceticals
D) allergenic substances, blood derivatives and immunizing agents
G) controlled drugs and Prescription drug list

91
Q

What are the symbols of the FDA

A

Pr- prescription required
N- narcs
C- controlled drugs
TC - benzos and targeted drugs

92
Q

What are the three types of recalls

A

type 1 -reasonable probability that exposure will lead to serious health effetcs
type 2- use/exposure may cause temporary adverse effects
type 3- use/exposure is not likely to cause adverse effects

93
Q

What is the role of the canada vigilance program

A

canada post market surveillance program that reporst adverse effects

94
Q

What are some Prescription drug list criteria

A

drug requires supervision of practictioner
level of uncertainity with drug use
potential harm that drug may cause

Pharm Cards (5 decks)

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