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Pharm 129 Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

What is a pharmacist

A

HCP that help pt make best use of meds
research and work with other HCP to deliver optimal health
incorporate best care principles that are pt centred, research based and outcome orientated

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2
Q

Explain the role of OCP and who it sets out to protect

A

OCP has duty to serve and protect the public interest
It is a regulatory body that registers and monitors individuals who have the knowledge skills and judgement to meet professional duties

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3
Q

What are the Objectives of the OCP

A

develop and maintain stadards of pratice
promation of continuing evaluation, competency and improvement of members
to develope standards of professional ethics

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4
Q

How does the OCP regulate

A

the ocp holds all registrants responsible fore adhering to the code of ethics and will inquire into alllegations and take actions

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5
Q

What are the 4 main principles of the Code of ethics

A

1) benifience
2) non malefience
3) respect for persons
4) fidelity

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6
Q

What does in mean to be a professional

A

duty to prioritize pt benefit over anything
be accountable to society
holding each other accountable to meet standards

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7
Q

What are some key initiatives of OCP

A

Pharmacy safe initative
Community Practice environment iniative
Optimizing Pactice strategy
Quality indicators for pharmacy
An opioid strategy for pharmacy
non-sterile compounding standads

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8
Q

Descibe the Pharmacy safety initative

A

Practical crime prevention stratgies

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9
Q

Descibe the community practice environment initative

A

understanding potential barriers to professional autonomy and patient safety

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10
Q

Describe the quality indicators for pharmacy

A

provides public with pictures of the overall quality of pharmacy care

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11
Q

Explain the role of Standards of practice

A

articulate what is expected from the pharmacy profession

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12
Q

Why do we need standards of practice

A

To use HCP more effectively because:
-shift and overlap in scopes
-emphasizes accountability
-documentation of SOP are fundamental for continuing competence and quality assurance

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13
Q

WHat are the 5 domains of SOPs

A

Providing Care
Knowledge and expertise
Communication and Collaboration
Leadership and Stewardship
Professionlism

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14
Q

Who are SOP written for

A

Educators, Pharmacy regulators, pharmacy professional and the public

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15
Q

what was different between the 1991 pharmacy Act and the 2009 Amendment Act

A

The 2009 amendment act permitted pharmacist to perform services normally done by doctors
-now could administer by inhalation or injection (2012)

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16
Q

What were concerns of Bill 179

A

patients will be taking more drugs than necessary
opens new market opportunities for pharmacetical indisutry
need for comprehensive monitoring of all HCP

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17
Q

What is the key emphasis of Bill 179

A

Patient Safety

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18
Q

What is current regulatory framework for self care products

A

FDA - Presrciption only, there is a level of uncertainity or may cause harm
Provincial Pharmacy acts - schedule 1, 2, 3, U, similarily degree of risk and harm

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19
Q

Describe the non-prescription drug regulations

A

required scientific eveidence
proper labelling so consumers can find info
Mandatory recall
fines up to 5mil

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20
Q

Describe the natural health products regulations

A

broad standard of evidence/traditional evidence
no standard label format
no inspections
voluntary recall
fines up to 5000

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21
Q

What is the current legistaltion

A

System based on drug claim, source of ingredients and uncertainity/level of risk

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22
Q

describe the new legislation on drug regulations

A

3 risk based category apprach
1) topical/dental, attest to pre cleared info, non sterile
2) all routes of admin, relief of symptoms
3) safety concern, or no pre cleared info or condition can worsen or indicated for HCP use only (1 of the above listed)

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23
Q

define NHP

A

natural health products are one of:
probiotic
herbal remedies
homeopathic
traditional medicines
amino acids
minerals + vitamens

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24
Q

What are the principles of homeopathy

A

Like cures like
use of very small does

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25
Why is there a need for NHP regulation
issues with contaimination, impruities, quantity of drug, no efficiacy. protect the public
26
What are the phamacist role when in comes to NHP
are there any NHP that can treat or prevent conditions are there any NHPs that should be avoided can NHP interact with pateient meds consider patient values
27
what is the framework when you should recommend, accept or discourage NHP
Reccomend- good evidence and saftey Accept- evidence inconclusive but safety is supported DIscourage - lack of evidence of serious health risk
28
What is a minor ailment
a minor ailment is a health concern that can reilaibly be self diagnosed by a pt and be managed by self care or minimal treatment - you have the ailment already
29
What is Self Care
the idea to promote health, prevent disease, maintain health with or without HCP -you dont have a health problem or concern
30
WHat are 7 pillars of self care
knowledge and health literacy mental wellbeing physical activity healthy eating risk avoidance good hygiene rational use
30
what is the role of self care in canada
more than 80% of healthcare is self care 40% of chronic illness can be prevented by self care
31
What are some risk with self care
issues of safety when self medicating consumers dont fully read labels consumers exceed recommended dose
32
What are some benefits of self care
increased coverage increased quality of service improved health more efficient use of healthcare resources reduces healthcare cost boost canada's economy
33
identify the role of Covid had on self care
People changed their habits, some people adapted healthier habits, some didnt people started to manage health condition on their own - used OTC - advice from pharmacist - used a NHP
34
What are some barries to self care therapies and practices
there are regulatory barriers on self-care apps but the resytiction is being reduced for lower risk apps
35
WHat are some opportunities in improving self care
build national self care strategy maximize benefits of self care supporting competiveness and incentivization support for canadians practicing self care
36
What is Canada's Self Care strategy
Accountable- health objectives Empowering - through education + support resource optimized - people centred evidence based collaborative
37
WHat is the pharmacist role when it comes to self care
we are uniquely positioned to provide support and advice on self care through knowledge of non rx therapuetics and health conditions
38
What is the pharmacist role in minor ailment services
make non rx medication recommendations facilitate ither self care decisions referring to other HCP
39
What entails and OTC consult
quick assement semi private action is usually: - referall - wait + see - non rx therapy No follow up no documentation no notification to primary provider
40
What entails a RX consult
Semi-detailed assement private Action us usually: - Referral - wait + see - Non rx therapy - rx of schedule 1,2 or 3 follow up documentation notification to primary provider
41
What is the rationale for pharmacist led minor ailment services
Increased access to care - increased access to meds decrease treatment gaps increased cost savings Increased efficiency
42
WHat was the purpose of the minor aliment advisory group
created a list of minor ailments created a list of associated meds safegaurds for implementation an evaluation framework
42
What are the current regulations on billing for drugs
Can only bill schedule 1 2 or 3 drugs that are listed on the OCP drug list
43
How long are you required to have patient documents
for 10 years or 10 years after the age of 18
44
Are you required to follow-ip with patient
only if you bill ODB
45
Can you conduct and bill ODB for medscheck and minor ailment on the sameday
no
46
What is patient -centred care
providing care that is respectful of and responsive to patient preferences, needs and values
47
what is interprofessional teamwork
different HCP with diverse knowledge, skills and talenst collaborate to acheive common goal
48
WHat is practice management system
Includes the infrastructure to deliver care
49
what are the 3 major constructs that are required for professional patient care practice
Collaborate - work with patient to produce best health services Communicate - exchange info, avoid close-end questions and leading questions, and compound questions Document- record info for legal records and communication
50
Why is a systematic and consistent patient care process needed
to deliver patient centred care which leads to better adherenece, decreases morbidity , mortality and cost and increases desired outcomes
51
what are the 5 steps in the patient care process
Collect asses plan implement follow up
52
When should Demographic questions be asked
self care encounters New or refill Rx Holistic assement
53
What are the scholar questions
Symptoms Characteristics History Onset Location Aggrevating factors Remitting factors
54
When do you ask SCHOlAR question
Self care encounters
55
WHat are the HAMS questions
Health Status Allergies/ intolerances med history social history
56
When do you ask Hams
Self Care encounters New Rx or refill Rx Holistic
57
When do you ask prime questions
Refill RX or new Rx
58
What is the Main goal in assess step
ensure medications are indicated, effective, safe and can be adhered to.
59
What is the most common drug therapy problem
If medications are needed
60
What are the exlusions for self-treatment
severe symptoms persistent symptoms is avoiding medical care
61
What entails the Plan step in PPCP
Goals of therapy, wht you and patient want to acheive
62
What entails the implement step of PPCP
How are you going to acheive your goals - articulate plan - act on plan - provide education - coordinate care - schedule follow up
63
What is the purpose of the monitor and evaulate step
you want to make sure your plan and implementation was safe, effective
64
what rules and regulations govern pharmacy professionals
The Pharmacy Act Drug and pharmacies regulation acts Regulated Health professions act
65
WHat is the role of the OCP council
serve and protect the public interest
66
WHat is the role of the statitory committees
responsibilities in registrtaion, quality assurance. complaints, discipline, fitness to practice and accredation
67
What are the roles of OCP standing committees
Drug Prep, finance and audit, governence and screening
68
What is the mission of the OCP
serve and protetc public interest and hold pharmacist accountable to established legistalation, sop and code of ethics
69
what are the 4 regulatory activities of OCP
Restictive - requirements to be a pharmacist Reactive - complaints, incompetence, investigation, discipline Proactive - quality assurance checks Transparent - public registra and open hearings
70
What authority oversees the OCP
OCP is independent of a government although they are responsible for: -making reports -regulations must be gov approved - gov can set policy direction to OCP
71
WHat is RHPA
Regulatory Health professions act, regulates all health professionals and is external to the OCP
72
WHat is the PA
the pharmacy act regulates pharmacist and pharmacy techs and includes scope of practice, controlled acts and dispensing regulations
73
WHat is the DPRA
the drugs and pharmacies regulation act, which is responsible for the rules of dispensing drugs, operation of pharmacies, inspections and accredation
74
How did COVID 19 affect scopes of practice for pharmacy professionals
Pharmacist could dispense any narc to a verbal or written order refill narcs by verbal or written order transfer narcs and controlled substances as well as transferring more than once Benzo can also be transferred in already transferred may adapt or renew RX for controlled substances
75
describe the provisions in the RHPA with to sexual abuse
boundary violations occurs when no establishment or maintainence of professional boundaries a patient relationship cannot transition to inappropriate and unprofessional
76
When should a mandatory report be filed to OCP
Sexual abuse Facility operations and employee termination Self reports- guilty of an offense other Reports- Child abuse, spouse abuse etc
77
What are the 4 controlled acts under oCP
Dispensing, selling, compounding supervising pharmacy prescribing and adminsitering drugs procedures on tissue below the dermis
78
what are the 4 drug schedules
1) require rx 2) no Rx available through profesional intervention 3) no RX sold only in pharmacies 4) sold in any retailer (unscheduled)
79
What are the conditions for sale for drugs
schedule 1- pharmacist present and approves schedule 2- pharmacist present and approves schedule 3- pharmacist present
80
WHat are the legalities in mailing RX
mailing drugs can only be done through registered mail
81
What are the legalities in accepting RX
pharmacist must be present authorizations are transferred with RX all required info must be completes/confirmed - benzos must include issue date
82
What constitues propriety misconduct
can only disclose rx info with pateint or have obtained written consent that does not include patient info
83
WHat is a conflict of interest
where personal gain occurs from professional actions
84
What are the repsonibilities of owners and stakeholders
1) closing pharmacy - notify OCP, controlled substance office and patients 2) ownership - must be a pharmacist to own 3) designations
85
What is the imact of revocation, suspenion, bankruptcy and death of owner
Revocation - can no longer be employed suspension - can still be a stakeholder death- personal rep can run pharmacy for 4 years bankruptcy - notify ocp and trustee can operate pharmacy
86
WHat are the rules and procedured for RDL
can only operate with accredited pharmacy behind it resitricted hours to hours of pharmacy pharmacy must keep recrods must have two way aduion-visual links must be indoors must have alarms and safety securley locked no narcs or controlled drugs
87
what are the basic principles for pharmacy advertising
ads should be undertstandable, professional and ethical no testimonies, endorsemnets or comparitive statements cant promote safety and efficacy of drugs
88
What info must be on RX label
Rx number presicriber pharmacy owner + address + phone number durg name, strength and quantity date dispensed
89
describe the importing, manufacturing and dsitribution of drugs
Manufacturing - regulated federally, DIN = approved for sale DEL - permits the manufacturing, distribution and import of drugs
90
what are the 4 fda drug schedules
A - disease where treatment not promoted to public b) official standards that all durgs must meet c) radiopharmaceticals D) allergenic substances, blood derivatives and immunizing agents G) controlled drugs and Prescription drug list
91
What are the symbols of the FDA
Pr- prescription required N- narcs C- controlled drugs TC - benzos and targeted drugs
92
What are the three types of recalls
type 1 -reasonable probability that exposure will lead to serious health effetcs type 2- use/exposure may cause temporary adverse effects type 3- use/exposure is not likely to cause adverse effects
93
What is the role of the canada vigilance program
canada post market surveillance program that reporst adverse effects
94
What are some Prescription drug list criteria
drug requires supervision of practictioner level of uncertainity with drug use potential harm that drug may cause

Pharm Cards (5 decks)

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