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Gero > Pharm > Flashcards

Pharm Flashcards

1
Q

Pharmacokinetics

A

absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs

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2
Q

Oral drugs

A

taken by mouth
come in tablets, capsules, powder, and liquid

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3
Q

EC

A

entericcoated drugs
dissolve when drug reaches the stomach

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4
Q

ER

A

Extended release
release over a period of time

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5
Q

XL

A

extended release

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6
Q

SR/XR

A

Sustained release

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7
Q

SA

A

Sustained action

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8
Q

What are the phases of pharmacokinetics?

A

Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion

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9
Q

Absorption

A

transmission of medications from the location of administration, to the bloodstream

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10
Q

Distribution

A

transportation of medications to sites of action by bodily fluids

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11
Q

Metabolism

A

changes medications into less active or inactive forms by the action of enzymes

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12
Q

Excretion

A

The elimination of medication from the body primarily from the kidneys

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13
Q

Different areas of location administration

A

GI tract, muscle, skin, mucous membranes, subQ tissue

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14
Q

Barriers to absorption (Oral)

A

medications must pass through the layer of epithelial cells that line the GI tract

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15
Q

Absorption pattern (Oral) varies due to:

A

GI pH and emptying time
Stability and solubility of medication
Presence of food in the stomach
Other concurrent medications
Forms of medications

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16
Q

Barriers of absorption (sublingual/buccal)

A

swallowing before dissolution allows gastric pH to inactivate the medication

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17
Q

Absorption pattern (sublingual/buccal)

A

quick absorption systemically through highly vascular mucous membranes

18
Q

Barriers of absorption (rectal, vagina)

A

presence of stool in the rectum or infectious material in the vagina limits tissue contact

19
Q

Absorption pattern (rectal, vagina)

A

easy absorption with both local and systemic effects

20
Q

Barriers of absorption (inhalation by mouth or nose)

A

inspiratory effort

21
Q

Absorption patterns (inhalation by mouth or nose)

A

rapid absorption through alveolar capillary networks

22
Q

Barries to absorption (intradermal)

A

close proximity of epidermal cells

23
Q

Absorption pattern (intradermal)

A

Slow, gradual absorption
Effects are primarily local

24
Q

Barriers to absorption (subQ, intramuscular)

A

Capillary walls have large spaces between cells therefore having no significant barrier

25
Q

Absorption pattern (subQ, intramuscular)

A

highly soluble meds have rapid absorption(10-30min), poorly soluble meds have slow absorption

sites with high blood perfusion have rapid absorption, sites with low perfusion have low absorption

26
Q

Barriers to absorption (intravenous)

A

no barriers

27
Q

Absorption pattern (intravenous)

A

immediate: enters directly into the blood
Complete: reaches the blood in its entirety

28
Q

Factors influencing distribution

A

Circulation, permeability of the cell membrane, plasma protein building

29
Q

Circulation

A

Diseases such as peripheral vascular or cardiac disease can delay medication distribution

30
Q

Permeability of the cell membrane

A

medication must be able to pass through tissues and membranes to reach its target area.

31
Q

Plasma protein building

A

Ability of medication to bind to a protein can affect how much of the medication will leave and travel to target issues. When two medications fight for the same protein it can cause toxicity

32
Q

9 body systems

A

Neurological
Musculoskeletal
Respiratory
Cardiovascular
Hematologic
Gastrointestinal
Reproductive and Genitourinary
Endocrine
Immune

33
Q

Parenteral (Injectable) Drugs

A

Come in liquid form or powder that needs liquid added (reconstitution)
Can be administered intravenously, subQ, intramuscular

34
Q

Topical or Transdermal Drugs

A

Medications that are applied to the skin, eyes, ears, nose, rectum, vagina, or lungs

35
Q

Drug Half-Life

A

time it takes for a drug that enters the body to decrease in amount by half

36
Q

Onset

A

amount of time it takes for the drug to demonstrate a therapeutic response

37
Q

Peak

A

time it takes the drug to demonstrate its full therapeutic effect (highest level)

38
Q

Duration

A

length of time the drug’s therapeutic effect lasts without additional doses

39
Q

Trough

A

when the drug is at its lowest level in the body

40
Q

Trough

A

when the drug is at its lowest level in the body

41
Q

Pharmacodynamics

A

biochemical changes that occur in the body as a result of taking a drug

42
Q

Therapeutic effects

A

intended effects of the drug

Gero (3 decks)

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