- anticoagulant - aPTT = 30-40 sec - therapuetic range = 1.5-2.5x normal = 46-70 sec - ONLY anticoag safe in pregnancy! - monitor for BLEEDING! - antidote: Protamine sulfate - complications: HITT (low platelets due to increased clotting)

- anticoagulant - INR/PT = 0.9-1.2 sec - therapeutic range = 2-3 sec - antidote: Vitamin K - NEVER with the 4 G's (ginger, garlic, ginseng, ginko biloba)

- antiseizure - therapeutic level = 10-20 - SE: gingival hyperplasia! - needs a filter! - NO CALCIUM!

- antidepressants - increases norepinephrine + serotonin - anticholinergic SE: can't see/pee/spit/shit

- mood stabilizer - treats bipolar disorder! - therapeutic range = 0.6-1.2 - SE: seizures, arrythmias, fatigue, confusion, nausea - NO NSAIDs + DIURETICs - AVOID dehydration - not feeling well? take Lithium level + call MD!

- first-gen antipsychotic - SE: EPS, tardive dyskinesia, NMS - Extrapyramidal Symtpoms (EPS) = "Parkinson's" tremors, slurred speech, dystonia, anxiety - Tardive dyskinesia= involuntary repetitive moements (facial twitching, lip smacking, grimacing) - Neuroleptic Malignany Syndrome (NMS) = "sunburnt white muscular guy" fever, muscle rigidity, altered LOC, increased WBCs

- diuretic - treats HF - Na is exreted in urine - BEFORE administering IV = check BP! - SE: tinnitus (when pushed too fast) - monitor K levels!

- Sp = Spares K+ - K-sparing diuretic - treats HF + HTN - monitor K levels!

- (-thiazide) diuretic - absorbs Na + water - montor BP + electrolytes!

PHARM Flashcards by Angelica Dela Rosa

Heparin (HEP)

anticoagulant
aPTT = 30-40 sec
therapuetic range = 1.5-2.5x normal = 46-70 sec
ONLY anticoag safe in pregnancy!
monitor for BLEEDING!
antidote: Protamine sulfate
complications: HITT (low platelets due to increased clotting)

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Warfarin

anticoagulant
INR/PT = 0.9-1.2 sec
therapeutic range = 2-3 sec
antidote: Vitamin K
NEVER with the 4 G’s (ginger, garlic, ginseng, ginko biloba)

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Phenytoin

antiseizure
therapeutic level = 10-20
SE: gingival hyperplasia!
needs a filter!
NO CALCIUM!

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Benzodiazepines (-zep- / -pams)

sedatives/anti-anxiety
treats seizures = Lorazepam
antidote: Flumazenil
Midazolam = fast-acting benzo
Diazepam = long-acting benzo

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SSRIs (Fluozetine, Sertraline, Escitalopram)

antidepressants
increases serotonin
SE: serotonin syndrome (HTN, confusion, anxiety, sweating)
SUICIDE PRECAUTIONS for 2-3 weeks!

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TCAs (-triptyline)

antidepressants
increases norepinephrine + serotonin
anticholinergic SE: can’t see/pee/spit/shit

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MAOIs (Isocarboxacid, Phenelezine, Tranylcypromine)

antidepressant (IsoPheneTrany)
increases all neurotransmitters
SE: hypertensive crisis!
NO TYRAMINE! (cheese, wine, avocaods)

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Lithium Carbonate

mood stabilizer
treats bipolar disorder!
therapeutic range = 0.6-1.2
SE: seizures, arrythmias, fatigue, confusion, nausea
NO NSAIDs + DIURETICs
AVOID dehydration
not feeling well? take Lithium level + call MD!

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Haloperidol

first-gen antipsychotic
SE: EPS, tardive dyskinesia, NMS
Extrapyramidal Symtpoms (EPS) = “Parkinson’s” tremors, slurred speech, dystonia, anxiety
Tardive dyskinesia= involuntary repetitive moements (facial twitching, lip smacking, grimacing)
Neuroleptic Malignany Syndrome (NMS) = “sunburnt white muscular guy” fever, muscle rigidity, altered LOC, increased WBCs

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-zine (Chlorpromazine)

antipsychotic

ALL antipsychotics SE: EPS, NMS, tardive dyskinesia!

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Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

antihistamine (allergies)
SE: drowsiness, anticholinergic SE, CNS depression

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Furosemide

diuretic
treats HF
Na is exreted in urine
BEFORE administering IV = check BP!
SE: tinnitus (when pushed too fast)
monitor K levels!

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Spironolactone

Sp = Spares K+
K-sparing diuretic
treats HF + HTN
monitor K levels!

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Hydrochlorothiazide

(-thiazide) diuretic
absorbs Na + water
montor BP + electrolytes!

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ACE-Inhibitors (-pril)

Lisinopril, Perindopril
antihypertensive
can causes COUGH + ANGIOEDEMA –> use ARBs instead!

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ARBs (-sartan)

Losartan, Candesartan
antihypertensive
alternative drug for ACE-inhibitors!

Calcium Channel Blockers (-dipine)

Amlodipine, Nifedipine, Verapamil, Diltiazem
antihypertensive
SE: peripheral vasodilation + gingival hyperplasia
NO GRAPEFRUIT!

Beta-Blockers (-olol)

Metoprolol, Bisoprolol
lowers BP!
beta 1 = (heart) increases inotropy + chronotropy
beta 2 = (lunngs) bronchodilation
monitor BP + HR (hold if HR < 60)

Nitrates (Nitroglycerin)

vasodilator
treats angina + CAD
SE: headaches + lightheadedness
monitor BP!

Adenosine

a”DOWN”osine
antiarrhythmic + pharmacologic cardioversion
treats SVT
push FAST!
may have brief aystole after administering
-SE: may be uncomfortable!

Atropine

atroPEAK
antiarrhythmic + anticholinergic
treats sinus bradycardia + heart block
inhibits Ach
NEVER IN GLAUCOMA PTS!

Digoxin

cardiac glycoside
treats HF + for cardiogenic shock
decreases HR (increaes heart contractility)
therapeutic range = 0.5-2
early SE: N/V, anorexia, vision changes
late SE: bradycardia + arrhythmias!
DIGOXIN TOXICITY RISK FACTORS = hypoK, hypoMAG, hyperCA, elderly, licorice
BEFORE administering = check HR (hold if HR < 60)
antidote = Digibind (Digoxin Immune Fab)

Epinephrine

vasocontrictor
emergency drug!
increases HR + systemic vascular resistance
given in CPR!

Antivirals (-ivir)

Acyclovir, Remdesivir

Antifungals (-azole)

- Terbinafine (nail infections) - Fluconazole (vaginal thrush) - Nyststin + Miconazole (oral thrush)

Antibiotics (-mycin)

- Vancomycin - "mean old mycins" = strong antibitoics! - SE: red-man syndrome, ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity! - preferred via central IV line!

Bronchodilators (-ol)

- Albuterol, Salbutamol - B2 agonist - treats acute asthma attacks! - SE: tachycardia!

Ondansetron (Zofran)

- antiemetic = N/V - give SLOWLY (fast push = QT prolongation + V. Tach!)

PPIs (-prazole)

- GI med! - decreased gastric acid production - REPORT black, tarry stools (melena)!!

Acetaminophen (Tylenol)

- non-opioid analgesic + antipyretic (fever) - #1 choice for FEVER! - MAX dose: 4 g (short-term) + 3 g (long-term) - antidote: N-acetylcysteine - SE: (long-term use) LIVER DAMAGE!

NSAIDs

- Naproxen, Salicylic acid/Acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin), Indomethacin, Ibuprofen, Ketorolac, Celecoxib, Diclofenac - non-opioid analgeics - treat pain, inflammation, fever - SE: BLEEDING + GASTIC ULCERS! - DO NOT take with other NSAIDs! - SUGGESTED/OKAY to take with opioids!

Aspirin (ASA)

- non-opioid analgesic, antipyretic (fever), antiplatelet - decreases platelet aggregation - treats MI - if given with viral disease in children = REYE's SYNDROME! - SE: BLEEDING!

Opioids

- Fentanyl, Hydromorphone, Codeine, Morphine, Oxycodone - opioid analgeics = CNS depressants = sedatives! - antidote: Naloxone (Narcan) - SE: constipation + bradypnea! - monitor for LOW RR!

Magnesium sulfate

- treats hypoMAG, Torsades de pointes, pre-eclampsia, + pre-term labor! - give IV SLOWLY! - monitor Mg levels

Oxytocin

- OB med! = induces labor! - hormone - stimulates smooth muscles causing contractions - monitor maternal contractions + FHR!

Steroids (-sone)

- Dexamethasone, Methylprednisolone - supresses inflammation + immune response - monitor TOO much steroids = CUSHINGS! - SE: delayed wound healing!

Disulfiram

- "die" fur "rum" - treats alcoholism! = makes you want to "die" = NO ALCOHOL! (including mouthwash) = will make pt nauseous, vomit, and sick