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nclex MUST-KNOWs > GI + Nutrition > Flashcards

GI + Nutrition Flashcards

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1
Q

intussusception

A

intestines telescope into itself
- currant jelly-like stool
- bloody mucus stools
- bilious vomit + nausea
- sausage-shaped mass = enlarged abdomen
- Tx: air / pneumatic enema

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2
Q

pyloric stenosis

A

narrowed pyloric stenosis
- projectile vomiting
- non-bilious vomit (metabolic alkalosis)
- love-shaped mass
- dehydrated!

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3
Q

Hirschsprung’s Disease

A

closed anus caused by inflamed large intestine
- MEGA-COLON!
- bilious vomit
- NO bowel movement for first 48 hrs!
- Tx: surgery + pull-through method!

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4
Q

Celiac’s Disease

A
  • NO BROW (gluten, rye, oats, wheat)
  • OK foods = rice, potatoes, eggs, cheese
  • first sign of allergy = rash
  • other signs: flatulence, fogginess, GI distress, joint pain
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5
Q

cystic fibrosis (CF)

A

genetic disorder that cannot keep NaCl in body
- dehydrated
- mucus plugs = thick and sticy
- NO pancreatic enzymes
- malabsorption + malnutrition
- Diet: HIGH fat, calories, protein + digestive enzymes (Pancreaslipase) during or with every meal with multivitamins
- can sprinkle pancreatic enzymes on top of acidic foods (applecauce)
- Tx: NaCl + IVF + Pancrealipase!

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6
Q

acid reflux

A

Antiacids = Aluminum hydroxide, Magnesium cabonate, Hydroxide calcium, Bismuth salicylate

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7
Q

GERD

A
  • PPIs (-prazole) = take Vit. D and Ca supplements + DEXA bone scan + wt-bearing exercises
  • H2 blockers (-tidine)
  • LOW fat + small frequent emals
  • NO eating at bedtime + NO laying down after meals (must wait 2 hrs after)
  • NO alcohol/tobacco, chocolate, coffee, peppermint
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8
Q

gastritis

A

Misoprostol

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9
Q

PUD

A

gastric + duodenal
- H. pylori
- Tx: triple therapy

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10
Q

cirrhosis

A

fibrosing of liver
- causes: alcohol, hepatitis
- NO albumin
- LOW blood clotting factors = Hemophilia A & B = Tx: -xaban
- HIGH ammonia, bilirubin, bile, INR/PT, bleeding
- Hepatic Encephalopathy = Tx: Lactulose + Neomycin!
- Pathological Jaundice = Abnormal (first 24 hrs)
- Physiological Jaundice = Normal (after 24 hrs = 2-3 days after birth)
- bile = pruritis = itchy!

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11
Q

esophageal varices

A

weak/distended varices!
- Tx: Octreotide, Balloon Angioplasty, Band Ligation, TIPS procedure

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12
Q

upper GI bleed

A
  • black, tarry stools
  • HIGH HR + LOW BP
  • long-term alcohol abuse = ALCOHOLICS
  • keep NPO!
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13
Q

cholelithiasis

A

6 F’s = female, fat, fertile, fourty, fair skin, family hx
- very PAINFUL!

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14
Q

cholecystitis

A

inflammation of gallbladder
- RUQ pain
- radiating to R shoulder
** NPO!

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15
Q

pancreatitis

A

inflammation of pancreas
- LUQ pain
- radiating to back
- cause: gallstones, alcohol, trauma
- monitor: pancreatic enzymes!
- can cause ARDS + psudeocyst!

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16
Q

appendicitis

A

inflammation of appendix
- periumbilical/midepigastric pain
- radiating to RLQ
- if NO pain = RUPTURED!
- McBurney’s Point = rebound tenderness = RLQ

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17
Q

diverticulitis

A

inflammation of small pouches in GI
- LLQ pain
- if radiating to LUQ = PERFORATION!
- Tx: NPO, IVF, PPIs, Metronidazole, high fiber/residue, no red meats/nuts

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18
Q

GI lab values

A
  • gastric pH = ≤ 5.5
  • GRV (gastric residual volume) = ≤ 500 mL
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19
Q

IBS

A
  • cause: trigger (spicy foods, dairy, stress, alcohol, coffee)
  • constipation, diarrhea, frequent BM, flatulence
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20
Q

Ulcerative colitis (UC)

A

IBD only in colon (large intestine)
- bloody diarrhea consistently
- colonoscopy with biopsy
- Diet: HIGH protein + LOW fiber/residue
- small frequent meals
- Tx: Sulfasalazine –> SE: photosensitivity!

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21
Q

Crohn’s Disease

A

IBD anywhere in GI tract (mouth to anus)
- watery diarrhea consistently
- colonoscopy with biopsy + endoscopy
- Diet: HIGH protein + LOW fiber/residue
- Tx: Sulfasalazine –> SE: photosensitivity!

22
Q

pyelonephritis

A

FLANK pain + a fever

23
Q

nephrolithiasis

A

FLANK pain radiating to GROIN

24
Q

vitamin B1 (Thiamine)

A

Wernicke’s Encephalopathy + ALCOHOL

25
Q

vitamin B3 (Niacin)

A

lowers bad cholesterol + increases good cholesterol
- normal SE: flushing sensation + HTN!
- monitor LFTs
- peanuts, meats, wole grains

26
Q

vitamin B6 (Pyridoxone)

A

treats TB!
- prevents peripheral neuropathy
- given with ISONIAZID
- meats, salmon, bananas

27
Q

vitmin B9 (Folic Acid/Folate)

A

prevents NTDs!
- standard = 400-800 mcg
- dark gree leafy veggies, meat,legumes, nuts/eggs

28
Q

vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)

A

meat, poultry, fish, shellfish
- at risk for Vitamin B12 deficiency = VEGANS + Pernicious anemia!

29
Q

take Ca with?

A

Vitamin D
“CAll Daddy”

30
Q

take Fe with?

A

Vitamin C
“IRON the Creases”

31
Q

PPIs

A

(-prazole)
- GERD + PUD
- stress ulcers
- may need Mg supplements!
- SE: C. Diff + osteoporosis!
- weight-bearing exercises, DEXA bone scan, Ca/Vit. D supplements!

32
Q

H2 Blockers

A

(-tidine)
- GERD + GI ulcers
- SE: decreased libido + gynecomastia

33
Q

antacids

A
  • instant GI relief
  • NEVER take with other meds (wait 2 hrs AFTER)
  • long-term antacids = metabolic alkalosis!
34
Q

Octreotide

A
  • for esophageal varices
  • SE: N/V/D
35
Q

Sulfasalazine

A
  • for UC + Crohn’s disease
  • SE: photosensitivity!
36
Q

Ondansetron (Zofran)

A
  • anti-emetic/nausea
  • SE: QT prolongation = V. Fib!
37
Q

Metoclopramide (Reglan)

A
  • anti-emetic/nausea
  • for gastroparesis, nausea, paralytic ileus
  • SE: EPS!
38
Q

Misoprostol

A
  • increases prostaglandins
  • for ulcers + ripens cervix for labor!
  • SE: diarrhea (long-term use)
  • NEVER in pregnancy!
39
Q

Lactulose

A
  • hepatic encephalopathy
  • weight loss
40
Q

Orlistat

A
  • weight loss med
  • normal SE: fatty stools, flatulence
  • ONLY take when eating!
  • take with Vitamins ADEK 2 hrs after
41
Q

K

A

bananas, avocados, tomatos, potatoes, spinach

42
Q

Na

A

salt, bacon, canned foods, processed foods, soy sauce

43
Q

Ca

A

dairy (milk, cheese), greens, broccoli, kale, canned fish

44
Q

Vitamin D

A

oily fish, cod liver oil, tuna, sun, foritfied milk

45
Q

P

A

“FONG” = fish, organ meats, nuts, grains

46
Q

Mg

A

“MAGNET” = milk/meat, avocado/potatoes, greens (spinach, broccoli, legumes), nuts/peas, etc (raisins, yogurt), tuna/tofu

47
Q

Iron (Fe)

A

iron-fortified cereals, red meats, lentils, fish, eggs, leafy greens (spniach), dried fruits

48
Q

Vitamin C

A

Citrus = oranges, juice, strawberries, tomatos, peppers

49
Q

Vitamin K

A

green leafy veggies (Kale)
- vitamin K deficiency = bleeding!
- antidote: Warfarin

50
Q

new ileostomy

A

opening in abdominal wall made during surgery when colon/rectum are not working properly
- NO broccoli, multigrains, popcorn
- OK foods = easily digested foods (canned fruits, rice)
- Diet = same as UC diet! = LOW fiber/residue+ HIGH protein/calories
- small frequent meals

51
Q

tube feedings

A

continuous @ 20-30 mL/hr

nclex MUST-KNOWs (15 decks)

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