Pharm Flashcards
What are some examples of Gram + bacteria
Staph Aureus
Staph Pneumoniae
Staph Agalactiae
MRSA
Strep Pyogenes
Enterococcus
Enterococcus faecium
Lactobacilli
Clostridium diff
Acinetobacter baumannii
What are some examples of Gram- bacteria
E. Coli
Psuedomonas aeruginosa
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Neisseria gonorrhea
Haemophilius influenza
Enterobacteriaeceae
Staph aureus: What infections can they cause and antibx treatment
Causes
-Skin infections
-Endocarditis
-Sepsis
-Osteomyelitis
-Pneumonia
Antibx Treatment:
-1st Generation Cephalosporins (Cefazolin, Cephalexin)
-Vancomycin (PO/IV)
-Linezolid
MRSA: What infections can they cause and antibx treatment
CAP
Skin and soft tissue infections
1st Line Treatment:
-Vancomycin
Daptomycin
Strep Pyogenes: What infections can they cause and antibx treatment
Pharyngitis
Impetigo
Cellulitis
Antibx Treatment:
Penicillins
Glycopeptides: Vanc
Staph pneumoniae: What infections can they cause and antibx treatment
Pneumonia
Meningitis
Sepsis
Penicillin G
Enterococcus: What infections can they cause and antibx treatment
UTI
Parotitis
Intra-abdominal infections
Cellulitis
Endocarditis
Treatment:
-Penicillins/Beta-Lactamase
—-Ampicillin-sulbactam (Unasyn)
—-Piperacillin-tazobactam (Zosyn)
5th Generation Cephalosporins
-Ceftaroline
Vancomycin
Daptomycin
Linezolid
Enterococcus faecium: What infections can they cause and antibx treatment
Pressure sores
Blood stream infections
Endocarditis
Linezolid
Clostridium difficile: What infections can they cause and antibx treatment
C. Diff Colitis
PO vanc
Acinetobacter baumannii: What infections can they cause and antibx treatment
Ventilator acquired PNA
Tetracyclines:
–Doxycycline
E. Coli: What infections can they cause and antibx treatment
Food-borne illness
UTI
Cholecystitis
Traveler’s Diarrhea
Sepsis
Floroquinolones:
Ciprofloxacin or levofloxacin
Pseudomonas aeruginosa: What infections can they cause and antibx treatment
Otitis Externa
PNA (especially VAP)
Wound infx
UTI
Sepsis
Treatment:
-3rd gen Cephalosporin
—-Ceftazidime
-4th generation Cephalosporin
—Cefepime
Carbapenems
Floroquinolones:
-Ciprofloxacin
-Levofloxacin
Penicillins/beta-lactamase
–Piperacillin-tazobactam (Zosyn)
Klebsiella Pneumoniae: What infections can they cause and antibx treatment
PNA
UTI
Sepsis
Send culture
Neisseria gonorrhea: What infections can they cause and antibx treatment
3rd Gen Cephalosporin
-Ceftriaxone
Haemophilius Influenza: What infections can they cause and antibx treatment
PNA
Bronchitis
Otitis Media
Cellulitis
Infectious arthritis
Second Generation Cephalosporins
–Ceftoxitin
Macrolides
-Azythromycin
Penicillins: Examples, 1st line therapies, Bacteria that they treat
PCN G
PCN V
Amoxicillin: G+, G-
Ampicillin: G+, G-
Amoxicillin: 1st line for acute otitis media and sinusitis
Amoxacillin: CAP without comorbidities
Treats Strep pyogenes
Beta-lactamase inhibitors: Examples, 1st line therapies, Bacteria that they treat
Clavulanic acid
Avibactam
Sulbactam
Tazobactam
Augmentin (Amox/Clavulanic acid): 1st line for bites, UTI in pregnancy
Acute:
-Health Care Associated Infections
-Mixed infections (wound and intra-abd)
Outpt:
-CAP with comorbidities or recent hospitalization
-Sinusitis
-Skin and soft tissue
First Generation Cephalosporins: Examples, 1st line therapies, Bacteria that they treat
Cefazolin (IV)
Cephalexin (PO)
Best G+ Coverage - Staph aureus, Staph Epidermis
Least G- Coverage
Treats most strep infx
Skin infx
Pneumococcal respiratory infx
UTI
Second Generation Cephalosporins: Examples, 1st line therapies, Bacteria that they treat
Ceftoxitin
Cefuroxime (PO)
G+, G-
Enhanced H. influenzaie and anaerobic coverage
CAP
Skin infx
Third Generation Cephalosporins: Examples, 1st line therapies, Bacteria that they treat
Ceftriaxone
Cefpodoxime (PO)
G+, G-
N. Gonorrhea
Skin and soft tissue infections
Bacterial PNA
UTI
Bacterial Meningitis
Ceftriaxone does not cover Pseudomonas
Fourth Generation Cephalosporin: Examples, 1st line therapies, Bacteria that they treat
Cefepime
G+, G-
Pseudomonas coverage
PNA
Skin infections
Sepsis
Fifth Generation Cephalosporin: Examples, 1st line therapies, Bacteria that they treat
Ceftaroline
Least G+ coverage
Best G- coverage
G- rods
MRSA
CAP
Skin and soft tissue
Highest chance of developing C. Diff
Carbapenems: Examples, 1st line therapies, Bacteria that they treat
Imipenem
Meropenem
G+, Aerobic G- rods, Anaerobes
HAI (VAPs and UTIs)
Mixed infections
Does not cover MRSA
Fluroquinolones: Examples, 1st line therapies, Bacteria that they treat
Levofloxacin
Ciprofloxacin
Moxifloxacin
Broad Spectrum
G+ rods
G- cocci
Levofloxacin: 1st line for atypical/complicated PNA with comorbities
Ciprofloxacin: 1st line for pyelonephritis, prostatitis
—-No longer abx of choice in uncomplicated UTI
Not safe in pregnancy
Glycopeptides: Examples, 1st line therapies, Bacteria that they treat
Vancomycin (only used PO to treat C. diff)
1st Line Treatment: C. Diff
Also for:
Skin and Soft tissue
Prosthetic device infx
Treats:
G+
-Strep
-Enterococcus
-MRSA
-MRSE
-Clostridium
Lincosamides: Examples, 1st line therapies, Bacteria that they treat
Clindamycin
Aerobic G+
Anaerobes
Protozoa
Treats:
Mixed intrabd infx
Community acquired MRSA
Brain abscess in AIDS patients
Dental infx
Acne (topical)
Avoided due to high risk for C. Diff
Oxazolidinones: Examples, 1st line therapies, Bacteria that they treat
Linezolid
G+
-MRSA
-VRE
Skin and soft tissue
CAP
HAP
Nitroimidazoles: Examples, 1st line therapies, Bacteria that they treat
Metronidazole (PO, IV, Topical)
Tinidazole
Broad spectrum (bacterial and parasitic)
Most anaerobes
Treats:
Intra-abd infx
C. Diff colitis
Anaerobic protozoal infx
Metronidazole:
-Trchomonas
-Giardia
-BV
Rifamycins: Examples, 1st line therapies, Bacteria that they treat
Rifampin
Rifaximin
Aerobic and anaerobic G+ cocci and rods
Prosthetic valve endocarditis
Rifampin: TB
Rifaximin: Traveler’s diarrhea, hepatic encephalopathy
Tetracyclines: Examples, 1st line therapies, Bacteria that they treat
Doxycycline
Intracellular/atypical bacteria
Rickettsia
Mycoplasma
Acenitobacter baumanii
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Complicated Skin and Soft Tissue
Complicated intra-abd infx
VAP
Outpatient:
Skin infx (MRSA)
Acne
Lyme
Respiratory infx
Chlamydia
CAP
Not to be used in pregnancy
Sulfonamides: Examples, 1st line therapies, Bacteria that they treat
Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim)
G+, G-
Mycobacterium
Fungi
Parasites
Community acquired MRSA
UTI
Cerebral toxoplasmosis
Don’t use with ACE, ARB, pregnancy
Aminoglycosides: Examples, 1st line therapies, Bacteria that they treat
Gentamicin
Tobramicin
Nitrofurantoin
Aerobic G- rods
Nitrofurantoin - 1st line for uncomplicated UTI
Gentamicin - Multidrug resistant infx, VAP, Endocarditis, Zoonotic infections
Macrolides: Examples, 1st line therapies, Bacteria that they treat
Erythromyicn - G+
Clarithromycin - Slightly greater activity than Erythromycin against atypicals and H. Pylori
Azithromycin - Less active against G+ (strep, staph), more active against G- (H. Flu)
1st Line in CAP - Azithromycin
1st Line in Pertussis
1st line in Chlamydia - Azithromycin
Antibiotics that cover MRSA
Vancomycin 1st line
Doxycycline or Bactrim for PO option
When would you use a long acting beta agonist for asthma
Persistent asthma that would be combined with inhaled corticosteroid (fluticasone)
What category of anti-HTNsive reduces LV remodeling during HRrEF
ACE-I
What are examples of high intensity statins
Atorvastatin
Rosuvastatin
Lowers LDL >50%
First line medication choice for peptic ulcer disease
PPI (-zole)
First line treatment of stable ventricular tachycardia
Amiodarone
Algorithm for Cardiac Arrest - Asystole/PEA
Start CPR and attach defibrillator
Shockable rhythm?
- Asystole and PEA are not shockable rhythms
Give Epinephrine
CPR for 2 minutes
—while doing this, insert IVs
Give epinephrine every 3-5 minutes
Determine if shockable rhythm
If not able to obtain shockable rhythm and no ROSC - call it
Algorithm for Cardiac Arrest - Ventricular Fibrillation or Ventricular Tachycardia
Start CPR
Is it a shockable rhythm?
YES!
Administer shock - biphasic
CPR for 2 mins - obtain IV/IO access
Check rhythm
If still shockable, shock again
Administer Epinephrine every 3-5 mins
If rhythm shockable again - do it
Administer amiodarone
First line treatment for Torsades
Magnesium
