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Acute Care NP Exam > Pharm > Flashcards

Pharm Flashcards

1
Q

What are some examples of Gram + bacteria

A

Staph Aureus
Staph Pneumoniae
Staph Agalactiae
MRSA
Strep Pyogenes
Enterococcus
Enterococcus faecium
Lactobacilli
Clostridium diff
Acinetobacter baumannii

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2
Q

What are some examples of Gram- bacteria

A

E. Coli
Psuedomonas aeruginosa
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Neisseria gonorrhea
Haemophilius influenza
Enterobacteriaeceae

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3
Q

Staph aureus: What infections can they cause and antibx treatment

A

Causes
-Skin infections
-Endocarditis
-Sepsis
-Osteomyelitis
-Pneumonia

Antibx Treatment:
-1st Generation Cephalosporins (Cefazolin, Cephalexin)
-Vancomycin (PO/IV)
-Linezolid

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4
Q

MRSA: What infections can they cause and antibx treatment

A

CAP
Skin and soft tissue infections

1st Line Treatment:
-Vancomycin
Daptomycin

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5
Q

Strep Pyogenes: What infections can they cause and antibx treatment

A

Pharyngitis
Impetigo
Cellulitis

Antibx Treatment:
Penicillins

Glycopeptides: Vanc

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6
Q

Staph pneumoniae: What infections can they cause and antibx treatment

A

Pneumonia
Meningitis
Sepsis

Penicillin G

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7
Q

Enterococcus: What infections can they cause and antibx treatment

A

UTI
Parotitis
Intra-abdominal infections
Cellulitis
Endocarditis

Treatment:
-Penicillins/Beta-Lactamase
—-Ampicillin-sulbactam (Unasyn)
—-Piperacillin-tazobactam (Zosyn)

5th Generation Cephalosporins
-Ceftaroline

Vancomycin
Daptomycin
Linezolid

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8
Q

Enterococcus faecium: What infections can they cause and antibx treatment

A

Pressure sores
Blood stream infections
Endocarditis

Linezolid

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9
Q

Clostridium difficile: What infections can they cause and antibx treatment

A

C. Diff Colitis

PO vanc

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10
Q

Acinetobacter baumannii: What infections can they cause and antibx treatment

A

Ventilator acquired PNA

Tetracyclines:
–Doxycycline

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11
Q

E. Coli: What infections can they cause and antibx treatment

A

Food-borne illness
UTI
Cholecystitis
Traveler’s Diarrhea
Sepsis

Floroquinolones:
Ciprofloxacin or levofloxacin

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12
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa: What infections can they cause and antibx treatment

A

Otitis Externa
PNA (especially VAP)
Wound infx
UTI
Sepsis

Treatment:
-3rd gen Cephalosporin
—-Ceftazidime

-4th generation Cephalosporin
—Cefepime

Carbapenems

Floroquinolones:
-Ciprofloxacin
-Levofloxacin

Penicillins/beta-lactamase
–Piperacillin-tazobactam (Zosyn)

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13
Q

Klebsiella Pneumoniae: What infections can they cause and antibx treatment

A

PNA
UTI
Sepsis

Send culture

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14
Q

Neisseria gonorrhea: What infections can they cause and antibx treatment

A

3rd Gen Cephalosporin
-Ceftriaxone

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15
Q

Haemophilius Influenza: What infections can they cause and antibx treatment

A

PNA
Bronchitis
Otitis Media
Cellulitis
Infectious arthritis

Second Generation Cephalosporins
–Ceftoxitin

Macrolides
-Azythromycin

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16
Q

Penicillins: Examples, 1st line therapies, Bacteria that they treat

A

PCN G
PCN V
Amoxicillin: G+, G-
Ampicillin: G+, G-

Amoxicillin: 1st line for acute otitis media and sinusitis
Amoxacillin: CAP without comorbidities

Treats Strep pyogenes

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17
Q

Beta-lactamase inhibitors: Examples, 1st line therapies, Bacteria that they treat

A

Clavulanic acid
Avibactam
Sulbactam
Tazobactam

Augmentin (Amox/Clavulanic acid): 1st line for bites, UTI in pregnancy

Acute:
-Health Care Associated Infections
-Mixed infections (wound and intra-abd)

Outpt:
-CAP with comorbidities or recent hospitalization
-Sinusitis
-Skin and soft tissue

18
Q

First Generation Cephalosporins: Examples, 1st line therapies, Bacteria that they treat

A

Cefazolin (IV)
Cephalexin (PO)

Best G+ Coverage - Staph aureus, Staph Epidermis
Least G- Coverage

Treats most strep infx
Skin infx
Pneumococcal respiratory infx
UTI

19
Q

Second Generation Cephalosporins: Examples, 1st line therapies, Bacteria that they treat

A

Ceftoxitin
Cefuroxime (PO)

G+, G-
Enhanced H. influenzaie and anaerobic coverage

CAP
Skin infx

20
Q

Third Generation Cephalosporins: Examples, 1st line therapies, Bacteria that they treat

A

Ceftriaxone
Cefpodoxime (PO)

G+, G-
N. Gonorrhea

Skin and soft tissue infections
Bacterial PNA
UTI
Bacterial Meningitis

Ceftriaxone does not cover Pseudomonas

21
Q

Fourth Generation Cephalosporin: Examples, 1st line therapies, Bacteria that they treat

A

Cefepime

G+, G-
Pseudomonas coverage

PNA
Skin infections
Sepsis

22
Q

Fifth Generation Cephalosporin: Examples, 1st line therapies, Bacteria that they treat

A

Ceftaroline

Least G+ coverage
Best G- coverage
G- rods
MRSA

CAP
Skin and soft tissue

Highest chance of developing C. Diff

23
Q

Carbapenems: Examples, 1st line therapies, Bacteria that they treat

A

Imipenem
Meropenem

G+, Aerobic G- rods, Anaerobes

HAI (VAPs and UTIs)
Mixed infections

Does not cover MRSA

24
Q

Fluroquinolones: Examples, 1st line therapies, Bacteria that they treat

A

Levofloxacin
Ciprofloxacin
Moxifloxacin

Broad Spectrum
G+ rods
G- cocci

Levofloxacin: 1st line for atypical/complicated PNA with comorbities

Ciprofloxacin: 1st line for pyelonephritis, prostatitis
—-No longer abx of choice in uncomplicated UTI

Not safe in pregnancy

25
Q

Glycopeptides: Examples, 1st line therapies, Bacteria that they treat

A

Vancomycin (only used PO to treat C. diff)

1st Line Treatment: C. Diff
Also for:
Skin and Soft tissue
Prosthetic device infx

Treats:
G+
-Strep
-Enterococcus
-MRSA
-MRSE
-Clostridium

26
Q

Lincosamides: Examples, 1st line therapies, Bacteria that they treat

A

Clindamycin

Aerobic G+
Anaerobes
Protozoa

Treats:
Mixed intrabd infx
Community acquired MRSA
Brain abscess in AIDS patients
Dental infx
Acne (topical)

Avoided due to high risk for C. Diff

27
Q

Oxazolidinones: Examples, 1st line therapies, Bacteria that they treat

A

Linezolid

G+
-MRSA
-VRE

Skin and soft tissue
CAP
HAP

28
Q

Nitroimidazoles: Examples, 1st line therapies, Bacteria that they treat

A

Metronidazole (PO, IV, Topical)
Tinidazole

Broad spectrum (bacterial and parasitic)
Most anaerobes

Treats:
Intra-abd infx
C. Diff colitis
Anaerobic protozoal infx

Metronidazole:
-Trchomonas
-Giardia
-BV

29
Q

Rifamycins: Examples, 1st line therapies, Bacteria that they treat

A

Rifampin
Rifaximin

Aerobic and anaerobic G+ cocci and rods

Prosthetic valve endocarditis
Rifampin: TB

Rifaximin: Traveler’s diarrhea, hepatic encephalopathy

30
Q

Tetracyclines: Examples, 1st line therapies, Bacteria that they treat

A

Doxycycline

Intracellular/atypical bacteria
Rickettsia
Mycoplasma
Acenitobacter baumanii

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Complicated Skin and Soft Tissue
Complicated intra-abd infx
VAP

Outpatient:
Skin infx (MRSA)
Acne
Lyme
Respiratory infx
Chlamydia
CAP

Not to be used in pregnancy

31
Q

Sulfonamides: Examples, 1st line therapies, Bacteria that they treat

A

Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim)

G+, G-
Mycobacterium
Fungi
Parasites

Community acquired MRSA
UTI
Cerebral toxoplasmosis

Don’t use with ACE, ARB, pregnancy

32
Q

Aminoglycosides: Examples, 1st line therapies, Bacteria that they treat

A

Gentamicin
Tobramicin
Nitrofurantoin

Aerobic G- rods

Nitrofurantoin - 1st line for uncomplicated UTI

Gentamicin - Multidrug resistant infx, VAP, Endocarditis, Zoonotic infections

33
Q

Macrolides: Examples, 1st line therapies, Bacteria that they treat

A

Erythromyicn - G+
Clarithromycin - Slightly greater activity than Erythromycin against atypicals and H. Pylori
Azithromycin - Less active against G+ (strep, staph), more active against G- (H. Flu)

1st Line in CAP - Azithromycin
1st Line in Pertussis
1st line in Chlamydia - Azithromycin

34
Q

Antibiotics that cover MRSA

A

Vancomycin 1st line

Doxycycline or Bactrim for PO option

35
Q

When would you use a long acting beta agonist for asthma

A

Persistent asthma that would be combined with inhaled corticosteroid (fluticasone)

36
Q

What category of anti-HTNsive reduces LV remodeling during HRrEF

A

ACE-I

37
Q

What are examples of high intensity statins

A

Atorvastatin
Rosuvastatin

Lowers LDL >50%

38
Q

First line medication choice for peptic ulcer disease

A

PPI (-zole)

39
Q

First line treatment of stable ventricular tachycardia

A

Amiodarone

40
Q

Algorithm for Cardiac Arrest - Asystole/PEA

A

Start CPR and attach defibrillator
Shockable rhythm?
- Asystole and PEA are not shockable rhythms
Give Epinephrine
CPR for 2 minutes
—while doing this, insert IVs
Give epinephrine every 3-5 minutes
Determine if shockable rhythm
If not able to obtain shockable rhythm and no ROSC - call it

41
Q

Algorithm for Cardiac Arrest - Ventricular Fibrillation or Ventricular Tachycardia

A

Start CPR
Is it a shockable rhythm?
YES!
Administer shock - biphasic
CPR for 2 mins - obtain IV/IO access
Check rhythm
If still shockable, shock again
Administer Epinephrine every 3-5 mins
If rhythm shockable again - do it
Administer amiodarone

42
Q

First line treatment for Torsades

A

Magnesium

Acute Care NP Exam (22 decks)

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