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Pharmacology > Pharm 1 > Flashcards

Pharm 1 Flashcards

1
Q

How does digoxin work on the heart

A

It increases the contraction of the heart (positive) or it can decrease heart rate and contraction of the heart (negative)

  • main goal is to increase CO and SV
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2
Q

What is digoxin used for

A

CHF and A-fib

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3
Q

What are the S/S of digoxin toxicity

A

Nausea and Vomiting
Bradycardia, heart block and dysrhythmias
photophobia, yellow- greenish halos around items or just halos and flashes of light

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4
Q

Nursing Interventions for giving digoxin

A

Assess apical rate for 1 min and do not give if under 60 for adult, 70 for child and 90 for infant
Assess potassium levels to ensure pt is not under 3.5
Assess DIg levels every day and assess for toxicity
Give same time every day and do not double up dose
Edu pt on s/s of toxicity and when to report and edu on PR taking

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5
Q

What are the complications of digoxin

A

CNS- blurred vision, halos, yellow/green vision
GI- anorexia, N/V, and abd pain

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6
Q

Memory trick for digoxin toxicity

A
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7
Q

What class is digoxin toxicity

A

Cardiac glycosides

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8
Q

What class is furosemide and bumetanide

A

High- ceiling loop diuretic

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9
Q

What are the uses of furosemide

A

HF
Pulmonary edema
Edema due to liver or renal failure or heart/HTN

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10
Q

What are the ADR of furosemide

A

Hypokalemia
- can lead to deadly dysrhythmias
Hypotension
- which can lead to falls and dizzy spell
Ototoxicity
- give slow and do not give with other meds, such as gentamicin, that can cause ear toxicity
Dehydration, hyponatremia
- watch UOP and weights, electrolytes and DVT

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11
Q

What class is a NSAIDs

A

Non-opioid analgesics

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12
Q

What are the uses of NSAIDs

A

Can be used for inflammation, fever and pain (cox 2)
Also used to decrease the amount of platelet aggregation and decrease renal damage (cox 1)

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13
Q

What are the ADR or SE of NSAIDS

A

GI complications, toxicity, can mess with renal function

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14
Q

Nursing interventions of aspirin (SALICYISM) toxicity

A

Activated charcoal
HD to get rid of ASA in blood
Cool pt down
IV F/E
Bicarb to treat the acidotic state
Gastric lavage

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15
Q

Interventions for impaired renal function due to NSAIDs use

A

Assess for edema, weight gain, HTN
Take I&O’s

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16
Q

Interventions for GI issues due to NSAIDs use

A

Take with food or with water or milk
Give PPI or H2 receptor or misoprostol
Asses for S/S of GI bleed

17
Q

S/S of aspirin toxicity

A

Fever, sweating, acidosis, dehydration, coma, respiratory depression, and F/E imbalance

18
Q

S/S of impaired renal function

A

Decreased UOP
Elevations in BUN and creatinine

19
Q

S/S of GI complications with the use of NSAIDS

A

GI bleed or perforation
Heartburn, abd pain, dyspepsia and nausea

20
Q

What causes Reye’s Syndrome

A

When a a child takes a NSAID when they have a viral illness such as chickenpox

21
Q

What is the action of Epoetin Alfa

A

to increase the production of RBC

22
Q

What are the uses of Epoetin alfa

A

For people with anemia due to CKD, chemo or taking zidovudine
Pt going to a elective surgery

23
Q

What are the ADR of epoetin alfa

A

HTN
Increased risk of a thrombotic event
Increase risk of a seizure
Increased risk of a DVT

24
Q

What is baclofen used for

A

For patient with cerebral palsy, spinal cord injury or MS

25
Q

What are the ADR of baclofen

A

CNS depression
Risk for seizures
Urinary retention, constipation and nausea

26
Q

Important education for a patient taking baclofen

A

Do not take any other CNS depressants or opioids or alcohol
Take as prescribed
Do not stop drug abruptly

27
Q

What is docusate sodium used for

A

For patient experiencing constipation
It lowers the surface tension of the poop by adding water to the poop

28
Q

What are the ADR of docusate sodium

A

Fluid imbalance due to the NA and water reabsorption

29
Q

Important education for a patient taking docusate sodium

A

Do not take everyday
Drink 8 oz of fluid
Increase high fiber foods
Get regular exercise
Drink 2-3 liters a day

30
Q

What is clozapine used for

A

For people positive and negative s/s pf schizophrenia
Psychosis
Bipolar
Impulse control disorders

31
Q

What are the ADR of clozapine

A

Weight gain
DM
Dyslipidemia
Agranulocytosis
Sedation
Hypersalivating
Orthostatic hypotension
Anticholinergic effects

32
Q

What are important interactions of cloazpine

A

Do not give to patients on immunosuppressants
Edu to not drink, use opioids or use histamines it will make sedation worse and anticholinergic effect worse
Prolonged QT can happen with amiodarone, tricyclic antidepressants and clarithromycin

33
Q
A

Pharmacology (7 decks)

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