Phamacokinetics & Pharamacodynamics

Question 1

How does body handle drug

Answer 1

absorption, distribution, metabolism, excreation

Question 2

maximum therapeutic concentration

Answer 2

drug become toxic beyond that point

Question 3

minimum effective conc

Answer 3

minimum con where drug effect is observed

Question 4

pharmacodynamics

Answer 4

drug receptor theory- signalling- biological response

Question 5

therapeutic index

Answer 5

TD50/ED50, range of dose at which medication is effective without unacceptable adverse effect

Question 6

TD50

Answer 6

toxic dose 50

Question 7

ED50

Answer 7

effective dose 50

Question 8

higher TI

Answer 8

safer the drug

Question 9

Pharmacokinetics

Answer 9

absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion,
need to know to identify the dosage

Question 10

pharmacokinetics vs pharmacodynamics

Answer 10

1. dose resulting in conc vs time
2. effect vs conc

Question 11

drug receptor theory

Answer 11

drug and recepetor bind to for DR complex nd cause impact on effector
resulting in response

Question 12

affinity

Answer 12

measure of the probability that a drug molecule will interact with its receptor to form a DR complex
- both agonist and antagonise must have affinity to the receptor

Question 13

efficacy

Answer 13

intrinsic activity
the ability of bound liganf to activate the receptor

Question 14

agonist

Answer 14

interact with receptor and elicits a direct response

Question 15

antagonist

Answer 15

interact with receptor without eliciting a direct response

Question 16

receptor

Answer 16

any cmoponent of biologial system that interacts with drug and thereby leads to drug effect

Question 17

protein base targets

Answer 17

receptors, enzyme,s ion channels, transporters

Question 18

DNA target

Answer 18

inhibit replication and trasncrition
-antitumour :cispatin
- antibiotics: streptomycin

Question 19

drug that bind to osmotic diuretics

Answer 19

mannitol

Question 20

drug that bind to bulk laxative

Answer 20

agar and methyl cellulose

Question 21

Antaacids

Answer 21

against overproduction of acid in stomach
aluminium or magnesium hydroxide

Question 22

factors that affect the binding of drug to receptors

Answer 22

size, receptor drug interaction(ionic, covalent, hydrophobic interaction) and drug shape(complementary to receptor)

Question 23

law of mass

Answer 23

rate of checmical rxn is proportionate to the product of the concentrations of reactants
kf: forward
kr: reverse

Question 24

measure of affinity

Answer 24

K=Kf/Kr
Kd, dissociation constant
[d][r]/[dr] = kr/kf= kd
smaller the kd, the higher the affinity

Question 25

affinity and response

Answer 25

same conc, a drug with higher affinity will form more DR
receprot affinity determine the conc of drug required to form a significant number of drug receptor complexes

Question 26

magnitude of response to receptor occupation

Answer 26

proportional

Question 27

formula assocated with affinity

Answer 27

[DR]=b=(bmax*[d]free)/(d free + kD)
bmax when Dr approached R[t]

Question 28

efficacy(a)

Answer 28

measure of biological effectiveness of the DR complex the drug forms with its receptor
full agnosit : 1
partial: 0 to 1 , can be negative as well
antagonist : 0

Question 29

effficacy higher

Answer 29

higher then Emax

Question 30

who elicit diret respose and why

Answer 30

agonist bc of their efficacy

Question 31

who cannot product direct response

Answer 31

antagonist with no efficacy at the receptor thus no signaling mechanism

Question 32

potency

Answer 32

related to thedose requrired ot product a given degree of response >EC50

Question 33

factors affecting potency

Answer 33

affinity and efficacy

Question 34

dose required relation with potency

Answer 34

higher the potency, lower dose required

calculated with EC50 and IC40 for antagnonists

Question 35

y axis and x axis of log, con of drug and response curve

Answer 35

x- potency difference
y- efficacy difference

Question 36

how to choose drug of varying potency

Answer 36

look at the respose we want as well, and then the conc needed to obtain it
- higher response vs lower response

Question 37

response equation

Answer 37

emax*[d]/[d]+ec50