Phalanges and more! Flashcards
How many phalanges does the large (great) two have?
2- proximal and distal
*the lesser toes (digits 2-5) all have 3 phalanges- proximal, middle, and distal
Describe the base of the proximal phlalanx.
has an oval, concave articular surface called the glenoid cavity
what muscle inserts on the trasverse crest (tubercle) on the dorsal surface of the proximal phalanx close to its base?
extensor hallucis brevis
On the plantar surface of the proximal phalanx, there are 2 tubercles near the base. What is attached to the medial plantar tubercle/ lateral plantar tubercle?
- medial- medial head of the flexor hallucis brevis & abductor hallucis
- lateral- lateral head of flexor hallucis brevis & adductor hallucis
the shaft of the proximal phalanx of slightly grooved at each end by the tendon of what?
flexor hallucis longus
on the dorsal surface of the distal phalanx, what muscle attaches to the tuberosity near teh base?
extensor hallucis longus
each proximal phalanx has two plantar tubercles, one medial and one lateral. For toes 3-5, the medial plantar tubercles is for what muscle?
plantar interossei
the lateral plantar tubercles for proximal phalanx 3-5 are for what muscle attachment?
corresponding dorsal interossei
the lateral plantar tubercle for the proximal phalanx of the 5th toe is for what?
abductor digiti quinti
flexor digit quinti
what are sesamoid bones?
bones that form within tendons
what are teh two most constant sesamoid bones?
the medial (tibial) and lateral (fibular) bones within the tendons of flexor hallucis brevis, located at the 1st MPJ
Where is the os peroneum found?
located within the tendon of peroneus longus as it crosses the cuboid
where is the os trigonum found?
on lateral tubercle of posterior process of the talus
where is the os tibiale found?
on navicular tuberosity
what are accessory bones?
secondary ossification centers fail to fuse with the major portion of the bone
