Calcaneus

Question 1

How many tarsal bones are there? Name them.

Answer 1

(7)- talus & calcaneus, navicular, cuboid, 3 cuneiforms

Question 2

What is the dorsal surface of all tarsal bones aka?

Answer 2

superior surface

*for the calcaneus & talus, the dorsal surface is aka the proximal surface

Question 3

the plantar surface of all tarsal bones is aka ?

Answer 3

inferior surface

*for the calcaneus & talus, the plantar surface is aka the distal surface

Question 4

which tarsal bones are located in the proximal row?

Answer 4

calcaneus & talus

Question 5

note this exception: what is the distal surface for the calcaneus and talus?

Answer 5

the plantar surface

*for all other tarsal bones, the anterior surface is aka the distal surface

Question 6

what is the posterior surface of the tarsal bones (except the calcaneus & tarsal bones) aka?

Answer 6

proximal surface

Question 7

The anterior calcaneus is divided into thirds (anterior, middle, and posterior 1/3). Describe what each 1/3 contains.

Answer 7

anterior 1/3- anterior & middle facets
middle 1/3- posterior facet
posterior 1/3- smooth nonarticular area w/ numerous vascular foramina

Question 8

which facet on the dorsal calcaneus is supported by the sustentaculum tali?

Answer 8

middle facet of the dorsal calcaneus

Question 9

where is the calcaneal sulcus located?

Answer 9

btwn the middle and posterior facet

Question 10

the calcaneual sulcus combines with what structure to form the tarsal sinus and tarsal canal?

Answer 10

deep groove of the plantar surface of the talus

Question 11

what is the relationship btwn the tarsal canal and the tarsal sinus?

Answer 11

tarsal canal lies medial to the tarsal sinus

Question 12

what structure lies within the tarsal canal?

Answer 12

interosseous talocalcaneal ligament

Question 13

what structures are attached to the tarsal sinus?

Answer 13

1. extensor digitorum brevis
2. inferior extensor retinaculum
3. inferior peroneal retinaculum
4. cervical ligament
5. bifurcate ligament
6. dorsal calcaneocuboid ligament
7. lateral calcaneocuboid ligament

Question 14

which is the largest of the 3 facets on the dorsal calcaneus?

Answer 14

posterior articular facet

Question 15

what ligaments attach to the posterior 1/3 of the dorsal calcaneus?

Answer 15

1. posterior talocalcaneal ligament

2. fibulocalcaneal ligament

Question 16

Does the middle facet of the dorsal calcaneus lie medially or laterally?

Answer 16

lies medially

Question 17

What structures attach to the lateral process of the calcaneal tuberosity (posterolateral tubercle)?

Answer 17

1. abductor digiti quinti
2. lateral head of quadratus plantae
3. long plantar ligament
4. plantar aponeurosis

Question 18

what structures attach to the medial process of the calcaneal tuberosity (posteromedial tubercle)?

Answer 18

1. abductor hallucis
2. medial head of quadratus plantae
3. long plantar ligament
4. plantar aponeurosis
5. flexor retinaculum
6. flexor digitorum brevis
7. abductor digiti quinti

Question 19

what structures attach to the depression between the medial and lateral tubercles on the calcaneus?

Answer 19

1. long plantar ligament

2. abductor digiti quinti

Question 20

what structure attaches to the anterior tubercle of the calcaneus?

Answer 20

short plantar ligament (aka plantar calcaneocuboid ligament)

Question 21

what structure attaches to the medial margin of the anterior surface of the calcaneus?

Answer 21

calcaneonavicular (spring) ligament

Question 22

the posterior surface of the calcaneus consists of 3 areas: superior, middle, inferior. what is in each area and describe each surface?

Answer 22

1. superior- smooth; covered by a bursa that lies deep to tendo calcaneus
2. middle- roughened area; for attachement of tendo calcaneus and plantaris
3. inferior- rough; covered by fatty, fibrous tissue

Question 23

where is the retrotrochlear eminence located?

Answer 23

(lateral surface of calcaneus)

lies directly behind (posterior) to the peroneal tuberosity

Question 24

where is the peroneal tuberosity located?

Answer 24

(lateral surface of calcaneus)

lies anterior to the retrotrochlear eminence

Question 25

what lies inferior and posterior to the peroneal trochlea?

Answer 25

the groove for the tendon of peroneus longus

Question 26

if there is a second groove related to the peroneal trochlea, what is it formed by?

Answer 26

tendon of peroneus brevis

Question 27

if there is a third tubercle on the lateral calcaneus, what attaches there?

Answer 27

calcaneofibular ligament

Question 28

what structures attach to the medial surface of the calcaneus?

Answer 28

medial head of the quadratus plantae

*teh plantar nerves and vessels are located within the concavity of the medial surface of the calcaneus

Question 29

what do the superior/inferior surface of the sustentaculum tali articulate with?

Answer 29

superiorly- articulates with the talus

inferiorly- lies the groove for the tendon of the flexor hallucis longus

Question 30

what structures attach to the sustentaculum tali?

Answer 30

1. tibiocalcaneal ligament, a part of the deltoid ligament
2. medial talocalcaneal ligament
3. recurrent band of tibialis posterior (partial insertion)
4. plantar calcaneonavicular (spring) ligament