pH Scale, Neutralisation & Salts Flashcards
What does an aqueous solution mean?
Something dissolved in water.
What is a base and what do they produce?
Keywords: Neutralise, salt and water
A substance that reacts with an acid to neutralise it.
Bases produce salt and water.
True or false: Metal oxides are acids.
False. Metal oxides are bases.
True or false: Non-metals produce oxides which are alkaline.
False. Non-metal oxides are acidic.
Most metal oxides can _____________, producing _________ solutions.
dissolve in water
acidic
What is an acid?
Keywords: pH and hydrogen ions
A corrosive substance with a pH less than seven. Has a high concentration of hydrogen ions.
What is an alkali?
A base that can dissolve in water.
Acids produce an _______ ____when dissolved in water.
Alkali produce an _______ ____when dissolved in water.
excess of hydrogen ions
excess of hydroxide ions
The higher the concentration of H+ ions in an acidic solution, the _______ the pH.
lower
The more concentrated the solution of an acid, the _______ its pH will be.
lower
What is the difference between a strong and weak acid?
A strong acid completely disassociates into hydrogen ions while a weak acid only partially disassociates.
What is neutralisation?
A chemical reaction when an acid and base react with each other quantitatively.
Is neutralisation endothermic or exothermic?
Exothermic.
How can pure, dry crystals of zinc chloride be made?
Can be produced by crystallisation, then filtration to remove excess solution, then drying in the oven.
What is the equation for a neutralisation reaction between an acid and metal?
Acid + metal → salt + hydrogen
What is the equation for a neutralisation reaction between an acid and alkali?
Acid + alkali → salt + water
What is the equation for a neutralisation reaction between an acid and carbonate?
Acid + carbonate → salt + water + carbon dioxide
The neutralisation reactions of acids with metals are _______ reactions.
redox
What are the two steps to naming salts?
1.
2.
1.Base, acid or metal carbonate
2. Acid.
How do you make a soluble salt from
an acid and insoluble reactant
(metal, metal oxide, metal hydroxide or carbonate)?
- Add ________________________ to acid in a beaker with a __________.
- Then _____ to mix.
- Continue adding powder until in _________ to ensure all of the acid _____________.
- __________ the mixture to __________________ so the filtrate now only contains a ________________.
- Heat the solution in an ___________________ over a water bath so it is now _____________.
- Leave the saturated solution to ____________ at ________________________.
powdered insoluble reactant
spatula
stir
excess
has reacted
Filter
remove excess solid
salt and water
evaporating dish
saturated
crystalise
room temperature
Why do chemists usually make salts by reacting a metal oxide or a metal carbonate with an acid instead of a metal with an acid?
Because the reaction between metals and acids produces flammable hydrogen.
