Pg. 51-57 reading quiz

Question 1

What is the most central principle in today psychology?

Answer 1

Everything psychological is simultaneously biological

Question 2

Which part of your body is the symbol of love? Which part actually falls in love?

Answer 2

The heart is the symbol of love, your brain falls in love

Question 3

What is phrenology and who invented it?

Answer 3

Franz Gall invented it, it is a theory from the 1800s that claimed the bumps on our skull could reveal our mental abilities and character traits

Question 4

Which part of phrenology was actually correct?

Answer 4

the fact that they believed different parts of the brain have different functions

Question 5

What is biological psychology?

Answer 5

a branch of psychology concerned with links between biology and behavior

Question 6

What is a neuron?

Answer 6

a nerve cell: the basic building block of the nervous system

Question 7

What are sensory neurons?

Answer 7

Neurons that carry incoming information from the sensory receptors to the brain and spinal cord

Question 8

What are motor neurons?

Answer 8

Neurons that carry outgoing information from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles and glands

Question 9

What are interneurons?

Answer 9

neurons within the brain and spinal cord that communicate internally and intervene between the sensory inputs and motor outputs

Question 10

What is a dendrite?

Answer 10

The bushy, branching extensions of a neuron that recieve messages and conduct impulses toward to cell body

Question 11

What is an axon?

Answer 11

The extension of a neuron, ending in branching terminal fibers, through which messages pass to other neurons or to muscles or glands

Question 12

What is the relationship between axons and dendrites?

Answer 12

Axons speak. Dendrites listen

Question 13

What is a myelin sheath?

Answer 13

A layer of fatty tissue encasing the fibers if many neurons; enables vastly greater transmission speed of neural impulses

Question 14

What us action potential?

Answer 14

a neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down and axon

Question 15

How do neurons generate electricity? what is special about their surface?

Answer 15

The fluid interior of ions are negatively charged, while fluid exterior has positively charged ions. This is called resting potential, in which the surface of a neuron is selectively permeable, on letting certain thing in and out. The exchange of ions generates electricity

Question 16

What happens when a neuron fires?

Answer 16

The first bit of the axon opens its gates, letting the positively charged ions in and depolarizing the atom, then the next channel of the axon opens, depolarizing others, like a domino effect

Question 17

What happens after a neuron fires? what is this period called?

Answer 17

The refractory period. The neuron pumps the positive ions back outside, then it can fire again

Question 18

What is a threshold?

Answer 18

The level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse

Question 19

What is a synapse? What is the gap called?

Answer 19

The junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the recieving neuron. The tiny gap at this junction is called the synaptic gap

Question 20

What are neurotransmitters? How do they work?

Answer 20

chemical messangers that cross the synaptic gaps between neurons. When released by the sending neuron, they travel across the synapse and bind to receptor sites on the recieving neuron, influencing whether or not that neuron will generate a neural impulse

Question 21

What is reuptake?

Answer 21

A neurotransmitters reabsorbtion by the sending neuron

Question 22

What are endorphins?

Answer 22

natural, opiatelike neurotransmitters linked to pain and control and pleasure