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ENG 102 > pg. 46-58 > Flashcards

pg. 46-58 Flashcards

1
Q

[Name this fallacy] everybody’s going to the system of a down concert

A

Bandwagon appeal

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2
Q

Bandwagon appeal

A
  • makes claim that everybody is doing this and thinking that.
  • if we dont want to be left out, we have to get on the bandwagon and do think the same things.
  • belonging in the same group or behaving like the majority. It plays on our fears on being different or being excluded.
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3
Q

[Name this fallacy] I saw Ralph in the courthouse; he must have been arrested.

A

Post Hoc, Ergo Propter Hoc

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4
Q

[Name this fallacy] Just two weeks after they raised the speed limit, three people were killed on that road.

A

Post Hoc, Ergo Propter Hoc

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5
Q

[Name this fallacy] She’s so pretty she must not be smart.

A

Non Sequitur

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6
Q

[Name this fallacy] Discrimination in hiring is not unfair. An employer has to discriminate between competent and incompetent, good and bad workers. Otherwise, we’d be hiring people least qualified for the job.

A

Straw man

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7
Q

[Name this fallacy] If you haven’t written short stories, you shouldn’t be criticizing them.

A

Begging the question

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8
Q

Faulty use of Authority.

A

occurs when someone who is an expert in one area is used as an authority for another unrelated area.

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9
Q

[Name this fallacy] Americans shouldn’t find hunting objectional because one of our most popular presidents. Theodore Roosevelt, was an avid hunter.

A

Faulty use of Authority.

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10
Q

[Name this fallacy] Bank robbers should be punished because they break the law.

A

Circular reasoning

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11
Q

steps in deliberation

A
  • consider each of the writer’s claims and main points
  • think like a critic
  • find a way to respond that defines your own position on the issue.
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12
Q

[Name this fallacy] High school students don’t learn anything these days. Today’s teachers are academically underprepared.

A

Ad Populum Argument

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13
Q

[Name this fallacy] Guns kills. So we cannot allow the average citizen to possess a weapon.

A

Dicto Simpliciter

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14
Q

[Name this fallacy] We cannot except Ms. Luscas to know what it means to feel oppressed; she is a president of a large bank.

A

ad hominem argument

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15
Q

[Name this fallacy] Susan didn’t hire Jhon for the job because his wife is always late for meetings.

A

Red herring

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16
Q

[Name this fallacy] This whole gun control issue is polarizing the nation the way slavery did people living above and below the Mason-Dixon Line. Do we want another Civil War?

A

False analogy

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17
Q

ad hominem argument

A

“to the man” (latin). It is a personal attack on the opponent on the opponent’s views.
- Example - name calling, character assassination, and personal criticism.

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18
Q

[Name this fallacy] I’m failure organic chemistry because the teaching assistant doesn’t speak English well.

A

Hasty Generalization

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19
Q

Deliberation

A

is a way to arrive at your own position on a particular issue.

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20
Q

A sound analogy will

A

clarify a difficult or unfamiliar concept by4 comparing it with something easily understood or familiar.

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21
Q

[Name this fallacy] This book was w2ritten by a Stanford professor, so it must be good.

A

Hasty Generalization

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22
Q

Circular reasoning

A
  • in it the conclusion of a deductive argument is hidden in the premise of that argument.
  • Argument goes in a circle.
  • Repetition of key terms and ideas is not evidence.
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23
Q

[Name this fallacy] the majority of the American people want a constitutional amendment outlawing flag burning

A

Bandwagon appeal

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24
Q

You can’t begin deliberation until you have

A

comparing listen to and reflected on the complexities of each issue involved.

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25
Q

Analogy

A
  • compares two things that are alike in one or more ways.

- they expand meaning and demonstrate imagination.

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26
Q

[Name this fallacy] we cannot take four more years of her in office, given the way she voted against the death penatly

A

Staking the Deck

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27
Q

[Name this fallacy] Letting emerging nation have nuclear weapons is like giving loaded guns to children.

A

False analogy

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28
Q

[Name this fallacy] home schooling is dangerous because it keeps kids isolated from society.

A

Straw man

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29
Q

[Name this fallacy] Egnlish should be the official language of United States, and anybody who doesn’t like it can leave.

A

False dilemma

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30
Q

[Name this fallacy] If torture can save the lives of those who would be killed by terrorists, then the government should employ torture as a preemptive measure of protection.

A

Dicto Simpliciter

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31
Q

[Name this fallacy] The ship of state is about to wreck on the rocks of recession; we need a new pilot.

A

False analogy

32
Q

Ad Populum Argument

A

“to the people” - latin

  • argument aimed at appealing to the supposed prejudices and emotions of the masses.
  • writer’s attempt to manipulate readers by using emotional and provocative language to add appeal to their claim.
  • functions as a smoke screen. Hiding the lack of ideas in the argument.
  • example: Editorial page of newspaper.
33
Q

Dicto Simpliciter

A

“spoken simply” - latin

- From a general truth to a specific case regardless of the qualification of the latter.

34
Q

Red herring

A

is fallaciously used to distract the audience from the true issue of an argument
- it is used to confuse the audience by providing irrelavant information or evidence.

35
Q

[Name this fallacy] Mister Thompson had such breath it is a wonder that he sings so well.

A

Non Sequitur

36
Q

Staking the Deck

A
  • when the writers give only the evidence that supports their premise, while disregarding or withholding contrary evidence.
  • Data beautification: recording only results that match what an experiment is expected to predict.
  • example common in advertising and debates of controversial matters.
37
Q

[Name this fallacy] nobody will go along with that proposal

A

Bandwagon appeal

38
Q

[Name this fallacy] Legalized abortion is a step toward creating an antilife society.

A

Slippery Slope

39
Q

[Name this fallacy] Dicken’s Bleak House is six hundred pages of boring prose.

A

Staking the Deck

40
Q

[Name this fallacy] The teacher gave me an F in the course because she doesn’t like me.

A

Red herring

41
Q

[Name this fallacy] Smoking is bad for you because it ruins your health.

A

Circular reasoning

42
Q

[Name this fallacy] Parents should realize that private schools simply encourage elitism in young people.

A

Staking the Deck

43
Q

[Name this fallacy] Of course, he doesn’t see anything wrong with violent movies. The guy’s a warmonger.

A

ad hominem argument

44
Q

are there cases in which ad hominem argument is a legitimate rhetorical tool

A

Yes!

45
Q

[Name this fallacy] The American Bar Association states that secondhand smoke is a serious cancer threat to nonsmokers.

A

Faulty use of Authority.

46
Q

[Name this fallacy] Yo should buy these vitamins because Lady Gaga recommended them on television last night.

A

Faulty use of Authority.

47
Q

Ad misericodriam argument

A

“to pity” (latin)

  • This appeal to our emotions need not be fallacious or faulty.
  • writer uses this for emotional appeal for extra support.
48
Q

False dilemma

A

involves the simplification of complex issues into an either/or choice.

49
Q

Begging the question

A
  • passes off as true an assumption that needs to be proven.
50
Q

[Name this fallacy] I supported his candidacy for president because his campaign was so efficiently run.

A

Non Sequitur

51
Q

Hasty Generalization

A
  • occurs when a writer arrives at a conclusion based on too little evidence.
  • it is most frequently found fallacies.
  • it can also occur when the writer relies on evidence that is not factual or substantiated.
52
Q

[Name this fallacy] If we let them build those condos, the lake will end up polluted, the wildlife will die off, and the landscape will be scarred forever.

A

Slippery Slope

53
Q

[Name this fallacy] She is compassionate because she’s a woman

A

Begging the question

54
Q

[Name this fallacy] People who are to urbanization just want to go back to living in the caves.

A

Straw man

55
Q

What’s the latin for logical fallacy

A

is to deceive

56
Q

[Name this fallacy] People who are happy with their work are cheerful because they enjoy what they are doing.

A

Circular reasoning

57
Q

[Name this fallacy] That foolish law should be repealed.

A

Begging the question

58
Q

[Name this fallacy] Movies today is full orf either violence or sex.

A

False dilemma

59
Q

[Name this fallacy] If you want to see the crime rate drop, tell Hollywood to stop making movies that glorify violence.

A

Ad Populum Argument

60
Q

logical fallacies

A

sometimes writers make errors in logic. such errors are called logical fallacies.

61
Q

[Name this fallacy] Either we put warning labels on record and compact discs, or we’ll see more and more teenage girls having babies.

A

False dilemma

62
Q

[Name this fallacy] How could Tom accuse her of being careless? He’s such a slob.

A

ad hominem argument

63
Q

[Name this fallacy] Exercise is good for people. Now that Bob is out of the hospital he should go back to the treadmill.

A

Dicto Simpliciter

64
Q

How to look for logical fallacies?

A
  1. examine the logical connections between the claim, the reason, and the evidence to reveal the strength and weaknesses of the writer’s argument
65
Q

Non Sequitur

A

“does not follow” - latin

- It draws a conclusion that does not follow logically from the premise

66
Q

[Name this fallacy] Even though that hockey player was convicted of a vehicular homicide, he shouldn’t go to jail because he is such a great athlete.

A

Red herring

67
Q

Problem with False analogies

A
  • when two things compared do not match up feature for feature, and ideas being compared do not logically of connect or are pressed beyond legitimacy.
68
Q

[Name this fallacy] A ban on ethnic slurs will mean no more freedom of speech.

A

Slippery Slope

69
Q

Not all logical fallacies are

A

unintentional as sometimes a fallacy deliberately employed. for example, in media commercial and advertisements

70
Q

[Name this fallacy] That shopping mall is unsafe because there was a robbery there two weeks ago.

A

Hasty Generalization

71
Q

[Name this fallacy] Doctors oppose health reform because it will reduce their large incomes.

A

Ad Populum Argument

72
Q

[Name this fallacy] It is no wonder that the crime rate has shot up. The state legislature voted to lower the drinking age.

A

Post Hoc, Ergo Propter Hoc

73
Q

[Name this fallacy] It makes no difference if he was guilty of Nazi war crimes. The man is 88 years old and in frial health, so he should not be made to stand trial.

A

Ad misericodriam argument

74
Q

Straw man

A

literally refers a straw-stuffed dummy in the shape of a man and dressed in clothes: a scarecrow or an effigy for burning or target practice.

  • terms refer to something less than a real person or a weak or ineffective substitute.
  • refers to a strategy of refuting another person’s actual position by substitution an exaggerated or distorted version of that position.
75
Q

[Name this fallacy] Paula is 16 years old and lvies on welfare with her mother; she suffers serious depression and functions like a child half her age. She should not b3e sent to adult court, where she will be tried for robbery, so she can spend her formative years behind bars.

A

Ad misericodriam argument

76
Q

Post Hoc, Ergo Propter Hoc

A

“after this, therefore because of this” - latin

  • it establishes a questionable cause and effect relationships between events.
  • Made by people prone to superstition.
77
Q

Slippery Slope

A

It presumes that one event will inevitably lead to a chain of other events end in a catastrophe.
- this domino effect reasoning is fallacious because it depends on presumption than on hard evidence.

ENG 102 (3 decks)

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