Pg 17-24: Suez Crisis, 6 Day War, Yom Kippur Flashcards
What was the Suez Canal Crisis of 1956?
A conflict where Israel, Britain, and France attacked Egypt after Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser nationalized the Suez Canal.
It involved Cold War tensions and led to the first UN peacekeeping force.
Why was the Suez Canal important?
It controlled most of the oil used in Europe and was a crucial shipping route between Europe and Asia.
What happened on October 29, 1956?
Israeli armed forces moved into Egypt towards the Suez Canal.
Who built the Suez Canal and when did it open?
French diplomat Ferdinand de Lesseps led its construction. It opened in 1869.
Why did Nasser nationalize the Suez Canal?
To use the tolls to fund the Aswan Dam after the U.S. withdrew its promise of financial aid, and due to Soviet support.
What was the Soviet Union’s role in the Suez Crisis?
They supported Egypt with weapons and money, and threatened nuclear retaliation against the invading forces.
How did the United States respond to the Suez Crisis?
They warned the Soviets against intervention and pressured Britain, France, and Israel with economic threats to withdraw.
What was the aftermath of the Suez Crisis?
It weakened Britain and France’s global power, strengthened Nasser’s position, and led to the first UN peacekeeping force (UNEF).
What was the Six-Day War of 1967?
A short war between Israel and Egypt, Syria, and Jordan, resulting in Israel’s capture of the Sinai Peninsula, Gaza Strip, West Bank, East Jerusalem, and Golan Heights.
What were the origins of the Six-Day War?
Border disputes, Syrian-backed Palestinian attacks on Israel, and Egyptian mobilization in the Sinai Peninsula.
What was Operation Focus?
Israel’s preemptive aerial attack on Egypt that initiated the Six-Day War.
What were the results of the Six-Day War?
Israel gained significant territories, leading to a surge of national pride in Israel and increased tension with Arab states.
What was the Khartoum Resolution?
A resolution by Arab leaders after the Six-Day War, stating “no peace, no recognition, and no negotiation” with Israel.
What was the Yom Kippur War of 1973?
A war launched by Egypt and Syria to regain territories lost in the Six-Day War; it led to heavy casualties and political changes.
What was the significance of the 1979 peace treaty between Israel and Egypt?
Israel returned the Sinai Peninsula to Egypt, marking a significant step in Arab-Israeli relations.
What happened to the Palestinian population after the creation of Israel?
Many Palestinians were displaced and became refugees, leading to ongoing conflict.
What was the Law of Return (1950)?
Israeli law granting any Jew the right to settle in Israel.
Who was Yasser Arafat?
Leader of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO).
What was the impact of the Yom Kippur War?
Led to Golda Meir stepping down as Israeli Prime Minister and changes in Israeli-Arab relations.
What was the main reason for the conflict between Israel and its Arab neighbors after Israel’s creation?
Conflicting nationalist aspirations and territorial disputes, particularly concerning the status of Palestine.
