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Pulmonology > PFT's and ABG's > Flashcards

PFT's and ABG's Flashcards

1
Q

PFT Definition

A

PFT’s obtained on a patient are compared to normal values from population studies. The percent of predicted normal is used to grade the severity of abnormal.

PFT’s include:

Simple Spirometry

Lung Volume Measurements

Diffusing Capacity

Arterial Blood Gases

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2
Q

TV

A

Tidal Volume: The amount of air that is breathed in and out during resting or normal breathing

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3
Q

VC

A

Vital Capacity: The total amount of air that can be exhaled after maximal inspiration

AKA Slow Vital Capicity (SVC)

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4
Q

FVC

A

Forced Vital Capacity: The total amount of air that is exhaled forcefully after a forceful inspiration

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5
Q

FEV1

A

Forced Expiratory Volume-1 second: The amount of air exhaled forcefully in the first second of expiration

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6
Q

FEV1/FVC

A

The FEV1 devided into the FVC

Used to determine if there is an obstruction present

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7
Q

IRV

A

Inspiratory Reserve Volume: The amount of air that is inhaled after a normal breath

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8
Q

IC

A

Inspiratory Capacity

TV + IRV = IC

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9
Q

ERV

A

Expiratory Reserve Volume

The amount of air exhaled after the TV

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10
Q

FRC

A

Functional Residual Capacity

ERV + RV = FRC

The amount of air in your lungs at the end of a normal breath

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11
Q

RV

A

Residual Volume

The amount of air left in the lungs after a maximal expiration

(Calculated)

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12
Q

TLC

A

Total Lung Capacity

The amount of air in the lungs after a maximal inspiration

TLC = TV + IRV + ERV + RV

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13
Q

Contraindications for PFT’s

A

Recent CP or MI

Pneumothorax (recent or untreated)

PE (wait 2-3 months after resolution)

Recent surgery: Eye, Chest, Abdomen

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14
Q

Predicted Values

A

Based on age, height, and gender. Sometimes race.

Lower Limit of Normal (LLN) is under 80% of predicted

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15
Q

Slow Vital Capacity Measurements

A

Passive maneuver using a Wright Respirometer

Simple measurement when only VC is needed.

Frequently used in neuro exam when monitoring things like MD, Myasthenia Gravis, and Guillain Barre

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16
Q

FVC Measurement

A

MC screening tool because can be performed anywhere using a spirometer

Reports

Time Volume Curve: can use to calculate FEV1 and FVC

Flow Volume Loop: size and shape can indicate location of airflow obstruction to help differentiate disease processes

  • Restriction: Normal shape but smaller
  • Obstruction: Scooping
  • Fixed Obstruction: Small circle

Can differentiate between obstructive and restrictive processes

17
Q

Bronchoprovocation Test

A

Used to determine airway hyperreactivity

Methacholine is the gold standard

Cold and exercise challenges can also be used

Can be used to differentiate between asthma and VCD (Excercise challenges)

18
Q

Lung Volumes

A

Nitrogen washout or helium dilution used to measure ERV, RV, FRC, and TLC

Measured in by body plethysmography (body box)

Air trapping denoated an elevation in FRC, ERV and/or RV

Hyperinflation denotes an elevation in the TLC

FRC, ERV, RV, and TLC can be decreased in restrictive processes

19
Q

DLCO or Diffusing Capacity

A

Uses a small volume of CO to assess the ability of gas to diffuse across the alveolocapillary membrane

Generally used to distinguish between obstructive diseases

i.e. COPD is decreased, asthma is increased

20
Q

FEV1/FVC Ration

A

Found during FVC measurements from Time Volume Curve

FEV1: normal lung is >70%

Obstructive–decreased flow (low FEV1/FVC)

Restrictive–decreased volume (low FVC)

21
Q

Non-Pharm Interventions

A

Chest Physiotherapy (PT) for pts with thick secretions (CF)

Oxygen is hypoxia is present

Smoking cessation

Pulmonary Rehab

  • Exercise and conditioning including breathing retraining, ventilatory muscle training, energy conservation as it applies to ADL’s
  • Med education
  • Education about what to expect from dz (i.e. sleep disturbances)
  • Nutrition, smoking cessation
  • Advance care planning
  • Contraindications: pt unmovitivated to change, dz is progressed to the point where it will not help, or have other comorbidities that make PR an unsafe option
22
Q

ABG Definition

A

ABG measures acidity and the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide

Used to see how well the lungs are able to diffuse gas

Pulmonology (17 decks)

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