PFMC Flashcards
PFMC Exam 1
What is centered on a vision to guide change. The art and science of influencing other towards to attainment of goals. It moves followers to action and ensures that followers behavior is purposeful, and goal directed.
Leadership
The practice of adjusting our brain depending on task that is needing accomplished. Focused on important and relevant information. Filtering out unrelated information to the critical task.
Strategic attention
Seemingly unrelated data points coming together to create new ideas. Deconstructing conclusions to create new ones.
Integrated reasoning
The capacity to be aware, to control, express feelings, and handle our interpersonal relationship judicially and empathetically. Better understanding yourself and people around you, and what you feel.
Emotional Intelligence
What are the 2 competencies of Emotional intelligence?
- Intra (personal) competency
- Inter (social) competency
What makes up Intra competency?
- Self-awareness
- Self-managment
- Motivation
What makes up Inter competency?
- Social awareness (skills)
- Relationship Management (Empathetic)
What are some characteristics of critical thinkers?
Reasonable, reflective, and aligned with intellectual standards
What are some traits of good critical thinkers?
They raise vital questions, gathers & assesses relevant information, effectively comes to well-reasoned conclusions, thinks open minded, and communicated effectively
What are the characteristics of a “Vision”
o Defines the optimal desire future/provide guidance and inspiration as to what and organization is focused on achieving.
o What all employees understand their work every day ultimately contributes
What are characteristics of a “Mission”
o Defines the present state or purpose of the organization
o What it does, for who and how it does it
What does a “Goal” provide?
o Desired future state in a particular area or theme
What is the SAF/FM Mission?
Maximize Resources for our Nation’s Air Force
What is the SAF/FM Vision?
Right Resources - Right Place, Right Time, Every Time
What are the 5 steps of the decision making model discussed in class?
- Identify the Issue
- Analyze the Issue
- Develop Alternatives
- Evaluate the Alternatives
- Make a Recommendation
What is the most important step of decision support?
Identify the Issue
What is the function of the “Identify the Issue” step?
-Ensures decision makers and decision support teams are working towards same objective
-Structures the problems
-Sets the Stage for success
What are the tools associated with the “Identify the Issue” step?
o Brainstorming
o Fish Bone (Cause & Effect)
o Five Wise (Why’s)
What is the purpose of Part 1 of the “Analyze the Issue” step?
Breaks issues down to better understand its parts / Simplifies complex issues
What is the deliverable of Part 1 of the “Analyze the Issue” step?
“Issue Environment” - Relevant Facts, Necessary Assumptions, Valid Limitations, and defined / weighted evaluation criteria
What are the tools associated with Part 1 of the “Analyze the Issue” step?
- Affinity Diagram (Brainstorming, Random Facts)
- Relations Diagram (Cause and Effect, Expands on Affinity)
- Q-Box (5 Whys + How) X Importance Factors
What is the purpose of Part 2 of the “Analyze the Issue” step?
o Develop Evaluation Criteria
o Reveals and documents preferences
o Evaluates the “Good”
* What do we have to work with?
* Context
* Priorities
* Intent
Why do you define evaluation criteria prior to developing alternatives?
To mitigate bias
What are the characteristics of good alternatives?
Good alternatives are:
o Broadly constructed
o Feasible
o Genuine
o Reasonably numerous
What is benchmarking and why would you use it?
Benchmarking IDs/Applies “Best practices”
Used to:
* Improve performance
* ID opportunities for improvement
* Reduce risk
* Potentially save resources
What are the components of a SWOT analysis?
o Strengths
o Weaknesses
o Opportunities
o Threats
What does the “Evaluate the Alternatives” step determine?
The best set of criteria to evaluate alternatives based on issue identification and desired end state
What are the two levels of measurement?
Quantitative and Qualitative
What level of measurement provides an interval difference between numbers?
Quantitative
What level of measurement is nominal or of no particular order, or provides ordinal-ranked?
Qualitative
What are the elements of a decision brief?
- Focus Presentation w/ issue statement
- BLUF (Bottom line up front)
- Body: Describe the issue environment (relevant facts, assumptions, valid limitations)
- Evaluation criteria and their weighting
- Clearly define alternatives
- Explain why unethical, illegal, or infeasible if necessary
- Closing: Make a recommendation/ask for a decision
What should you focus on when preparing for a decision brief?
- ABCs - Accurate, Brief, Clear
- Know your purpose/understand the context
- ID key participants / stakeholders
- Be prepared
- Look for holes in data
- ID uncertainties/trouble shoot
Heart of leadership:
influence.
Strategic Attention:
allows focus while filtering out unimportant info for decision making.
Integrated Reasoning:
-Taking two unrrealted data points together to create novel ideas or new concepts (novel concepts).
-ability to alter direction when new info arises.
What is critical thinking?
Thinking about your thinking. (Using our intelligence and knowledge to reach objective and rational viewpoints.)
Emotional Intelligence:
-uses our awareness of emotions to help manage our behavior and decisions.
-the capacity to be aware of to control, and express feelings, and to handle interpersonal relationships judicially and empathetically.
Good Critical Thinking
is reasonable, reflective, and aligned with intellectual standards.
bias:
Is an inclination or prejudice for or against one person or group, especially in a way considered to be unfair.
Fallacy:
Is a mistaken belief, especially one based on unsound argument.
-Flaw defect in argument
anchoring:
(Cognitive Bias) the tendency, in making judgments, to rely on the first piece of information encountered or information that comes most quickly to mind.
Sunk Costs:
-Continuing a project off past decisions. Looked at as invesment. Not able to admit a mistake.
-Are costs that are made in the past and cannot be recovered.
Data Quality:
Is the key to data analytics.
What are Heuristics?
-a mental shortcut that allows people to solve problems and make judgments quickly and efficiently
-Educated guess, Intuition, best judgement, or common sense.
Heuristics is a mental
shortcut… that allows problem solving and judgement to occur quicker.
Step 1 of decision making process
Identify the Issue
Step 2 of decision making process
Analyze the Issue
Step 3 of decision making process
Develop Alternatives
Step 4 of decision making process
Evaluate Alternatives
Step 5 of decision making process
Make A Recommendation
PLUS model:
Policies, Legal, Universal, Self.
policies:
Is it consistent with org policies, procedures, and guidelines?
legal:
Is it permitted by law and regulation?
universal:
Does it conform to universal values (e.g. patience, ‘golden rule’, etc.)?
self:
Does it satisfy your personal morals/ethics? (Is it right, good, and fair?)
Decision support is define as:
enabling decision makers to make informed decisions that best use resources and improve mission effectiveness.
Decision Support Steps:
- Identify the issue;
- Analyze the issue;
- Develop alternatives;
- Evaluate the alternatives;
- Make a recommendation.
Purpose of ‘Identify the Issue’:
provides structure to the problem and ensures everyone’s going in the same direction for the goal.
Deliverables of Step 1. Identify the Issue:
Issue Statement.
Purpose of ‘Analyze the Issue”
to break down or simplify.
Deliverables of Step 2. Analyze the Issue:
-Relevant facts;
-Necessary assumptions;
-Valid limitations;
-defined & weighted criteria.
Purpose of ‘Develop Alternatives’:
to provide a set of broadly constructed, feasible, genuine, and reasonably numerous alternatives.
Deliverables of Step 3. Develop Alternatives:
3 to 5 “good” alternatives.
Purpose of ‘Evaluate Alternatives’:
methodically evaluate alternatives based on a set of weighted criteria to rank the alternatives.
Deliverables of Step 4. Evaluate Alternatives:
rank ordered alternatives & justification for ranking via a prioritization matrix.
Purpose of ‘Make a Recommendation’:
to get a decision.
Deliverables of Step 5. Make a Recommendation:
the number one alternative we can recommend.
5 “Wise”:
Asking why, at least 5 times, to help get to the real root cause and help identify an issue.
Which step does the 5 ‘Wise’ support?
Step 1. Identify the Issue.
Prioritization Matrix:
shows how each alternative meets criteria, which provides fidelity due to multiple criteria and assigns a rank to order them.
Q box:
(Analyze the issue) A matrix using “Question Words” and “Important Qualities”; matrix intersections help you formulate relevant questions; organized and focused approach.
Mission Statement:
Is a statement of the organization’s purpose - what it wants to accomplish in the larger environment.
Vision Statement:
defines the optimal desired future, provides guidance and inspiration to org goals, and acts as the ‘north star’ to employees.
SAF/FMB:
does budget and execution.
SAF/FMF:
does financial ops; ensures audit readiness, develops management policy, FM Systems, disbursing, pay, and quality assurance.