PFF and Nasal Cavity Flashcards
What are the cartilaginous parts of the nose?
External nose is mainly cartliaginous
- 2 lateral nasal cartilages
- 2 greater alar cartilages (more inferior)
- Also the cartilage of nasal septum
What makes up the roof of the nasal cavity?
Anterior to post:
Frontal, nasal, ethmoid, sphenoid bone
Main feature: cribiform plate ethmoid
What makes up inferior wall of nasal cavity (floor)?
2 bones that form the hard palate, hard palate seperates nasal and oral cavities, wider than roof
- palantine process of the maxilla (anterior)
- horizontal plate of palantine (posterior)
What are the bony parts of the nose?
Bony part= bridge of the nose
- 2 nasal bones
- Frontal process of maxilla
- nasal process of frontal bone
- Also there are the two bony parts of the septum
What makes up the medial wall of the nasal cavity?
• MEDIAL WALL: formed by nasal septum (perpendicular plate of ethmoid; vomer; septal cartilage; nasal crests of maxillary & palatine bones)
What makes up the lateral wall of the nasal cavity?
• LATERAL WALL: formed by maxilla (anterior), palatine (posterior) (perpendicular process), & sphenoid bones (posterior/superior)
o Nasal conchae are superimposed on the lateral wall
Ethmoid bone makes up the superior and middle conchae, inferior is its own bone
♣ divide nasal cavity into 4 passages
♣ project posteroinferiorly like scrolls; curve inferomedially, forming a roof for a meatus (recess)
Where are the nasal conchae located? What is their function?
• Nasal Conchae= protrude from lateral wall of nasal cavity; superior + middle conchae= ethmoid bone; inferior nasal conchae= its own bone; the conchae serve to divide the nasal cavity into 4 passageways for drainage
What is the space beneath each conchae termed? What drains each of these spaces?
• Sphenoethmoidal Recess= located superior to superior conchae
o receives opening of SPHENOIDAL SINUS
• Superior Nasal Meatus= located between superior & middle conchae
o receives drainage from POSTERIOR ETHMOIDAL SINUSES
• Middle Nasal Meatus= located between middle & inferior conchae
o receives drainage from MIDDLE & POSTERIOR ETHMOIDAL SINUSES
o SEMILUNAR HIATUSreceives drainage from FRONTONASAL DUCT
♣ crescent-shaped opening in middle meatus
o ETHMOIDAL BULLA bulge in middle meatus posterosuperior to semilunar hiatus
♣ formed by middle ethmoidal cells (=ethmoidal sinuses)
o UNCINATE PROCESS curved projection (part of ethmoid bone) in middle meatus located anteroinferior to semilunar hiatus
• Inferior Nasal Meatus= located inferior to inferior conchae
o receives drainage from NASOLACRIMAL DUCT (from lacrimal sac)
Describe the location of each paranasal air sinus and how they drain into the nasal cavity?
• FRONTAL SINUS= located between inner & outer layers of frontal bone, posterior to superciliary arches & root of nose
o Drainage= drains through FRONTONASAL DUCT Ethmoid Infundibulum Anterosuperior portion of SEMILUNAR HIATUS in MIDDLE MEATUS
o Innervation= Supraorbital Nerve (CN V1)
o Arterial Supply= Supraorbital Artery (ophthalmic artery)
o Nearby structures= roof of orbit; floor of anterior cranial fossa
• ETHMOIDAL SINUSES= air cells; several cavities located in lateral mass of ethmoid bone between nasal cavity & orbit
o Drainage:
♣ Anterior Ethmoidal Cells: Ethmoidal Infundibulum SEMILUNAR HIATUS in MIDDLE MEATUS
♣ Middle Ethmoidal Cells: drain directly into MIDDLE MEATUS via ETHMOIDAL BULLA
♣ Posterior Ethmoidal Cells (form ethmoidal bulla): drain directly into SUPERIOR MEATUS
o Innervation= Anterior & Posterior Ethmoidal Nerves (branches from nasociliary nerve from CN V1)
• SPHENOIDAL SINUSES= located primarily in body of sphenoid bone; unevenly divided by thin septum into right & left sinuses
o Drainage= drains into SPHENOETHMOIDAL RECESS above SUPERIOR NASAL CONCHAE
o Innervation= Posterior Ethmoidal Nerve (CN V1) + pharyngeal branch of CN X
o Arterial Supply= Posterior Ethmoidal Artery (ophthalmic artery)
o Nearby Structures= optic nerve & chiasm; pituitary gland; ICA; cavernous sinuses
• MAXILLARY SINUS= largest of paranasal sinuses; pyramidal-shaped cavities occupying body of the maxillae; roof forms floor of orbit; floor is alveolar part of maxillae; medial walls border nasal cavity
o Drainage= drain into MAXILLARY OSTIUM SEMILUNAR HIATUS in MIDDLE MEATUS
o Innervation= Anterior, Middle, & Superior Posterior Alveolar Nerves (CN V2)
o Arterial Supply= Superior Alveolar Branches of MAXILLARY ARTERY; GREATER PALATINE ARTERY= floor of maxillary sinus
o Nearby Structures= Infraorbital Nerve (CN V2) & accompanying vessels; roots of maxillary molar teeth; superior alveolar nerves
Describe Frontal sinus
• FRONTAL SINUS= located between inner & outer layers of frontal bone, posterior to superciliary arches & root of nose
o Drainage= drains through FRONTONASAL DUCT- Ethmoid Infundibulum Anterosuperior portion of -SEMILUNAR HIATUS then MIDDLE MEATUS
o Innervation= Supraorbital Nerve (CN V1)
o Arterial Supply= Supraorbital Artery (ophthalmic artery)
o Nearby structures= roof of orbit; floor of anterior cranial fossa
Describe sphenoid sinus
• SPHENOIDAL SINUSES= located primarily in body of sphenoid bone; unevenly divided by thin septum into right & left sinuses
o Drainage= drains into SPHENOETHMOIDAL RECESS (only one) above SUPERIOR NASAL CONCHAE
o Innervation= Posterior Ethmoidal Nerve (CN V1) + pharyngeal branch of CN v2
o Arterial Supply= Posterior Ethmoidal Artery (ophthalmic artery)
o ** very thin so rupture, Nearby Structures= optic nerve and chiasm; pituitary gland; ICA; cavernous sinuses
Describe maxillary sinus
• MAXILLARY SINUS= largest of paranasal sinuses; pyramidal-shaped cavities occupying body of the maxillae; roof forms floor of orbit; floor is alveolar part of maxillae; medial walls border nasal cavity
o Drainage= drain into MAXILLARY OSTIUM then SEMILUNAR HIATUS then MIDDLE MEATUS
o Innervation= Anterior, Middle, & Superior Posterior Alveolar Nerves (CN V2)***supplies maxillary molars and maxillary sinus
o Arterial Supply= Superior Alveolar Branches of MAXILLARY ARTERY; GREATER PALATINE ARTERY= floor of maxillary sinus
o Nearby Structures= Infraorbital Nerve (CN V2) and accompanying vessels; roots of maxillary molar teeth; superior alveolar nerves
Describe ethmoidal sinus?
• ETHMOIDAL SINUSES= air cells; several cavities located in lateral mass of ethmoid bone between nasal cavity & orbit
o Drainage: don’t drain the same
♣ Anterior: Ethmoidal Cells: Ethmoidal Infundibulum SEMILUNAR HIATUS in MIDDLE MEATUS
♣ Middle Ethmoidal Cells: drain directly into MIDDLE MEATUS via ETHMOIDAL BULLA
♣ Posterior Ethmoidal Cells (form ethmoidal bulla): drain directly into SUPERIOR MEATUS*
What is the primary blood supply to the nasal cavity?
• SPHENOPALATINE ARTERY= primary blood supply of the nasal cavity
o terminal branch of maxillary artery; passes through sphenopalatine foramen, posterior septal and lateral nasal branches
• Posterior & Anterior Ethmoidal Arteries= from ophthalmic artery, does superior part
• Greater Palatine Artery= branch from maxillary artery; descends in greater palatine canal; supplies hard palate
• Branches of Facial Artery= Lateral Nasal Artery & Superior Labial Artery
• **all arteries anastomose in the anterior portion of nasal septum Nosebleeds!
o can pinch upper lip to decrease bleeding
