petrology Flashcards
a rock that consist of mulitple crystals of a single mineral
mono mineralic rocks
a rock that consists of multiple types of mineral and mineraloids
polymineralic rocks
a model showing the origins, relationships and processes between rock types and other geologic materials
rock cycle
an aggregate of minerals or mineraloids
rock
deals with the generation and origin of rocks
petrogenesis
known as primary rocks that originated from solidified magma or lava
igneous rock
know as secondary rocks which formed as a result of lithified fragments of pre existing rocks
sedimentary
rocks that formed as a result of pre existing rocks undergoing metamorphism
metamorphic rocks
explain the rock cycle
very good
what are the three magma composition
melt
volatiles
crystals
magma that rises and erupts onto the surface of the earth
lava
the liquid portion of magma
melt
the gaseous portion of magma
volatiles
the solid portion of the magma
crystals
the processes were the magma or lava looses its heat
crystallization
rocks that formed as a result of crystallyzation of magma or lava
igneous rocks
igneous rocks that formed beneath the surface as a result of loosing mobility
plutonic rocks
will tend to have larger crystal sizes as they have time to grow
intrusive igneous rocks
igneous rocks that solidified at the surface as a result of extrusion
volcanic rocks
will have smaller crystals as they rapidly cool
extrusive igneous rocks
the process where your pre existing rock is heated to the point of partially melting
partial melting
the partial melting within the earths crust
anatexis
factors determining the types of magma
- composition, temperature and depth of the source rock
- percent partial melting of the source rock
- source rock previous melting history
- diversification process that change the composition of the magma after it leaves the source region
origins of magma
- temp increase
- decompression melting
- addition of volatiles
agents that reduces melting temperature of a substance
flux
increase of temperature with depth
geothermal gradient
inclusions in magmatic bodies
xenolith
a graphical method used to discriminate samples through their chemical content into correctly identifying an igneous rock
variation diagrams
bivariate diagrams showing the relative content relationshop of oxide coumpounds (FeO, MgO, CaO, Na2O, K2O, and TiO2 with SiO2 as the magma evolves creating a trend in the diagram
harker diagram
